iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D7717-11(2017)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Preparing Volumetric Blends of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Gasoline Blendstocks for Laboratory Analysis

Standard Practice for Preparing Volumetric Blends of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Gasoline Blendstocks for Laboratory Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Typically, denatured fuel ethanol is added to gasoline blendstocks after production. For laboratories to test a sample that is similar to the finished fuel available in the market, it is important to provide a laboratory practice that standardizes the preparation of a blend of denatured fuel ethanol and gasoline blendstock.  
5.2 The laboratory blend shall be prepared volumetrically to yield a fuel similar to that produced for consumer use.  
5.3 When applicable, blends shall meet requirements of CFR 40.80, Subpart D—Reformulated Gasoline.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers and provides instructions on making a volumetric blend of denatured fuel ethanol with gasoline blendstocks, such as a reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) or a conventional gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (CBOB).  
1.2 This practice does not preclude the use of automated volumetric blending systems.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2017
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.04.0A - Preparation of Standard Hydrocarbon Blends
Current Stage
Ref Project

Buy Standard

ASTM D7717-11(2017) - Standard Practice for Preparing Volumetric Blends of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Gasoline Blendstocks for Laboratory AnalysisASTM D7717-11(2017) - Standard Practice for Preparing Volumetric Blends of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Gasoline Blendstocks for Laboratory Analysis
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM D7717-11(2017) - Standard Practice for Preparing Volumetric Blends of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Gasoline Blendstocks for Laboratory Analysis
English language
3 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview
REDLINE ASTM D7717-11(2017) - Standard Practice for Preparing Volumetric Blends of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Gasoline Blendstocks for Laboratory AnalysisREDLINE ASTM D7717-11(2017) - Standard Practice for Preparing Volumetric Blends of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Gasoline Blendstocks for Laboratory Analysis
PreviousNext
Standard
REDLINE ASTM D7717-11(2017) - Standard Practice for Preparing Volumetric Blends of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Gasoline Blendstocks for Laboratory Analysis
English language
3 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7717 − 11 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Practice for
Preparing Volumetric Blends of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and
1
Gasoline Blendstocks for Laboratory Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7717; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope hols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
D5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol and
1.1 This practice covers and provides instructions on mak-
Methanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20%
ing a volumetric blend of denatured fuel ethanol with gasoline
Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
blendstocks, such as a reformulated gasoline blendstock for
D5599 Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates in
oxygenate blending (RBOB) or a conventional gasoline blend-
Gasoline by Gas Chromatography and Oxygen Selective
stock for oxygenate blending (CBOB).
Flame Ionization Detection
1.2 This practice does not preclude the use of automated 3
2.2 Federal Standard:
volumetric blending systems.
CFR 40.80 Title 40 —Protection of Environment, Chapter
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
1—Environmental Protection Agency (continued), Part
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
80—Regulation of Fuels and FuelAdditives, Subpart D—
standard.
Reformulated Gasoline
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 denaturants, n—materials added to ethanol to make it
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. unsuitable for beverage use under a formula approved by a
regulatory agency to prevent the imposition of beverage
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- alcohol tax. D4806
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.2 denatured fuel ethanol, n—fuel ethanol made unfit for
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
beverage use by the addition of denaturants under formula(s)
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
approved by the applicable regulatory agency to prevent the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
imposition of beverage alcohol tax. D4806
3.1.3 gasoline, n—volatile mixture of liquid hydrocarbons,
2. Referenced Documents
generally containing small amounts of additives, suitable for
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
use as a fuel in spark-ignition, internal combustion engines.
D4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blend-
D4814
ing with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition
3.1.4 gasoline-alcohol blend, n—fuel consisting primarily
Engine Fuel
of gasoline along with a substantial amount (more than 0.35 %
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine
by mass oxygen or more than 0.15 % by mass oxygen if
Fuel
methanol is the only oxygenate) of one or more alcohols.
D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,
D4814
TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C to C Alco-
1 4
3.2 Abbreviations:
3.2.1 CBOB—conventional gasoline blendstock for oxygen-
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
ate blending.
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee D02.04.0A on Preparation of Standard Hydrocarbon Blends.
3.2.2 RBOB—reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygen-
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2017.PublishedJuly2017.Originallyapproved
ate blending.
in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D7717 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/
D7717-11R17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
the ASTM website. www.access.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7717 − 11 (2017)
4. Summary of Practice 7.7 Perform the following actions as efficiently as possible
to minimize vapor loss and temperature increase.
4.1 Aspecific measured volume of denatured fuel ethanol is
blended with a gasoline blendstock to achieve a final blend of
7.8 Depending on the volume of denatured ethanol needed
a predetermined
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7717 − 11 D7717 − 11 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Practice for
Preparing Volumetric Blends of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and
1
Gasoline Blendstocks for Laboratory Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7717; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers and provides instructions on making a volumetric blend of denatured fuel ethanol with gasoline
blendstocks, such as a reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) or a conventional gasoline blendstock for
oxygenate blending (CBOB).
1.2 This practice does not preclude the use of automated volumetric blending systems.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C to C Alcohols in
1 4
Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
D5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol and Methanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20% Ethanol by Gas
Chromatography
D5599 Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography and Oxygen Selective Flame
Ionization Detection
3
2.2 Federal Standard:
CFR 40.80 Title 40 —Protection of Environment, Chapter 1—Environmental Protection Agency (continued), Part 80—
Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives, Subpart D— Reformulated Gasoline
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 denaturants, n—materials added to ethanol to make it unsuitable for beverage use under a formula approved by a
regulatory agency to prevent the imposition of beverage alcohol tax. D4806
3.1.2 denatured fuel ethanol, n—fuel ethanol made unfit for beverage use by the addition of denaturants under formula(s)
approved by the applicable regulatory agency to prevent the imposition of beverage alcohol tax. D4806
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.04.0A on Preparation of Standard Hydrocarbon Blends.
Current edition approved June 1, 2011May 1, 2017. Published August 2011July 2017. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D7717 – 11.
DOI: 10.1520/D7717–11.10.1520/D7717-11R17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.access.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7717 − 11 (2017)
3.1.3 gasoline, n—volatile mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, generally containing small amounts of additives, suitable for use as
a fuel in spark-ignition, internal combustion engines. D4814
3.1.4 gasoline-alcohol blend, n—fuel consisting primarily of gasoline along with a substantial amount (more than 0.35 0.35 %
by mass % oxygen or more than 0.15 0.15 % by mass % oxygen if methanol is the only oxygenate) of one or more alcohols. D4814
3.2 Abbreviations:
3.2.1 CBOB—conventional gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending.
3.2.2 RBOB—reformulated gasoline blendstock f
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D3701-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as smoke point (see Test Method D1322), smoke volatility index, aromatic content of luminometer number (see Test Method D1740). Evidence is accumulating that a better control of the quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen content of the fuel.  
5.2 Existing methods allow the hydrogen content to be calculated from other parameters or determined by combustion techniques. The method specified provides a quick, simple, and more precise alternative to these methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels.  
1.2 Use Test Methods D4808 or D7171 for the determination of hydrogen in other petroleum liquids.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The preferred units are mass percent hydrogen.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 7.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7826-23b(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluation of New Aviation Gasolines and New Aviation Gasoline Additives

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is intended for the developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives to describe the data requirements necessary to support the development of specifications for these new products by ASTM members. The ultimate goal of the data generated in accordance with this guide is to provide an understanding of the performance of the new fuel or additive within the property constraints and compositional bounds of the proposed specification criteria.  
5.2 This guide is not an approval process. It is intended to describe test and analysis requirements necessary to generate data to support specification development. This guide does not address the approval process for ASTM International standards.  
5.3 This guide will reduce the uncertainty and risk to developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives by describing the test and analysis requirements necessary to proceed with the development of an ASTM International specification for aviation gasoline or specification revision for an aviation gasoline additive. There are certain sections within this guide that do not specify an exact number of data points required. For example, 6.2.4.3 requires viscosity to be measured from freezing point to room temperature; 6.2.4.4, 6.2.4.5, and 6.3.2.3 require measurements over the operating temperature range; 6.3.2.4 and 6.3.2.5 require measurements versus temperature. In these cases, the developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives should attempt to generate data close to the upper and lower boundaries indicated. If no boundary is specified (for example, generate data versus temperature), then data at the widest practical test limits should be generated. A minimum of three data points is required in all cases (for example, upper, middle, lower), while five or more data points are preferred.  
5.4 This guide does not purport to specify an all-inclusive listing of test and analysis requirements to achieve ASTM International approval ...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for new aviation gasolines or new aviation gasoline additives.  
1.2 This data is intended to be used by the ASTM subcommittee to make a determination of the suitability of the fuel for use as an aviation fuel in either a fleet-wide or limited capacity, and to make a determination that the proposed properties and criteria in the associated standard specification provide the necessary controls to ensure this fuel maintains this suitability during high-volume production.  
1.3 These research reports are intended to support the development and issuance of new specifications or specification revisions for these products. Guidance to develop ASTM International standard specifications for aviation gasoline is provided in Subcommittee J on Aviation Fuels Operating Procedures, Annex A6, “Guidelines for the Development and Acceptance of a New Aviation Fuel Specification for Spark-Ignition Reciprocating Engines.”  
1.4 The procedures, tests, selection of materials, engines, and aircraft detailed in this guide are based on industry expertise to give appropriate data for review. Because of the diversity of aviation hardware and potential variation in fuel/additive formulations, not every aspect may be encompassed and further work may be required. Therefore, additional data beyond that described in this guide may be requested by the ASTM task force, Subcommittee J, or Committee D02 upon review of the specific composition, performance, or other characteristics of the candidate fuel or additive.  
1.5 While it is beyond the scope of this guide, investigation of the future health and environmental impacts of the new aviation gasoline or new aviation gasoline additive and the requirements of environmental agencies is recommended.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.6.1 Exception—Some industry standard methodologies uti...

  • Guide
    27 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    27 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D3242-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine Fuel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some acids can be present in aviation turbine fuels due either to the acid treatment during the refining process or to naturally occurring organic acids. Significant acid contamination is not likely to be present because of the many check tests made during the various stages of refining. However, trace amounts of acid can be present and are undesirable because of the consequent tendencies of the fuel to corrode metals that it contacts or to impair the water separation characteristics of the aviation turbine fuel.  
5.2 This test method is designed to measure the levels of acidity that can be present in aviation turbine fuel and is not suitable for determining significant acid contamination.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the acidity in aviation turbine fuel in the range from 0.000 mg/g to 0.100 mg/g KOH.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D8252-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Vanadium and Nickel in Crude and Residual Oil by X-ray Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a rapid and precise elemental measurement with simple sample preparation. Typical analysis times are approximately 4 min to 5 min per sample with a preparation time of approximately 1 min to 3 min per sample.  
5.2 The quality of crude oil is related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of the vanadium and nickel concentration is necessary for processing purposes as well as contractual agreements.  
5.3 The presence of vanadium and nickel presents significant risks for contamination of the cracking catalysts in the refining process.  
5.4 This test method provides a means of determining whether the vanadium and nickel content of crude meets the operational limits of the refinery and whether the metal content will have a deleterious effect on the refining process or when used as a fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of total vanadium and nickel in crude and residual oil in the concentration ranges shown in Table 1 using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.  
1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for the compensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting the vanadium and nickel X-rays. For measurement of sulfur by standard test method use Test Methods D4294, D2622 or other suitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residual oils.  
1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7754-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Oxygenates in Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The analysis of trace oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition engine fuel has become routine in certain areas to ensure compliance whenever oxygenated fuels are used. In addition, test methods to measure trace levels of oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition fuel are necessary to assess product quality.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of trace oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition engine fuel. The method used is a multidimensional gas chromatographic method using 1,2-dimethoxy ethane as the internal standard. The oxygenates that are analyzed are: methyl-tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl-tertiary butyl ether (ETBE), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), methanol, tertiary-amyl methyl ether (TAME), n-propanol, i-propanol, n-butanol, i-butanol, tert-butyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, and tert-pentanol. Ethanol is usually not measured as a trace oxygenate since ethanol can be used as the main oxygenate compound in finished automotive spark-ignition fuels such as reformulated automotive spark-ignition fuels. The concentration range of the oxygenates covered in the ILS study was from 10 mg/kg to 2000 mg/kg. In addition this method is also suitable for the measurement of the C5 isomeric alcohols (2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-2-butanol) present from the fermentation of ethanol.  
1.2 The ethanol blending concentration for which this test method applies ranges from 1 % to 15% by volume. Higher concentrations of ethanol coelute with methanol in the analytical column. Lower levels of ethanol, similar to the other oxygenate, can be calibrated and analyzed also. If higher ethanol concentrations are expected, the window cutting technique can be used to avoid ethanol from entering the analytical column and interfere with the determination of the other oxygenates of interest. Refer to Appendix X1 for details.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3.1 Alternative units, in common usage, are also provided to increase clarity and aid the users of this test method.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    18 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    18 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4808-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Hydrogen Content of Light Distillates, Middle Distillates, Gas Oils, and Residua by Low-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The hydrogen content represents a fundamental quality of a petroleum product that has been correlated with many of the performance characteristics of that product.  
5.2 This test method provides a simple and more precise alternative to existing test methods, specifically combustion techniques (Test Methods D5291) for determining the hydrogen content on a range of petroleum products.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the hydrogen content of petroleum products ranging from atmospheric distillates to vacuum residua using a continuous wave, low-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. (Test Method D3701 is the preferred method for determining the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.)  
1.2 Three test methods are included here that account for the special characteristics of different petroleum products and apply to the following distillation ranges:    
Test Method  
Petroleum Products  
Boiling Range, °C (°F)
(approximate)  
A  
Light Distillates  
15–260 (60–500)  
B  
Middle Distillates  
200–370 (400–700)  
Gas Oils  
370–510 (700–950)  
C  
Residua  
510+ (950+ )  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The preferred units are mass %.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7.2 and 7.4.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D5188-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature Determination of Fuels (Evacuated Chamber and Piston Based Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.  
5.2 Automotive fuel specifications generally include
T(V/L = 20) limits to ensure products of suitable volatility performance. For high ambient temperatures, a fuel with a high value of T(V/L = 20), indicating a fuel with a low tendency to vaporize, is generally specified; conversely for low ambient temperatures, a fuel with a low value of T(V/L = 20) is specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which the vapor formed from a selected volume of volatile petroleum product saturated with air at 0 °C to 1 °C (32 °F to 34 °F) produces a pressure of 101.3 kPa (one atmosphere) against vacuum. This test method is applicable to samples for which the determined temperature is between 36 °C and 80 °C (97 °F and 176 °F) and the vapor-liquid ratio is between 8 to 1 and 75 to 1.
Note 1: When the vapor-liquid ratio is 20:1, the result is intended to be comparable to the results determined by Test Method D2533.
Note 2: This test method may also be applicable at pressures other than one atmosphere, but the stated precision may not apply.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to both gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends.  
1.2.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 °C to 1 °C. If a haze is observed in 12.5, it shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 12).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warnings, see Section 7 and subsection 8.1.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D5001-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7398-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
1.2 The test method can also be applicable to blends of diesel and biodiesel (B1 through B100), however precision for these samples types has not been evaluated.  
1.3 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils).  
1.4 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160, especially the initial and final boiling points.  
1.5 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology. See Test Methods D2887, D6352, and D7213.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7484-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    29 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    29 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off