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ASTM D1921-12

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Particle Size (Sieve Analysis) of Plastic Materials

Standard Test Methods for Particle Size (Sieve Analysis) of Plastic Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are used to determine particle size distribution and therefore are useful for determining lot-to-lot uniformity.  
4.2 The particle sizes of plastic materials affect the handling characteristics and sometimes will affect the processing characteristics of some polymers.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of the particle size of plastic materials in the powdered, granular, or pelleted forms in which they are commonly supplied. As these test methods utilize dry sieving, the lower limit of measurement is considered to be about 38 μm (No. 400 sieve). For smaller particle sizes, sedimentation test methods are recommended.  
1.2 Two test methods are described:  
1.2.1 Test Method A—This test method uses multiple sieves selected to span the particle size of the material. This method is used to determine the mean particle diameter and particle size distribution.  
1.2.2 Test Method B—This test method is an abbreviated version of Test Method A conducted with a few specific sieves. This test method determines “percent passing” or “percent retained” on a given sieve. Test Method B is applicable to materials which do not have a normal particle size distribution such as pellets and cubes.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units shall be considered standard for dimensions of the wire cloth openings and the diameter of the wires used in the wire cloth. The values stated in inch-pound units shall be considered standard with regard to the sieve frames.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent for this test method.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jul-2012
ICS
19.120 - Particle size analysis. Sieving
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.70 - Analytical Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1921-06e1 - Standard Test Methods for Particle Size (Sieve Analysis) of Plastic Materials
Effective Date
01-Aug-2012
Referred By
ASTM D3218-07(2018) - Standard Specification for Polyolefin Monofilaments
Effective Date
01-Aug-2012
Referred By
ASTM D1755-21 - Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Resins
Effective Date
01-Aug-2012
Referred By
ASTM D5861-07(2017) - Standard Guide for Significance of Particle Size Measurements of Coating Powders
Effective Date
01-Aug-2012
Referred By
ASTM D3451-06(2017) - Standard Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder Coatings
Effective Date
01-Aug-2012
Referred By
ASTM D7486-22 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fines and Dust Particles on Plastic Pellets by Wet Analysis
Effective Date
01-Aug-2012
Referred By
ASTM E1229-21 - Standard Specification for Calcium Hypochlorite
Effective Date
01-Aug-2012
Referred By
ASTM D8424-21 - Standard Guide for Retroreflective Composite Optics Laboratory Procedures
Effective Date
01-Aug-2012
Referred By
ASTM D4020-18 - Standard Specification for Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Molding and Extrusion Materials
Effective Date
01-Aug-2012
Referred By
ASTM D8402-23 - Standard Practice for Development of Microplastic Reference Samples for Calibration and Proficiency Evaluation in All Types of Water Matrices with High to Low Levels of Suspended Solids
Effective Date
01-Aug-2012

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1921 − 12
Standard Test Methods for
1
Particle Size (Sieve Analysis) of Plastic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1921; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
particle size of plastic materials in the powdered, granular, or E11Specification forWovenWireTest Sieve Cloth andTest
pelleted forms in which they are commonly supplied.As these Sieves
test methods utilize dry sieving, the lower limit of measure- E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
ment is considered to be about 38 µm (No. 400 sieve). For Determine the Precision of a Test Method
smaller particle sizes, sedimentation test methods are recom-
3. Summary of Test Methods
mended.
3.1 A dry mass of plastic material is placed on a series of
1.2 Two test methods are described:
sieves arranged in order of increasing fineness and the mass is
1.2.1 Test Method A—This test method uses multiple sieves
divided into fractions corresponding to the sieve opening.
selected to span the particle size of the material. This method
is used to determine the mean particle diameter and particle
4. Significance and Use
size distribution.
1.2.2 Test Method B—This test method is an abbreviated 4.1 These test methods are used to determine particle size
versionofTestMethodAconductedwithafewspecificsieves. distribution and therefore are useful for determining lot-to-lot
This test method determines “percent passing” or “percent uniformity.
retained” on a given sieve. Test Method B is applicable to
4.2 Theparticlesizesofplasticmaterialsaffectthehandling
materials which do not have a normal particle size distribution
characteristics and sometimes will affect the processing char-
such as pellets and cubes.
acteristics of some polymers.
1.3 The values stated in SI units shall be considered
5. Interferences
standard for dimensions of the wire cloth openings and the
diameter of the wires used in the wire cloth. The values stated
5.1 Some materials develop a static charge during sieving.
ininch-poundunitsshallbeconsideredstandardwithregardto
This charge interferes with the sieving process and results in a
the sieve frames.
coarse bias. Use of an antistat is necessary to obtain meaning-
ful results.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.2 The choice of antistat (or slip agent) has been known to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
affect the coarse bias. Some materials are more effective in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
aiding the fines to separate from the mass.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.3 Too much material on a sieve causes mass blinding and
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent for this test method.
results in a coarse bias. The sieve selection and charge weight
must be chosen to avoid overloading any sieve.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical
2
Methods (Section D20.70.01). For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
´1
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D1921-06 . DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D1921-12. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1921 − 12
5.4 Wavy, improperly stretched wire-cloth potentially al- 11. Conditioning
lows wires to separate without being visually damaged. Sieves
11.1 The plastic material must be in a free-flowing condi-
with wavy or torn wires shall not be used, as they no longer
tion.
conform to Specification E11.
11.2 If possible, condition the material to the laboratory
temperature and humidity.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Balance,500-gminimumcapacitywiththecapabilityof
TEST METHOD A
reading to the nearest 0.1 g.
12. Procedure
6.2 Mechanical Sieving Device and Time Switch—A me-
chanicalsieve-shakingdeviceequippedwithanautomatictime
12.1 Selectsievesinsufficient
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D1921 − 06 D1921 − 12
Standard Test Methods for
1
Particle Size (Sieve Analysis) of Plastic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1921; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—Added research report information to Section 17 editorially in September 2010.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of the particle size of plastic materials in the powdered, granular, or pelleted
forms in which they are commonly supplied. As these test methods utilize dry sieving, the lower limit of measurement is
considered to be about 38 μm (No. 400 sieve). For smaller particle sizes, sedimentation test methods are recommended.
1.2 Two test methods are described:
1.2.1 Test Method A—This test method uses multiple sieves selected to span the particle size of the material. This method is used
to determine the mean particle diameter and particle size distribution.
1.2.2 Test Method B—This test method is an abbreviated version of Test Method A conducted with a few specific sieves. This
test method determines “percent passing” or “percent retained” on a given sieve. Test Method B is applicable to materials which
do not have a normal particle size distribution such as pellets and cubes.
1.3 The values stated in SI units shall be considered standard for dimensions of the wire cloth openings and the diameter of the
wires used in the wire cloth. The values stated in inch-pound units shall be considered standard with regard to the sieve frames.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no technically equivalent ISO standard.known ISO equivalent for this test method.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Summary of Test Methods
3.1 A dry mass of plastic material is placed on a series of sieves arranged in order of increasing fineness and the mass is divided
into fractions corresponding to the sieve opening.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 These test methods can be are used to determine particle size distribution and therefore are useful for determining lot-to-lot
uniformity.
4.2 The particle sizes of plastic materials affect the handling characteristics and sometimes will affect the processing
characteristics of some polymers.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods
(Section D20.70.01).
Current edition approved April 1, 2006Aug. 1, 2012. Published June 2006September 2012. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 20012006 as
´1
D1921 - 01.D1921 - 06 . DOI: 10.1520/D1921-06E01.10.1520/D1921-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1921 − 12
5. Interferences
5.1 Some materials develop a static charge during sieving. This charge interferes with the sieving process and results in a coarse
bias. Use of an antistat is necessary to obtain meaningful results.
5.2 The choice of antistat (or slip agent) has been known to affect the coarse bias. Some materials are more effective in aiding
the fines to separate from the mass.
5.3 Too much material on a sieve causes mass blinding and results in a coarse bias. The sieve selection and charge weight must
be chosen to avoid overloading any sieve.
5.4 Wavy, improperly stretched wire-cloth may allowpotentially allows wires to separate without being visually damaged.
Sieves
...

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Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 Peat materials consist of particles with various sizes. This practice covers the separation of peat particles into coarse, medium, and fine size fractions using the 2.36 mm (No. 8) and 0.850 mm (No. 20) sieves equipped with cover and bottom pan. This practice is applicable for peat materials used in the horticultural industry and can be used to verify the degree of decomposition of peat and to determine the foreign matter content.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.2.1 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the gravitational systems. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit of mass. However, the use of balances and scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.  
1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any...

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ASTM
ASTM D4513-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Catalytic Materials by Sieving

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method can be used to determine particle size distributions of catalysts and supports for materials specifications, manufacturing control, and research and development work.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle size distribution of catalytic powder material using a sieving instrument and is one of several found valuable for the measurement of particle size. This test method is particularly suitable for particles in the 20 to 420 μm range. (See Terminology D3766.)  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—In 5.2, mesh size is the standard unit of measure.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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