ASTM E165/E165M-23
(Practice)Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing for General Industry
Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing for General Industry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Liquid penetrant testing methods indicate the presence, location, and to a limited extent, the nature and magnitude of the detected discontinuities. Each of the various penetrant methods has been designed for specific uses such as critical service items, volume of parts, portability, or localized areas of examination. The method selected will depend accordingly on the design and service requirements of the parts or materials being tested.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice2 covers procedures for penetrant examination of materials. Penetrant testing is a nondestructive testing method for detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, shrinkage, laminations, through leaks, or lack of fusion and is applicable to in-process, final, and maintenance examinations. It can be effectively used in the examination of nonporous, metallic materials, ferrous and nonferrous metals, and of nonmetallic materials such as nonporous glazed or fully densified ceramics, as well as certain nonporous plastics, and glass.
1.2 This practice also provides a reference:
1.2.1 By which a liquid penetrant examination process recommended or required by individual organizations can be reviewed to ascertain its applicability and completeness.
1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specifications and procedures dealing with the liquid penetrant testing of parts and materials. Agreement by the customer requesting penetrant testing is strongly recommended. All areas of this practice may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization.
1.2.3 For use in the organization of facilities and personnel concerned with liquid penetrant testing.
1.3 This practice does not indicate or suggest criteria for evaluation of the indications obtained by penetrant testing. It should be pointed out, however, that after indications have been found, they must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separate code, standard, or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, and direction of indications considered acceptable, and those considered unacceptable.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E165/E165M − 23
Standard Practice for
1
Liquid Penetrant Testing for General Industry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E165/E165M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
2
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
1.1 This practice covers procedures for penetrant examina-
conformance with the standard.
tion of materials. Penetrant testing is a nondestructive testing
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
method for detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, shrinkage, laminations,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
through leaks, or lack of fusion and is applicable to in-process,
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
final, and maintenance examinations. It can be effectively used
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
in the examination of nonporous, metallic materials, ferrous
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
and nonferrous metals, and of nonmetallic materials such as
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
nonporous glazed or fully densified ceramics, as well as certain
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
nonporous plastics, and glass.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2 This practice also provides a reference:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2.1 By which a liquid penetrant examination process
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
recommended or required by individual organizations can be
reviewed to ascertain its applicability and completeness.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specifications and
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
procedures dealing with the liquid penetrant testing of parts
D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
and materials. Agreement by the customer requesting penetrant
eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
testing is strongly recommended. All areas of this practice may
D329 Specification for Acetone
be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering
D770 Specification for Isopropyl Alcohol
organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
cognizant engineering organization.
1.2.3 For use in the organization of facilities and personnel D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
High Temperature Combustion and Infrared (IR) Detec-
concerned with liquid penetrant testing.
tion or Thermal Conductivity Detection (TCD)
1.3 This practice does not indicate or suggest criteria for
D4327 Test Method for Anions in Water by Suppressed Ion
evaluation of the indications obtained by penetrant testing. It
Chromatography
should be pointed out, however, that after indications have
D6919 Test Method for Determination of Dissolved Alkali
been found, they must be interpreted or classified and then
and Alkaline Earth Cations and Ammonium in Water and
evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separate code,
Wastewater by Ion Chromatography
standard, or a specific agreement to define the type, size,
E433 Reference Photographs for Liquid Penetrant Inspec-
location, and direction of indications considered acceptable,
tion
and those considered unacceptable.
E516 Practice for Testing Thermal Conductivity Detectors
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
Used in Gas Chromatography
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
Testing
E1208 Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing
1 Using the Lipophilic Post-Emulsification Process
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.03 on Liquid
Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods.
Current edition approved July 1, 2023. Published August 2023. Originally
3
approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as E165/E165M – 18. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
DOI: 10.1520/E0165_E0165M-23. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E165/E165M − 18 E165/E165M − 23
Standard Practice for
1
Liquid Penetrant Testing for General Industry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E165/E165M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This practice covers procedures for penetrant examination of materials. Penetrant testing is a nondestructive testing method
for detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, shrinkage, laminations, through
leaks, or lack of fusion and is applicable to in-process, final, and maintenance examinations. It can be effectively used in the
examination of nonporous, metallic materials, ferrous and nonferrous metals, and of nonmetallic materials such as nonporous
glazed or fully densified ceramics, as well as certain nonporous plastics, and glass.
1.2 This practice also provides a reference:
1.2.1 By which a liquid penetrant examination process recommended or required by individual organizations can be reviewed to
ascertain its applicability and completeness.
1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specifications and procedures dealing with the liquid penetrant testing of parts and
materials. Agreement by the customer requesting penetrant testing is strongly recommended. All areas of this practice may be open
to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering
organization.
1.2.3 For use in the organization of facilities and personnel concerned with liquid penetrant testing.
1.3 This practice does not indicate or suggest criteria for evaluation of the indications obtained by penetrant testing. It should be
pointed out, however, that after indications have been found, they must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this
purpose there must be a separate code, standard, or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, and direction of
indications considered acceptable, and those considered unacceptable.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from
the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.03 on Liquid Penetrant
and Magnetic Particle Methods.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2018July 1, 2023. Published January 2019August 2023. Originally approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 20122018 as
E165/E165M – 12.E165/E165M – 18. DOI: 10.1520/E0165_E0165M-18.10.1520/E0165_E0165M-23.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Recommended Test Method SE-165 in the Code.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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E165/E165M − 23
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
D329 Specification for Acetone
D770 Specification for Isopropyl Alcohol
D808 Test Method for Chlorine in New and Used Petroleum Products (High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
4
(Withdrawn 2021)
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by High Temperature Combustion and Infrared (IR) Detection or Thermal
Conductivity Detect
...
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