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ASTM D5798-09a

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines

Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a fuel blend, nominally 75 to 85 volume % denatured fuel ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) and 25 to 15 additional volume % hydrocarbons for use in ground vehicles with automotive spark-ignition engines. Fuel ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) shall conform to the performance requirements prescribed. Fuel ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) shall be visually free of sediment and suspended matter. The hydrocarbon/aliphatic ether blend content, vapour pressure, acidity, pH requirements, gum content, inorganic chloride, water requirements, copper requirements, and sulphur requirements shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a fuel blend, nominally 75 to 85 volume % denatured fuel ethanol and 25 to 15 additional volume % hydrocarbons for use in ground vehicles with automotive spark-ignition engines. Appendix X1 discusses the significance of the properties specified.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Annex A1, of this specification.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2009
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.A0.02 - Oxygenated Fuels and Components
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5798-09 - Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-Mar-2009
Replaced By
ASTM D5798-09B - Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
15-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM D5191-22 - Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method)
Effective Date
01-Mar-2009
Referred By
ASTM D7577-12(2021) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Accelerated Iron Corrosion Rating of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Ethanol Fuel Blends
Effective Date
01-Mar-2009
Referred By
ASTM D5501-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethanol and Methanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20 % Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Mar-2009
Referred By
ASTM D8011-19 - Standard Specification for Natural Gasoline as a Blendstock in Ethanol Fuel Blends or as a Denaturant for Fuel Ethanol
Effective Date
01-Mar-2009
Referred By
ASTM D7923-19 - Standard Test Method for Water in Ethanol and Hydrocarbon Blends by Karl Fischer Titration
Effective Date
01-Mar-2009
Referred By
ASTM D7563-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Ability of Engine Oil to Emulsify Water and Simulated Ed85 Fuel
Effective Date
01-Mar-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6423-20a - Standard Test Method for Determination of pHe of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Ethanol Fuel Blends
Effective Date
01-Mar-2009
Referred By
ASTM D5797-21 - Standard Specification for Methanol Fuel Blends (M51–M85) for Methanol-Capable Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-Mar-2009
Referred By
ASTM D3120-08(2019) - Standard Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry
Effective Date
01-Mar-2009
Referred By
ASTM F2874-20 - Standard Specification for One Time Use Portable Emergency Fuel Containers (PEFC) for Use by Consumers
Effective Date
01-Mar-2009
Referred By
ASTM D7757-22 - Standard Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and Related Products by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
Effective Date
01-Mar-2009
Referred By
ASTM D86-23 - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
Effective Date
01-Mar-2009
Referred By
ASTM D7794-21 - Standard Practice for Blending Mid-Level Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Vehicles with Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
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ASTM D5798-09a - Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition EnginesASTM D5798-09a - Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 5798 – 09a
Standard Specification for
Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition
1
Engines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5798; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* and Related Products
D1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
1.1 This specification covers a fuel blend, nominally 75 to
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
85 volume % denatured fuel ethanol and 25 to 15 additional
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
volume % hydrocarbons for use in ground vehicles with
D2988 Test Methods for Water-Soluble Halide Ion in
automotive spark-ignition engines.Appendix X1 discusses the
Halogenated Organic Solvents and Their Admixtures
significance of the properties specified.
D3120 Test Method forTrace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
lometry
only.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
Petroleum Products
test method portion, Annex A1, of this specification.This
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
Petroleum Products
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
D4806 SpecificationforDenaturedFuelEthanolforBlend-
tions prior to use.
ing with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition
2. Referenced Documents Engine Fuel
2
D4814 SpecificationforAutomotiveSpark-IgnitionEngine
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Fuel
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,
Atmospheric Pressure
TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C to C Alco-
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from 1 4
hols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet
Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
Evaporation
D5190 Test Method forVapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
D512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In Water
ucts (Automatic Method)
D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline
D5191 Test Method forVapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
(Induction Period Method)
ucts (Mini Method)
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
(Lamp Method)
Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel
D1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and
Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,
D5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Content
of Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
D 5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is under the direct responsibility of
Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
Subcommittee D02.A0.01 on Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends.
D6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of Ethanol,
Current edition approved March 1, 2009. Published March 2009. Originally
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D5798–09.
Denatured Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
E203 TestMethodforWaterUsingVolumetricKarlFischer
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Titration
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. E1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 5798 – 09a
TABLE 1 Requirements for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)
Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
3
A
2.2 Government Standards: Properties Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
40 CFR Part 80 Code of Federal Regulations
Ethanol + higher alcohols, min, 79 74 70
vol
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D5798–09 Designation: D 5798 – 09a
Standard Specification for
Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition
1
Engines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5798; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 Thisspecificationcoversafuelblend,nominally75to85volume%denaturedfuelethanoland25to15additionalvolume
%hydrocarbonsforuseingroundvehicleswithautomotivespark-ignitionengines.AppendixX1discussesthesignificanceofthe
properties specified.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion,AnnexA1, of this specification. This standard
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
D512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In Water
D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method)
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)
D1613 Test Method forAcidity inVolatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint,Varnish, Lacquer, and Related
Products
D1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D2988 Test Methods for Water-Soluble Halide Ion in Halogenated Organic Solvents and Their Admixtures
D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine
Fuel
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C to C Alcohols in
1 4
Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
D5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Automatic Method)
D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)
D5453 TestMethodforDeterminationofTotalSulfurinLightHydrocarbons,SparkIgnitionEngineFuel,DieselEngineFuel,
and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
D5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Content of Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is under the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.A0.01 on Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends.
Current edition approved Jan. 15,March 1, 2009. Published FebruaryMarch 2009. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20072009 as
D5798–079.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 5798 – 09a
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of Ethanol, Denatured Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)
E203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration
E1064 Test Method for Water in Or
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which the vapor formed from a selected volume of volatile petroleum product saturated with air at 0 °C to 1 °C (32 °F to 34 °F) produces a pressure of 101.3 kPa (one atmosphere) against vacuum. This test method is applicable to samples for which the determined temperature is between 36 °C and 80 °C (97 °F and 176 °F) and the vapor-liquid ratio is between 8 to 1 and 75 to 1.
Note 1: When the vapor-liquid ratio is 20:1, the result is intended to be comparable to the results determined by Test Method D2533.
Note 2: This test method may also be applicable at pressures other than one atmosphere, but the stated precision may not apply.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to both gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends.  
1.2.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 °C to 1 °C. If a haze is observed in 12.5, it shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 12).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warnings, see Section 7 and subsection 8.1.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5001-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7398-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
1.2 The test method can also be applicable to blends of diesel and biodiesel (B1 through B100), however precision for these samples types has not been evaluated.  
1.3 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils).  
1.4 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160, especially the initial and final boiling points.  
1.5 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology. See Test Methods D2887, D6352, and D7213.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7484-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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