ASTM D7489-09(2017)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Evaluating Touch-Up Properties of Architectural Coatings under Various Environmental Conditions
Standard Practice for Evaluating Touch-Up Properties of Architectural Coatings under Various Environmental Conditions
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 During construction of a home, paints are subjected to a wide variety of drying conditions, and this may exhibit differences between the original coat and the touched-up area in appearance after its full cure. Therefore, it it essential for the paint to be able to perform under a wide variety of drying conditions. A paint that does this is very advantageous to the contractor.
5.2 It is possible for a paint to have excellent color touch-up, but poor sheen touch-up, or vice-versa. The ideal paint will have both excellent color and sheen touch-up under testing conditions.
5.3 Color, gloss and base choice can have a major impact on touch-up of the paint.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice determines the ability of a paint to be recoated or “touched up” in small areas. Variations in color, gloss, and sheen that result in a different appearance from the original paint can be evaluated visually.
1.2 This practice describes evaluation of touch-up characteristics in a laboratory-scale controlled environment as opposed to a full-scale field environment.
1.3 Evaluation of touch-up properties under constant drying conditions is described. Environmental conditions can be adjusted to incorporate high or low temperature drying , or both. The changes in application temperature can lead to larger differences in touch-up than applying both coats under the same environmental conditions.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7489 − 09 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Practice for
Evaluating Touch-Up Properties of Architectural Coatings
under Various Environmental Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7489; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
and Related Products
1.1 This practice determines the ability of a paint to be
D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color
recoated or “touched up” in small areas. Variations in color,
Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
gloss, and sheen that result in a different appearance from the
D5068 Practice for Preparation of Paint Brushes for Evalu-
original paint can be evaluated visually.
ation
1.2 This practice describes evaluation of touch-up charac-
D5069 Practice for Preparation of Paint-Roller Covers for
teristics in a laboratory-scale controlled environment as op-
Evaluation of Architectural Coatings
posed to a full-scale field environment.
D6762 Test Method for Determining the Hiding Power of
Paint by Visual Evaluation of Spray Applied Coatings
1.3 Evaluation of touch-up properties under constant drying
conditions is described. Environmental conditions can be E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
adjusted to incorporate high or low temperature drying , or
both.The changes in application temperature can lead to larger
3. Terminology
differences in touch-up than applying both coats under the
same environmental conditions.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 touch-up, n—to repair visual differences in a painted
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
surface by recoating small areas with the same paint that was
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
used for the original coat.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1.1 Discussion—This includes color and sheen differ-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ences in the dry film.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Summary of Practice
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.1 Paints, application tools, and drying conditions are
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
selected before starting this practice. Relevant color(s) for
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
testing and any specific primers should also be selected at this
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
time.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.2 Multiple coats of the test paint are applied to a specified
2. Referenced Documents
substrate in a prescribed manner to simulate touch-up condi-
tions. The results are visually evaluated for variations in color,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
gloss, and sheen between the touch-up coating and the first and
D344 Test Method for Relative Hiding Power of Paints by
second coat.
the Visual Evaluation of Brushouts
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
4.3 A qualitative rating scale for the touch-up result is
described.
5. Significance and Use
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
5.1 During construction of a home, paints are subjected to a
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
wide variety of drying conditions, and this may exhibit
Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originally
differences between the original coat and the touched-up area
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D7489 – 09 (2013).
DOI: 10.1520/D7489-09R17.
in appearance after its full cure.Therefore, it it essential for the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
paint to be able to perform under a wide variety of drying
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
conditions. A paint that does this is very advantageous to the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. contractor.
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D7489 − 09 (2017)
5.2 Itispossibleforapainttohaveexcellentcolortouch-up, 7. Procedure
but poor sheen touch-up, or vice-versa. The ideal paint will
7.1 Before starting this method, agree upon paints, tinted
have both excellent color and sheen touch-up under testing
color, applicator types for first coat, second coat and touch-up
conditions.
area(s), as well as temperature under which each will be
5.3 Color,glossandbasechoicecanhaveamajorimpacton
applied and dried.
touch-up of the paint.
7.2 Select a convenient and suitable spreading rate, mutu-
ally agreeable to all parties involved in the testing program,
6. Apparatus and Materials
and preferably in the range from 8.6 to 11.0 m /L (350 to
6.1 Tinted Test Paint.
450 ft /gal). See Appendix X1 for examples of typical
touch-up applicator and drying conditions.
6.2 Dry Wall Panels, Upson Board, or other accepted
7.2.1 Results may be highly dependent on film thickness;
material. Minimum size 30 by 30 cm (1 ft by 1 ft).
therefore, it is essential that the test paints be weighed on
6.3 Primary Applicator, which could be:
accurately, particularly for small test areas. The amount of
6.3.1 Good quality paint roller with ⁄8 in. nap.
paint in grams required for a specific spread rate can be
6.3.2 Airless spray unit capable of 1000 to 3000 psi and
determined from the following equation:
appropriate spray tip.
g 5 ~~Am*D!/Sm!*1000 (1)
NOTE 1—If using an airless spray unit, typically a larger test panel is
required.
where:
6.3.3 Other applicators, as agreed upon. Am = area, square metres,
D = density, g/mL or kg/L, and
6.4 Secondary Applicator, which could be:
Sm = spreading rate, square metres/L.
6.4.1 Good quality paint roller with 1 cm ( ⁄8 in.) nap.
or the following imperial units equation:
6.4.2 Good quality polyester/nylon paint brush.
6.4.3 A natural or synthetic sponge.
g 5 A*W /S *3.15 (2)
~~ ! !
6.4.4 Other applicators, as agreed upon.
where:
6.5 Controlled Temperature Drying Area/Cabinet, such as:
A = area, sq. in.,
6.5.1 Cold cabinet (refrigerator), maintaining 4 6 2°C (40
W = weight per gal. (Test Method D1475), lb./gal, and
6 5°F ).
S = spreading rate, square ft/gal.
6.5.2 Constanttemperatureroom,maintaining25 62°C(77
NOTE 2—The gallon unit here and throughout this test method is the U.
6 5°F).
S. gallon (3.78 L).
6.5.3 May be done in a cabinet maintained at other tem- NOTE 3—To avoid variations in initial gloss, the substrate may require
priming.
peratures or humidities, or both, as agreed.
7.3 Application of First Coat:
6.6 Gloss Meter (optional), to read gloss differences on test
panel. 7.3.1 The test substrate, applicator for the first coat (appli-
cator A) and paint are placed in an area (oven, refrigerator, or
6.7 Spectrophotometer (optional), to read color differences
constant temperature room) that corresponds with drying
on test panel.
conditions for first coat (drying conditions A), and allowed to
6.8 Bench Scale (optional), to measure weight of paint
equilibrate for at least 4 h.
applied to test.
7.3.2 Applicator is broken in or conditioned for use (for
6.9 Ruler (optional), or other measuring device to measure example, Practice D5068 for paint brushes and Practice D5069
area of paint application. for paint rollers).
FIG. 1 Graphic Representation of First and Second Coats and Touch-up Areas
D7489 − 09 (2017)
7.3.3 Then, one coat of the test paint is applied to the test a distance of 0.3 to 1.5 m (1 to 5 ft) under illumination
substrate using the applicator A at drying conditions A. An conditions as described in 9.2.1.
illustration of the series of three application steps is found in
8.3 Qualitative Evaluation:
Fig. 1. The panel is dried for a minimum of 18 h under drying
8.3.1 Refer to Test Method D344, Practice D1729, and Test
conditions A.
Method D6762 for suggestions on visual evaluation of the
7.3.3.1 (Optional) — If spread rates are being determined,
panels.
measure the weight applied to the test panel using a bench
8.3.2 If the color or gloss difference between section A and
scale, and measure the length and width of the test area.
section B for the test panel are small (not readily apparent), the
7.4 Applicatio
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