ASTM D8090-24
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Paints and Pigments Using Dynamic Imaging Methods
Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Paints and Pigments Using Dynamic Imaging Methods
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 By following this test method, the particle size, particle size distribution and particle shape of particulates in liquid paint and pigment dispersions can be measured.
5.2 Particle size, particle size distribution and particle shape have a great effect on the color, opacity and gloss of paints. Reproducing these characteristics is critical to the quality and performance of the paint produced.
5.3 The dynamic imaging instrument is useful during manufacturing to detect oversize particles as well as the required size distribution of particles in order to provide quality and consistency from batch to batch.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle size distribution of liquid paints and pigmented liquid coatings by Dynamic Image Analysis. This method includes the reporting of particles ≥1 µm in size and up to 300 µm in size.
Note 1: Shape is used to classify particles, droplets and bubbles and is not a reporting requirement.
Note 2: The term paint(s) as used in this document includes liquid paint and liquid pigmented coatings.
1.1.1 Some paints may be too viscous to flow through the imaging instrument without dilution which may be used to help the paint flow as long as significant contamination is not introduced into the paint.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8090 − 24
Standard Test Method for
Particle Size Distribution of Paints and Pigments Using
1
Dynamic Imaging Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8090; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
Pigmented Coatings
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle
2.2 Other Documents:
size distribution of liquid paints and pigmented liquid coatings
ISO12103-1 Medium Test Dust
by Dynamic Image Analysis. This method includes the report-
ing of particles ≥1 μm in size and up to 300 μm in size.
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—Shape is used to classify particles, droplets and bubbles and is
3.1 For the definition of terms used in this standard refer to
not a reporting requirement.
Terminology D16.
NOTE 2—The term paint(s) as used in this document includes liquid
paint and liquid pigmented coatings.
3.2 Definitions:
1.1.1 Some paints may be too viscous to flow through the
3.2.1 bubble, n—a non paint, gaseous formation within the
imaging instrument without dilution which may be used to help
paint, generally spherical in shape and visible as a thick walled
the paint flow as long as significant contamination is not
ring with a transparent center.
introduced into the paint.
3.2.2 droplet, n—a non paint, liquid formation within the
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
paint, generally spherical in shape and visible as a thin walled
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
ring with a transparent center.
standard.
3.2.3 projected equivalent particle diameter, n—the diam-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the eter calculated from the projected area of a particle if that area
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
formed a circle, and in equation form is:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Projected Equivalent Particle Diameter ~D! 5 SQRT Area/ π ⁄ 4
~ ~ !!
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
5 =~Area/0.785!
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.4 count fraction, n—the fraction of the total count of
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
particles measured which are below a given percent value, and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
are denoted as follows:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.4.1 Dn10—the projected equivalent diameter below
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
which 10 % of the total count of all particles analyzed is
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
represented.
3.2.4.2 Dn50—the projected equivalent diameter below
2. Referenced Documents
which 50 % of the total count of all particles analyzed is
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
represented.
D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and
3.2.4.3 Dn90—the projected equivalent diameter below
Applications
which 90 % of the total count of all particles analyzed is
represented.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
4. Summary of Test Method
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints & Paint Materials.
4.1 Test specimens are fed through the dynamic imaging
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2024. Published February 2024. Originally
instrument which is comprised of a camera sensor and illumi-
approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as F3261 – 17. DOI:
10.1520/D8090-24.
nation source opposing each other to form a measurement zone
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
where the fluid image is captured and then analyzed for particle
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
size and distribution. The particle size and size distribution
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. values are based on the projected equivalent particle diameter.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8090 − 24
Shape parameters can be used to identify air bubbles that may
be present and eliminate them from th
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8090 − 17 D8090 − 24
Standard Test Method for
Particle Size Distribution and Shape Analysis of Paints and
1
Pigments Using Dynamic Imaging Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8090; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle size distribution and particle shape of liquid paints and pigmented liquid
coatings by Dynamic Image Analysis. This method includes the reporting of particles ≥1 μm in size and up to 300 μm in size.
NOTE 1—Shape is used to classify particles, droplets and bubbles and is not a reporting requirement.
NOTE 2—The term paint(s) as used in this document includes liquid paint and liquid pigmented coatings.
1.1.1 Some paints may be too viscous to flow through the imaging instrument without dilution which may be used to help the paint
flow as long as significant contamination is not introduced into the paint.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related Pigmented Coatings
2.2 Other Documents:
3
NIST SRM 1982 Thermal Spray Powder – Particle Size Distribution
ISO12103-1 Medium Test Dust
3. Terminology
3.1 For the definition of terms used in this standard refer to Terminology D16.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints and& Paint Materials.
Current edition approved June 1, 2017Feb. 1, 2024. Published July 2017February 2024. DOI: 10.1520/D8090-17.Originally approved in 2017. Last previous edition
approved in 2017 as F3261 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D8090-24.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8090 − 24
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 bubble, n—a non paint, gaseous formation within the paint, generally spherical in shape and visible as a thick walled ring
with a transparent center.
3.2.2 droplet, n—a non paint, liquid formation within the paint, generally spherical in shape and visible as a thin walled ring with
a transparent center.
3.2.3 projected equivalent particle diameter, n—the diameter calculated from the projected area o fa of a particle if that area
formed a circle, and in equation form isis:
Projected Equivalent Particle Diameter ~D! 5 SQRT~Area/ ~π ⁄ 4!!5=~Area/0.785!
3.2.4 projected equivalent particle volume (V ), n—the particle volume based on the projected equivalent particle diameter, and
D
in equation form is
3
Projected Equivalent Particle Volume V 5 πD ⁄6 (1)
~ !
D
3.2.4 volumecount fraction, n—the fraction of the total volumecount of particles measured which are below a given
percent,percent value, and are denoted as follows:
3.2.4.1 Dv10—Dn10—the projected equivalent diameter below which 10 % of the total volumecount of all particles analyzed
is represented.
3.2.4.2 Dv50—Dn50—the projected equivalent diameter below which 50 % of the total volumecount of all particles analyzed
is represented.
3.2.4.3 Dv90—Dn90—the projected equivalent diameter below which 90 % of the tota
...
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