ASTM D7634-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Visualizing Particulate Sizes and Morphology of Particles Contained in Hydrogen Fuel by Microscopy
Standard Test Method for Visualizing Particulate Sizes and Morphology of Particles Contained in Hydrogen Fuel by Microscopy
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Low temperature fuel cells such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) require high purity hydrogen for maximum material performance and lifetime. The particulates in hydrogen used in FCVs and hydrogen powered internal combustion vehicles may adversely affect pneumatic control components, such as valves or other critical system components. The visualization of the size and morphology of particles is an important tool for determining particle origin as well as for devising particle formation reduction strategies.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is primarily intended for visualizing and measuring the sizes and morphology of particulates in hydrogen used as a fuel for fuel cell or internal combustion engine powered vehicles. This test method describes procedures required to obtain size and morphology data of known quality. This test method can be applied to other gaseous samples requiring determination of particulate sizes and morphology provided the user’s data quality objectives are satisfied.
1.2 Mention of trade names in standard does not constitute endorsement or recommendation. Other manufacturers of equipment, software or equipment models can be used.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D7634 − 10
Standard Test Method for
Visualizing Particulate Sizes and Morphology of Particles
Contained in Hydrogen Fuel by Microscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7634; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope SAE J6000 Compressed Hydrogen Surface Vehicle Refuel-
ing Connection Devices
1.1 This test method is primarily intended for visualizing
and measuring the sizes and morphology of particulates in
3. Terminology
hydrogen used as a fuel for fuel cell or internal combustion
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
engine powered vehicles. This test method describes proce-
3.1.1 constituent—component (or compound) found within
dures required to obtain size and morphology data of known
a hydrogen fuel mixture
quality. This test method can be applied to other gaseous
3.1.2 contaminant—impurity that adversely affects the com-
samples requiring determination of particulate sizes and mor-
ponents within the fuel cell system or the hydrogen storage
phology provided the user’s data quality objectives are satis-
system
fied.
3.1.3 fuel cell grade hydrogen—hydrogen satisfying the
1.2 Mention of trade names in standard does not constitute
specifications in SAE TIR J2719.
endorsement or recommendation. Other manufacturers of
equipment, software or equipment models can be used.
3.1.4 gaseous fuel—material to be tested, as sampled, with-
out change of composition by drying or otherwise.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 3.1.5 HEPA Filter—A high efficiency particulate air filter
standard. which, by definition, removes at least 99.97% of airborne
particles 0.3µm in diameter.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.6 SAE TIR J2719—Information Report on the develop-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ment of a hydrogen quality guideline for fuel cell vehicles
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2 Acronyms:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.1 FCV—Fuel Cell Vehicle
3.2.2 PSA—Particulate sampling adapter for sampling par-
2. Referenced Documents
ticulate in hydrogen fuel
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.3 HQSA—Hydrogen quality sampling adapter for sam-
D7650 Test Method for Test Method for Sampling of Par-
pling gaseous hydrogen fuel
ticulate Matter in High Pressure Hydrogen used as a
3.2.4 SAE—Society of Automotive Engineers International
Gaseous Fuel with an In-Stream Filter
3.2.5 PEM—Polymer Electrolyte Membrane, also called
2.2 SAE Standards:
Proton Exchange Membrane
SAE TIR J2719 Hydrogen Quality Guideline for Fuel Cell
Vehicles, April 2008 3.2.6 PEMFC—proton exchange membrane fuel cells
4. Summary of Test Method
1 4.1 This procedure is for visualizing and measuring, by
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD03onGaseous
Fuels and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D03.14 on Hydrogen and
microscopy, the sizes and morphology of particulates after
Fuel Cells.
collection of particulates contained within hydrogen fuel at
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published February 2011. DOI: 10.1520/
fueling station dispenser nozzles (Test Method D7650, SAE
D7634–10.
J2600) or other gaseous fuel delivery system dispenser inter-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
faces.Everyprecautionshouldbetakentoavoidcontamination
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
of particulates onto the filter coming from the PSA, the
the ASTM website.
analytical system, ambient air, filter handling or other environ-
Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale,
PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org. mental sources.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7634 − 10
5. Significance and Use composed of polypropylene. Installed in the filter holder, the
PTFE side should face the hydrogen fuel stream. The polypro-
5.1 Low temperature fuel cells such as proton exchange
pylene side of the filter is generally shinier than the PTFE side,
membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) require high purity hydrogen
which is dull when viewed under a bright light. When
for maximum material performance and lifetime. The particu-
examining, visualizing, handling, and weighing filters, the side
lates in hydrogen used in FCVs and hydrogen powered internal
facing the gas stream and collecting particulates must always
combustion vehicles may adversely affect pneumatic control
face up. Before visualizing a filter by microscopy, examine it
components, such as valves or other critical system compo-
carefully to ensure the filter is not damaged and record the
nents.Thevisualizationofthesizeandmorphologyofparticles
condition and appearance of the filter. Filters are always stored
is an important tool for determining particle origin as well as
inasmallparticulatefreeplasticcontainerinaminicleanroom
for devising particle formation reduction strategies.
(7.2) when not in use.
6. Interferences
9. Test Specimens and Test Units
6.1 Particulate matter originating in the environment or
equipment will interfere with the determinations. Every pre-
9.1 Test specimens—Particulate.
caution should be taken to avoid contamination of particulates
9.2 Test units—µm.
onto the filter coming from the analytical system, ambient air,
filter handling, or other environmental sources.
10. Preparation of Apparatus
6.2 The potential effect of body moisture or oils contacting
10.1 Microscope—The microscope, when not in use, must
the filters is minimized by using powder-free gloves while
be covered with particulate free plastic and remain in a
handling filters outside the glove box.
Horizontal Flow Hood (7.3) fitted with a HEPA Filter. The
7. Apparatus surface of the hood must be cleaned using a HEPA filter fitted
vacuum (7.6) before visualization activity and the flow in the
7.1 Microscope—Amicroscopy system is necessary to have
hood is turned on at least an hour before this activity.
reflectance and transmittance illuminations, built-in polariza-
tion system and a digital camera with an USB connection to a
11. Conditioning
computer.Themicroscopeiscoveredwithaplasticcoverwhen
not in use and placed on a table top inside a horizontal flow
11.1 Filter Conditioning—New filters are stored in their
hood containing a HEPA filter (7.3).
original packaging and the filters ready for visualization are
stored in a mini-clean room as described in 7.2.
7.2 Mini-Clean Room—A small clean room with HEPA
filter should be used to store unused TFE-flourocarbon filters,
12. Procedure
filter holders, and sampled filters at atmospheric moisture less
than 30%.
12.1 AlwayscleanhorizontalflowhoodHEPAfilterairinlet
7.3 HEPA Filter Fitted Horizontal Flow Hood—A flow surfaces using a HEPA Vacuum before handling filters.
hood that blows filtered air through a HEPAfilter horizontally.
12.2 CleanthesurfaceareaaroundmicroscopewithaHEPA
This eliminates or reduces environmental particulates that can
vacuum before performing visualizations.
interfere with microscope visualization. The air velocity mea-
sured by Vaneometer (7.4) should be over 80 ft/minute (1.46
12.3 Remove the plastic microscope covering inside the
km/hour); otherwise, an electronic air velocity meter (7.5)
HEPA filter fitted horizontal flow hood. Place a Vaneometers
should alarm the operator.
(7.4) on one side of the microscope and an electronic air
velocity meter (7.5) on the other side to ensure the air linear
7.4 Vaneometer—This metering device is used to measure
velocity is greater than 80ft/min.
air velocity passing through the HEPA Filter fitted Horizontal
Flow Hood.
12.4 Transfer filters stored in a plastic container from the
mini clean room to the hood and adjacent to the microscope.
7.5 Electronic Air Velocity Meter—An Electronic air veloc-
ity meter is used to notify the analyst if the horizontal air flow
12.5 Use plastic tweezers to remove a filter from the plastic
behind the microscope falls below approximately 80 ft per
container and place it onto a clean glass surface under the
minute.
microscopes objective lens. The glass is placed on a stage,
7.6 HEP
...
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