ASTM A987-00
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Shape Characteristics of Tin Mill Products
Standard Test Method for Measuring Shape Characteristics of Tin Mill Products
SCOPE
1.1 Shape is a significant quality characteristic for tin mill products. Plate-shape is affected by mill process factors plus the temper, thickness and width of the material supplied. It is the purpose of this test method to define accurately the different plate shape characteristics and to describe the method(s) most commonly used to measure particular characteristics.
1.2 Quantitative limits are not addressed and should be established on an individual producer and use basis, where appropriate.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:A987–00
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Shape Characteristics of Tin Mill Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 987; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Classification
1.1 Shape is a significant quality characteristic for tin mill 3.1 The substrate shall conform to all the requirements of
products. Plate-shape is affected by mill process factors plus the appropriate specifications as follows: SpecificationsA 623,
the temper, thickness and width of the material supplied. It is A 623M, A 599/A 599M, A 624/A 624M, A 625/A 625M,
thepurposeofthistestmethodtodefineaccuratelythedifferent A 626/A 626M, A 650/A 650M, and A 657.
plate shape characteristics and to describe the method(s) most
4. Significance and Use
commonly used to measure particular characteristics.
1.2 Quantitative limits are not addressed and should be 4.1 The definitions and procedures for measuring shape
characteristics of tin mill products are provided so that pur-
established on an individual producer and user basis, where
appropriate. chasers and suppliers have common measuring procedures and
definitions of shape characteristics. These procedures provide
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility definitions and measuring techniques of shape characteristics.
Theintentionofthesedefinitionsandmeasuringmethodsisnot
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and to determine the applicability of regula- toprovideadimensionalspecificationforshapecharacteristics,
but rather common procedure(s) for quantifying shape anoma-
tory limitations prior to use.
lies.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Interferences
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 599/A 599M Specification for Tin Mill Products, Elec- 5.1 Measurementofshapeoftenhasbeensubjective,atbest.
Successful measurement of various shape anomalies on quan-
trolytic Tin Coated, Cold-Rolled Sheet
A 623 SpecificationforTinMillProducts,GeneralRequire- titative terms requires recognition of several factors that can
ments interfere with accurate measurements.
5.1.1 Flat surfaces are required. Measurement of several
A 623M Specification for Tin Mill Products, General Re-
quirements [Metric] anomalies require laying of the sample on a flat surface. A
machined flat surface is recommended. Laying a sample on a
A 624/A 624M Specification for Tin Mill Products, Elec-
trolytic Tin Plate, Single Reduced floor may introduce error due to areas on a floor that are not
flat.
A 625/A 625M Specification for Tin Mill Products, Black
Plate, Single Reduced 5.1.2 Several anomalies are measured by hanging the sheet.
Hanging by holding the sample with a hand can introduce error
A 626/A 626M Specification for Tin Mill Products, Elec-
trolytic Tin Plate Double Reduced from pressures exerted by fingers. A mechanical single device
clamp to help hold these samples is recommended.
A 650/A 650M Specification for Tin Mill Products, Black
Plate, Double Reduced 5.1.3 Stepblock gages or tapered gages should be checked
regularly with a calibrated hand micrometer. Wear or dirt build
A 657/A 657M Specification for Tin Mill Products, Black
Plate Electrolytic Chromium-Coated, Single and Double up could affect accuracy.
5.1.4 The Shapemastery table must be clean and the
Reduced
sensors must be in good condition. The sheet sample must be
damage free.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel, and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.20 on Tin Mill Products. Acontact or noncontact flatness measuring instrument, manufactured by SP&C
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2000. Published November 2000. Originally Computer Systems, Inc., 7292 Park Drive, Bath, PA18014. See Figs. 1 and 2 of the
published as A 987-98. Last previous edition A 987-98. noncontact,lasersensor,ShapemasterTL1000shapegageinuse.Otherinstruments
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.06. of appropriate design also may be used.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A987–00
6. Apparatus 7.3.1 Definition—Any overall deviation of a sheet from a
recognized flat surface occurring over a major portion of the
6.1 Appropriate tools to measure shape anomalies are de-
sheet width parallel to the rolling direction other than at the
scribed along with drawings (attached) as required.
sheet edges.
6.1.1 Flat Surfaces— Accurate measurements of shape
7.3.2 Measuring Methods:
anomalies require a flat surface, machined flat preferred.
7.3.2.1 Asheet sample of approximately 3 ft [0.9 m] by coil
6.1.2 Machined Stepblock Gage—See Fig. 3, typically,
steps are in ⁄16 -in. increments. width is placed on a flat table. Push material diagonally along
the sample to within 4 in. [10 cm] of the selected corner and
6.1.3 Tapered Gage— See Fig. 4.
measure the vertical uplift using a tapered gage or a stepblock
6.1.4 Standard Ruler or Tape Measure.
gage.
6.1.5 Hand Micrometer.
6.1.6 Shape Test Jig—Fig. 5, or other shape test jigs of 7.3.2.2 Shear through the center line of the shape anomaly
appropriate design. and measure as an edge wave using a tapered gage or a
6.1.7 Light-Weight Straight-Edge. stepblock gage.
6.1.8 The Shapemastery shape gage is a computer-based
7.3.2.3 Measure using the Shapemaster,y or other instru-
system designed for flatness measurements on samples of cold
ment of appropriate design.
rolled sheet products.The system consists of a large steel table,
7.4 Edge Lift (see Fig. 9):
computer-based operator’s console, and a motor-driven bridge
7.4.1 Definition—Any deviation of one sheet edge other
containing one or more LVDT position sensors to contact the
than a wavy edge. This edge lift is parallel to the rolling
strip or by use of a laser sensor, noncontact measuring system.
direction and rises when placed on a recognized flat surface.
7.4.2 Measuring Method— A sheet sample of approxi-
7. Procedure
mately 3 ft [0.9 m] by coil width is placed on a flat table. Push
material diagonally along the sheet to within 4 in. [10 cm] of
Definitions and Measuring Methods of Shape
the selected edge and measure the vertical distance ( A) with a
Anomalies
tapered gage, a stepblock gage, or a standard ruler.
7.1 Wavy Edge (See Fig. 6):
7.5 Coil Set and Reverse Coil Set (see Fig. 10):
7.1.1 Definition—A series of rolling direction edge devia-
7.5.1 Definition—Abow condition or deviation in the sheet
tions from a recognized flat surface. When a sample is placed
as measured from a recognized flat surface. The deviation runs
on a recognized flat table, wavy edges will appear as undula-
parallel with the rolling direction and takes the shape of a coil.
tions along the edge, having the height (A) and a measurable
Reverse coil set reverses the shape of a coil. The degree of coil
cycle (B). This defect can be quantified using the “I” unit (see
set usually is determined in a vertical, free-hanging position
Section 8) or steepness calculations.
when held against a straight-edge. Use of the shape test jig
7.1.2 Measuring Methods:
(Fig. 5) is highly recommended for this measurement.
7.1.2.1 Asample of approximately 3 ft [0.9 m] in length by
7.5.2 Measuring Methods:
coil width is placed on a flat table. Measure the height ( A)at
7.5.2.1 Asheet sample of approximately 3 ft [0.9 m] by coil
the peak point of each wave from the recognized flat surface
width should be held by a clamp or with the thumb and index
with a tapered gage or a stepblock gage. Also measure the
finger. Hold the sample in the center of the rolling direction
cycle length (B) from peak to peak of each wave with a ruler
dimension. Hold the sample’s edges against a recognized
or tape measure.
straight edge, and measure the deviation (A) from the edge to
7.1.2.2 Measure using the Shapemaster,y or other instru-
the center of the sample. Use a rule accurate to ⁄16 in. [or 1
ment of appropriate design.
mm].
7.2 Ridge Buckle, Quarter Buckle, Center Buckle (see Fig.
7.5.2.2 Measure the edge rise (A) of the sheet laying on a
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