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ASTM D4979-95(2003)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Physical Description Screening Analysis in Waste

Standard Test Method for Physical Description Screening Analysis in Waste

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended for use by those in the waste management industries to aid in describing the physical characteristics of waste.
This test method can be used in identifying discrepancies between the waste, manifest, and historical descriptions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to identify wastes by describing certain physical properties. It has been developed as a rapid but effective means for visually screening wastes.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard and warning information is given in Section 7 and 9.1.6.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Jun-1995
ICS
13.030.40 - Installations and equipment for waste disposal and treatment
Technical Committee
D34 - Waste Management
Drafting Committee
D34.01.05 - Screening Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4979-95 - Standard Test Method for Physical Description Screening Analysis in Waste
Effective Date
15-Jun-1995
Replaced By
ASTM D4979-08 - Standard Test Method for Physical Description Screening Analysis in Waste
Effective Date
01-Sep-2008
Referred By
ASTM D5232-19 - Standard Practice for Determining the Stability and Miscibility of a Solid, Semi-Solid, or Liquid Waste Material
Effective Date
15-Jun-1995

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ASTM D4979-95(2003) - Standard Test Method for Physical Description Screening Analysis in Waste
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4979–95 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Method for
Physical Description Screening Analysis in Waste
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4979; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 6. Apparatus
1.1 This test method is used to identify wastes by describing 6.1 Disposable Spatula or Eye Dropper.
certain physical properties. It has been developed as a rapid but 6.2 Clear Glass Sample Containers.
effective means for visually screening wastes.
7. Hazards
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 7.1 Avoid inhalation and skin or eye contact, or both, with
any hazardous materials.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 7.2 This procedure must be carried out within a laboratory
fume hood.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard and
warning information is given in Section 7 and 9.1.6.
8. Sampling
2. Terminology
8.1 Samples should be obtained in clear glass containers.
2.1 Description of Term Specific to This Standard: 8.2 Liquid samples may require time to stabilize (that is,
until layers reform).
2.1.1 screening analysis—a preliminary qualitative or semi-
quantitative test that is designed to efficiently give the user 8.3 It may be helpful to pick up the sample container and
tilt, rotate, swirl, invert it or to manipulate the sample with a
specific information about a waste that will aid in determining
waste identification, process compatibility, and safety in han- clean, disposable spatula or eye dropper.
8.4 If necessary, allow the sample to come to room tem-
dling.
perature in a sealed container. For example, frozen material
3. Summary of Test Method
should be allowed to thaw completely.
3.1 Samples are inspected and the physical appearance is
9. Procedures
recorded, including color, turbidity, viscosity, physical state,
layering, and any other observable attribute (for example, 9.1 Inspect the waste sample and describe the physical
attributes noting the following areas.
texture).
9.1.1 Color—Describe the visual color of the sample. If
4. Significance and Use
more than one color is present, list colors in decreasing order
4.1 This test method is intended for use by those in the of prominence.Additional descriptive terms may be useful (for
waste management industries to aid in describing the physical example, purple with swirls of blue and flecks of yellow).
characteristics of waste. 9.1.2 Turbidity—Describe liquid samples or liquid portions
4.2 This test method can be used in identifying discrepan- of samples in terms of clear (transparent), cloudy (translucent),
cies between the waste, manifest, and historical descriptions. or opaque.
9.1.3 Viscosity—Describe the viscosity of liquids and slud-
5. Interferences
ges. Describe viscosity in reference to viscosity like water,
5.1 Opaque sample containers require removal of a repre- medium viscosity like syrup or motor oil, or high viscosity like
sentative sample sufficient for complete observation. It is
molasses or warm tar. Tip the container sideways or invert to
recommended
...

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SCOPE
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4.1 This guide is suitable for sampling heterogeneous wastes.  
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4.3 Sections 5 – 10 describe a guide for the sampling of heterogeneous waste according to project objectives. Appendix X1 describes an application of the guide to heterogeneous wastes. The user is strongly advised to read Annex A1 prior to reading and employing Sections 5 – 10 of this guide.  
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SCOPE
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1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended for use in the waste management industries to collect samples of unconsolidated waste from trucks. The sampling procedures described are general and should be used in conjunction with a site-specific work plan.  
5.2 The purpose of collecting waste samples directly from a truck (rather than the waste source) is often to verify (usually with screening analyses) that the waste contained in the truck is the same or similar material from a waste source that has been previously characterized and approved for treatment or disposal, or both. Additionally, it may be a safer or logistically easier to sample the waste from a truck over the waste source.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers several methods for collecting waste samples from trucks. These methods are adapted specifically for sampling unconsolidated solid wastes in bulk loads using several types of sampling equipment.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 6 for specific precautionary statements.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Methods for Flammability Potential Screening Analysis of Waste

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are intended for use by those in the waste management industries to aid in identifying the flammability potential or waste materials. In addition to the test methods described here, flash points specific to liquid waste can be determined according to Test Method D8174 or D8175.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods are used to indicate the fire-producing or fire-sustaining potential of wastes. The following test methods can be applied to waste liquids, sludges, or solids:    
Sections  
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8 – 10  
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11 and 12  
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1.3 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.4 These test methods are designed and intended as preliminary tests to complement quantitative analytical techniques that are useful to determine flammability. These test methods offer the option and the ability to screen waste for hazardous flammability potential when the analytical techniques are not available or the total waste composition is unknown.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard information is given in Section 6, 9.3.1, and 10.4.3.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D5058-12(2020)(Practice)
Standard Practices for Compatibility of Screening Analysis of Waste

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
8.1 This practice is intended for use by those in the waste management industries to aid in determining the compatibility of hazardous wastes before they are commingled.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover assessment of the compatibility/reactivity of waste. The individual practices are as follows:    
Sections  
Practice A—Commingled Waste Compatibility  
8 – 12  
Practice B—Polymerization Potential (Reaction with  
Triethylamine)  
13 – 18  
Practice C—Water Compatibility  
19 – 25  
1.2 These practices are applicable to waste liquids, sludges, semi-solids, and solids.  
1.3 These practices are designed and intended as a preliminary or supplementary test to complement the more sophisticated quantitative analytical techniques that should be used to determine waste composition and compatibilities. This standard offers the user the option and the ability to screen wastes for potentially hazardous reactions when the more sophisticated techniques are not available and the total waste composition is unknown, and to screen compatibility when the composition is known. (Warning—Delayed or slow reactions of wastes may go unnoticed.)  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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