ASTM D2199-03(2021)

• Abstract:

  SIGNIFICANCE AND USE; 3.1 Plasticizers in finished vinyl fabric can be transferred to coatings with which they come in contact. When this takes place, objectionable marring and softening occur. This test method covers an accelerated test for measurement of this tendency.; SCOPE; 1.1 This test method covers an accelerated test for the measurement of a tendency for plasticizers in finished vinyl fabric to be transferred to coatings with which they come in contact. ; Note 1: Age of fabric sample may affect results of test. To ensure most reliable results, test with fabric sample closest in age to what will be coated. ; 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. ; 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ; 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-May-2021
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.55 - Factory Applied Coatings on Preformed Products

Overview

ASTM D2199-03(2021) is the international standard test method for measuring plasticizer migration from vinyl fabrics to lacquers and other coatings. Developed by ASTM International, this method provides a consistent, accelerated laboratory procedure to assess the tendency of plasticizers in finished vinyl fabric to transfer onto coatings during direct contact. Understanding the risk of plasticizer migration is critical for manufacturers and end users of coated fabrics, as migration can lead to marring, softening, or reduced performance of the coating.

Key Topics

• Plasticizer Migration: The movement of plasticizing agents from vinyl fabrics into contacting coatings, which can cause visible defects and material degradation.
• Accelerated Testing: The standard specifies a method using elevated temperatures and controlled contact pressure to predict real-world interactions in a shortened timeframe.
• Test Apparatus and Procedure:
  • Use of a drawdown blade to apply coating to glass panels.
  • Assembly involves layering vinyl fabric, glass, sponge rubber, weights, and controlled oven conditions.
  • Inspection for marring, softening, or visible imprint after test completion.
• Nonquantitative Evaluation: The results are rated visually (no change, faint imprint, severe imprint, or marring), providing qualitative but highly reproducible assessments.
• Relevance of Fabric Age: It is recommended to use vinyl fabric samples that closely match the real-life age of materials to be coated to ensure reliable results.

Applications

• Product Development: Essential for manufacturers of vinyl-coated fabrics and their customers to select compatible coatings and avoid issues caused by plasticizer migration.
• Quality Control: Regular use of ASTM D2199 supports the screening of vinyl-coating combinations, preventing costly failures in post-production.
• Specification Compliance: Serves as a reference standard in supply agreements or regulatory documentation to demonstrate stability and compatibility of coated vinyl products.
• Performance Evaluation: Helps identify lacquer and coating formulations resistant to plasticizer-induced marring or softening, contributing to product longevity and customer satisfaction.

Related Standards

• ASTM D882 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting
• ASTM D1203 - Standard Test Method for Volatility of Plasticizers from Vinyl Chloride Plastics
• ASTM D3659 - Standard Guide for Failure Analysis of Coatings
• ISO 3895 - Determination of Plasticizer Content in Plastics
• ISO 22007-2 - Plastic Test Methods for Overall Material Compatibility

For more information on plasticizer migration, lacquer compatibility, or to obtain the full ASTM D2199-03(2021) standard, visit the ASTM International website.

Keywords: ASTM D2199, plasticizer migration, vinyl fabrics, lacquer compatibility, coating performance, accelerated test method, quality control, material compatibility

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2199 − 03 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Plasticizer Migration From Vinyl Fabrics to
Lacquers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2199; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope place, objectionable marring and softening occur. This test
method covers an accelerated test for measurement of this
1.1 This test method covers an accelerated test for the
tendency.
measurement of a tendency for plasticizers in finished vinyl
fabric to be transferred to coatings with which they come in
4. Apparatus
contact.
4.1 Drawdown Blade, 125-µm (5-mils) clearance to provide
NOTE 1—Age of fabric sample may affect results of test.To ensure most
a wet film of approximately 63 µm (2.5 mils) in thickness.
reliable results, test with fabric sample closest in age to what will be
coated.
4.2 Plate Glass Panels.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4.3 Window Glass, 51 by 51-mm (2 by 2-in.) square, double
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
strength.
only.
4.4 Sponge Rubber, 51 by 51-mm (2 by 2-in.) square by ⁄4
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
in. (6.3 mm) thick.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.5 Weights, flat-bottom, sufficient to place a total weight of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
910 g (2 lb) on each test sample.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.6 Forced-Convection Oven, thermostatically controlled to
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
62°C.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.7 Photograph Roller.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.8 Aluminum Foil.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5. Procedure
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 Apply the coating to the glass panel with the drawdown
2. Summary of Test Method
blade to provide a uniform film with an area of at least a
2.1 A small sample of vinyl fabric is placed on a condi- 51-mm (2-in.) square and a dry thickness of at least 25 µm (1
mil) or as agreed upon. Dry the coating in accordance with the
tioned coating film under a pressure of 3.45 kPa ( ⁄2 psi). The
recommendations of the manufacturer or for a minimum of 24
assembly is placed in an oven for 3 days at elevated tempera-
h at room temperature and2hat 50°C.
ture. At the end of that time, the coating is examined for
marring or softening. For coatings that may block or print at
5.2 Preheat the glass plate bearing the coating, the 51 by
50°C or lower, a lower test temperature and a longer test time
51-mm (2 by 2-in.) glass square, and the weights for 30 min at
may have to be used.
50°C. Place the square of vinyl fabric on the coating with care
and ensure intimate contact by rolling with the photographic
3. Significance and Use
roller. Cover the fabric with foil, sponge rubber, glass, and
3.1 Plasticizers in finished vinyl fabric can be transferred to
weight
...