ASTM D2434-68(2006)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils (Constant Head) (Withdrawn 2015)
Standard Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils (Constant Head) (Withdrawn 2015)
ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of the coefficient of permeability by a constant-head method for the laminar flow of water through granular soils. The procedure is to establish representative values of the coefficient of permeability of granular soils that may occur in natural deposits as placed in embankments, or when used as base courses under pavements. The different apparatus used in determining the granular soil permeability are presented. The methods in preparing the test specimen are presented in details. The testing and calculation procedure for granular soil permeability determination are presented.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the coefficient of permeability by a constant-head method for the laminar flow of water through granular soils. The procedure is to establish representative values of the coefficient of permeability of granular soils that may occur in natural deposits as placed in embankments, or when used as base courses under pavements. In order to limit consolidation influences during testing, this procedure is limited to disturbed granular soils containing not more than 10 % soil passing the 75-m (No. 200) sieve.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of the coefficient of permeability by a constant-head method for the laminar flow of water through granular soils. The procedure is to establish representative values of the coefficient of permeability of granular soils that may occur in natural deposits as placed in embankments, or when used as base courses under pavements. In order to limit consolidation influences during testing, this procedure is limited to disturbed granular soils containing not more than 10 % soil passing the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D18 on Soil and Rock, this test method was withdrawn in January 2015 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2434 − 68(Reapproved 2006)
Standard Test Method for
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Permeability of Granular Soils (Constant Head)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2434; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.3 Flow in the steady state with no changes in hydraulic
gradient, and
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the coef-
3.1.4 Direct proportionality of velocity of flow with hydrau-
ficient of permeability by a constant-head method for the
lic gradients below certain values, at which turbulent flow
laminar flow of water through granular soils. The procedure is
starts.
to establish representative values of the coefficient of perme-
ability of granular soils that may occur in natural deposits as
3.2 All other types of flow involving partial saturation of
placed in embankments, or when used as base courses under
soil voids, turbulent flow, and unsteady state of flow are
pavements. In order to limit consolidation influences during
transient in character and yield variable and time-dependent
testing, this procedure is limited to disturbed granular soils
coefficients of permeability; therefore, they require special test
containing not more than 10 % soil passing the 75-µm (No.
conditions and procedures.
200) sieve.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Apparatus
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Permeameters, as shown in Fig. 1, shall have specimen
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
cylinders with minimum diameters approximately 8 or 12
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
times the maximum particle size in accordance with Table 1.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
The permeameter should be fitted with: (1) a porous disk or
2. Referenced Documents
suitable reinforced screen at the bottom with a permeability
2
greater than that of the soil specimen, but with openings
2.1 ASTM Standards:
suffıciently small (not larger than 10% finer size) to prevent
D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
movement of particles; (2) manometer outlets for measuring
D4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit
the loss of head, h, over a length, l, equivalent to at least the
Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
diameter of the cylinder; ( 3) a porous disk or suitable
D4254 Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit
reinforced screen with a spring attached to the top, or any
Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density
other device, for applying a light spring pressure of 22 to 45-N
3. Fundamental Test Conditions
(5 to 10-lbf) total load, when the top plate is attached in place.
Thiswillholdtheplacementdensityandvolumeofsoilwithout
3.1 The following ideal test conditions are prerequisites for
significant change during the saturation of the specimen and
the laminar flow of water through granular soils under
thepermeabilitytestingtosatisfytherequirementprescribedin
constant-head conditions:
3.1.1.
3.1.1 Continuity of flow with no soil volume change during
a test,
4.2 Constant-Head Filter Tank, as shown in Fig. 1,to
3.1.2 Flow with the soil voids saturated with water and no
supply water and to remove most of the air from tap water,
air bubbles in the soil voids,
fitted with suitable control valves to maintain conditions
described in 3.1.2.
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ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
NOTE 1—De-aired water may be used if preferred.
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.04 on Hydrologic
Properties and Hydraulic Barriers.
4.3 Large Funnels, fitted with special cylindrical spouts 25
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2006. Published March 2006. Originally
3
mm (1 in.) in diameter for 9.5-mm ( ⁄8-in.) maximum size
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D2434–68(2000).
1
DOI: 10.1520/D2434-68R06.
particles and 13 mm ( ⁄2 in.) in diameter for 2.00-mm (No. 10)
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
maximum size particles. The length of the spout should be
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
greater than the full length of the permeability chamber—at
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. least 150 mm (6 in.).
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