ASTM E169-16

Standard Practices for General Techniques of Ultraviolet-Visible Quantitative Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These practices are a source of general information on the techniques of ultraviolet and visible quantitative analyses. They provide the user with background information that should help ensure the reliability of spectrophotometric measurements.  
4.2 These practices are not intended as a substitute for a thorough understanding of any particular analytical method. It is the responsibility of the users to familiarize themselves with the critical details of a method and the proper operation of the available instrumentation.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices are intended to provide general information on the techniques most often used in ultraviolet and visible quantitative analysis. The purpose is to render unnecessary the repetition of these descriptions of techniques in individual methods for quantitative analysis.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2016
• ICS: 71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
• Technical Committee: E13 - Molecular Spectroscopy and Separation Science
• Drafting Committee: E13.01 - Ultra-Violet, Visible, and Luminescence Spectroscopy

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E169 − 16
Standard Practices for
General Techniques of Ultraviolet-Visible Quantitative
1
Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E169; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Practice
3.1 Quantitative ultraviolet and visible analyses are based
1.1 These practices are intended to provide general infor-
upontheabsorptionlaw,knownasBeer’slaw.Theunitsofthis
mation on the techniques most often used in ultraviolet and
law are defined in Terminology E131. Beer’s law (Note 1)
visible quantitative analysis. The purpose is to render unnec-
holds at a single wavelength and when applied to a single
essary the repetition of these descriptions of techniques in
component sample it may be expressed in the following form
individual methods for quantitative analysis.
(see Section 11):
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
A 5 abc (1)
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. Whenappliedtoamixtureof nnon-interactingcomponents,
it may be expressed as follows:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
A 5 a bc 1a bc 1….1a bc (2)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 1 1 2 2 n n
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
NOTE 1—Detailed discussion of the origin and validity of Beer’s law
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
maybefoundinthebooksandarticleslistedinthebibliographyattheend
of these practices.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2 This practice describes the application of Beer’s law in
2
typical spectrophotometric analytical applications. It also de-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
scribes operating parameters that must be considered when
E131Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
using these techniques.
E168Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quanti-
tative Analysis
4. Significance and Use
E275PracticeforDescribingandMeasuringPerformanceof
4.1 These practices are a source of general information on
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
the techniques of ultraviolet and visible quantitative analyses.
E387TestMethodforEstimatingStrayRadiantPowerRatio
Theyprovidetheuserwithbackgroundinformationthatshould
of Dispersive Spectrophotometers by the Opaque Filter
help ensure the reliability of spectrophotometric measure-
Method
ments.
E925Practice for Monitoring the Calibration of Ultraviolet-
Visible Spectrophotometers whose Spectral Bandwidth
4.2 These practices are not intended as a substitute for a
does not Exceed 2 nm
thorough understanding of any particular analytical method. It
E958Practice for Estimation of the Spectral Bandwidth of
is the responsibility of the users to familiarize themselves with
Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometers
the critical details of a method and the proper operation of the
available instrumentation.
5. Sample Preparation
1
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E13 on
Molecular Spectroscopy and Separation Science and are the direct responsibility of
5.1 Accurately weigh the specified amount of the sample
Subcommittee E13.01 on Ultra-Violet, Visible, and Luminescence Spectroscopy.
(solid or liquid). Dissolve in the appropriate solvent and dilute
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originally
tothespecifiedvolumeinvolumetricglasswareoftherequired
approvedin1960.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2014asE169–04(2014).DOI:
10.1520/E0169-16.
accuracy, ensuring that all appropriate temperature range
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
tolerancesaremaintained.Ifneeded,adilutionshouldbemade
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
with a calibrated pipet and volumetric flask, using adequate
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. volumes for accuracy. With the availability of moderin wide
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E169 − 16
NOTE 3—If the sample matrix includes fluorescent compounds, the
range electronic balances, (capable of reading kg quantities to
measured signal usually will contain a contribution from fluorescence.
four or five decimal places), gravimetric dilution should be
considered as a more accurate alternative to volumetric, if 7.2 Record the absorbance readings at the specified analyti-
available. Fill the absorption cell with the solution,
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E169 − 04 (Reapproved 2014) E169 − 16
Standard Practices for
General Techniques of Ultraviolet-Visible Quantitative
1
Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E169; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These practices are intended to provide general information on the techniques most often used in ultraviolet and visible
quantitative analysis. The purpose is to render unnecessary the repetition of these descriptions of techniques in individual methods
for quantitative analysis.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
E168 Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quantitative Analysis (Withdrawn 2015)
E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
E387 Test Method for Estimating Stray Radiant Power Ratio of Dispersive Spectrophotometers by the Opaque Filter Method
E925 Practice for Monitoring the Calibration of Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometers whose Spectral Bandwidth does not
Exceed 2 nm
E958 Practice for Estimation of the Spectral Bandwidth of Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometers
3. Summary of Practice
3.1 Quantitative ultraviolet and visible analyses are based upon the absorption law, known as Beer’s law. The units of this law
are defined in Terminology E131. Beer’s law (Note 1) holds at a single wavelength and when applied to a single component sample
it may be expressed in the following form (see Section 1011):
A 5 abc (1)
When applied to a mixture of n non-interacting components, it may be expressed as follows:
A 5 a bc 1a bc 1….1a bc (2)
1 1 2 2 n n
NOTE 1—Detailed discussion of the origin and validity of Beer’s law may be found in the books and articles listed in the bibliography at the end of
these practices.
3.2 This practice describes the application of Beer’s law in typical spectrophotometric analytical applications. It also describes
operating parameters that must be considered when using these techniques.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 These practices are a source of general information on the techniques of ultraviolet and visible quantitative analyses. They
provide the user with background information that should help ensure the reliability of spectrophotometric measurements.
1
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E13 on Molecular Spectroscopy and Separation Science and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
E13.01 on Ultra-Violet, Visible, and Luminescence Spectroscopy.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2014April 1, 2016. Published August 2014May 2016. Originally approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 as
E169 – 04(2009).(2014). DOI: 10.1520/E0169-04R14.10.1520/E0169-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E169 − 16
4.2 These practices are not intended as a substitute for a thorough understanding of any particular analytical method. It is the
responsibility of the users to familiarize themselves with the critical details of a method and the proper operation of the available
instrumentation.
5. Sample Preparation
5.1 Accurately weigh the specified amount of the sample (solid or liquid). Dissolve in the appropriate solvent and dilute to the
specified volume in volumetric glassware of the required accuracy, ensuring that all appropriate temperature range tolerances are
maintained. If needed, a dilution should be made with a calibrated pipet and volumetric flask, using adequate volumes for accuracy.
With the av
...