ASTM A802/A802M-95(2001)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Steel Castings, Surface Acceptance Standards, Visual Examination
Standard Practice for Steel Castings, Surface Acceptance Standards, Visual Examination
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the acceptance criteria for the surface inspection of steel castings by visual examination. Four levels of acceptance standards are provided.
1.2 Acceptance levels utilize Steel Castings Research and Trade Association (SCRATA) graded reference comparators for the visual determination of surface texture, surface roughness, and surface discontinuities described as follows: Acceptance levels A--Surface Texture
B--Nonmetallic Inclusions
C--Gas Porosity
D--Solidification Discontinuities
E--Sand Expansion Discontinuities
F--Metal Inserts
G--Thermally Cut Surfaces
H--Mechanically Prepared Surfaces
J--Welded Surfaces
1.3 Descriptions of terms related to casting discontinuities are in Section 2.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:A802/A802M–95(Reapproved 2001)
Standard Practice for
Steel Castings, Surface Acceptance Standards, Visual
Examination
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 802/A 802M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2.1.1.2 rat tails, n—long, narrow, linear depressions or
small steps occurring on a casting surface. Rat tails form as a
1.1 This practice covers the acceptance criteria for the
result of sand expansion and minor buckling of the mold
surfaceinspectionofsteelcastingsbyvisualexamination.Four
surface during filling of the mold with liquid metal.
levels of acceptance standards are provided.
2.1.1.3 scab, n—a raised, rough area on a casting that
1.2 Acceptance levels utilize Steel Castings Research and
2 usually consists of a crust of metal covering a layer of sand.
Trade Association (SCRATA) graded reference comparators
Sometimes, a scab consists of a raised, rough area of essen-
for the visual determination of surface texture, surface rough-
tially solid metal on the surface of a casting.
ness, and surface discontinuities described as follows:
2.1.2 external chills:
Acceptance levels
2.1.2.1 external chills, n—usually metal blocks, or graphite
A—Surface Texture
and carbon blocks, that are incorporated into the mold to
B—Nonmetallic Inclusions
locally increase the rate of heat removal during solidification.
C—Gas Porosity
Brackets have the same purpose but represent an integral part
D—Solidification Discontinuities
of the casting. Brackets are produced by providing suitable
E—Sand Expansion Discontinuities
cavities in the mold or core. External chills may produce flat
F—Metal Inserts
spots and edges (raised areas or depressions) on the casting
G—Thermally Cut Surfaces
surface. Brackets merely change the casting appearance due to
H—Mechanically Prepared Surfaces
their presence. Brackets may be removed or allowed to remain
J—Welded Surfaces
on the casting.
1.3 Descriptions of terms related to casting discontinuities
2.1.2.2 parting line and core print fins, n—thin projections
are in Section 2.
of excess metal at the parting plane between mold halves or
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
core and mold. Causes are improper closing of the mold,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
insufficient weighting or clamping of the mold for pouring, or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
uneven pattern surfaces at the matching locations. Core print
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
fins are usually caused by improper dimensions of core prints
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ofthepatternorcorebox,byroughplacementofcoresinasoft
2. Terminology mold, or by inadequately secured cores.
2.1.3 fusion discontinuities:
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2.1.3.1 wrinkles, n—elongated, smooth depressions of the
2.1.1 expansion discontinuities:
casting surface, frequently appearing in closely spaced groups.
2.1.1.1 veins, n—raised, narrow, linear ridges that form
Wrinkles result from irregularities of the liquid metal flow in
upon cracking of the sand mold or core due to expansion of
the mold cavity, frequently associated with low temperature,
sandandtheresultingmoldorcorestressesduringfillingofthe
and are distinguished from the more severe phenomenon of
mold with liquid steel.
laps, folds, or cold shuts where the casting surface is actually
folded over.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
2.1.3.2 laps, folds, and cold shuts, n—interchangeable
Stainless Steel, and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
terms to describe the appearance of the casting surface that is
A01.18 on Castings.
actually folded over. They develop due to low temperature,
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1995. Published November 1995. Originally
published as A 802 – 82. Last previous edition A 802/A 802M – 89. unfavorable flow conditions caused by oxide films, or combi-
Available from The Castings Development Centre, 7 East Bank Road,
nations thereof.
Sheffield, UK S2 3PT.
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A802/A802M–95 (2001)
2.1.3.3 misrun, n—an incompletely formed casting, due to a mixture of low-melting oxides and partially fused sand. The
only partial filling of the mold cavity when the liquid metal crater-like appearance of the casting surface depression is
solidifies prematurely. The resulting casting appearance is typical.
characterized by rounded edges, for a mild degree of misrun. 2.1.8.2 Depressions on the casting surface caused by slag
Irregular, malformed edges of more severe misruns, and not are similar to those caused by ceroxides. They differ by a more
fully formed castings, are characteristic. Frequently, misruns rounded appearance of the depression and do not exhibit the
are associated with such discontinuities as wrinkles or laps a
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