ASTM E2975-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Calibration of Concentric Cylinder Rotational Viscometers
Standard Test Method for Calibration of Concentric Cylinder Rotational Viscometers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used to calibrate a rotational viscometer and its associated rotational element.
5.2 The apparent viscosity (η) of a test specimen may then be obtained using Eq 4:
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the calibration (or performance validation) of rotational viscometers in which the rotational element is immersed in the test fluid under ambient temperature conditions. It is not intended for cone-and-plate or parallel plate viscometers.
1.2 Calibration shall be performed with Newtonian reference materials using experimental conditions, such as temperature, viscosity range and shear rate (rotational speed), as close as practical to those to be used for measurement of test specimens.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3.1 Common viscosity units of Poise (P) are related to the SI units by the equivalency 1 cP = 1 mPa·s.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E2975 − 15
Standard Test Method for
1
Calibration of Concentric Cylinder Rotational Viscometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope including Newtonian, non-Newtonian, stress, strain,
viscometer, viscometry, and viscosity.
1.1 This test method describes the calibration (or perfor-
mance validation) of rotational viscometers in which the 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
rotational element is immersed in the test fluid under ambient
3.2.1 apparent viscosity (η), n—viscosity determined by this
temperature conditions. It is not intended for cone-and-plate or test method.
parallel plate viscometers.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Because the velocity gradient in this
test method may not be the same at all points of the rotational
1.2 Calibration shall be performed with Newtonian refer-
element for non-Newtonian fluids, the result determined may
ence materials using experimental conditions, such as
notbethetrueviscosity.Therefore,theviscositydeterminedby
temperature, viscosity range and shear rate (rotational speed),
this test method is called the “apparent viscosity.”
as close as practical to those to be used for measurement of test
specimens.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.1 An element is rotated in a Newtonian fluid at a known
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
(or measured) speed. The viscous drag experienced by the
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
immersed element is measured (or known) as a torque.
tion only and are not considered standard.
Viscosity may then be determined from these properties
1.3.1 Common viscosity units of Poise (P) are related to the
(torque and rotational speed) and the dimensions of the
SI units by the equivalency 1 cP = 1 mPa·s.
rotational element by equations such as Eq 1 and 2.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
η 5 9.55 E τ S ⁄ ώ (1)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2 2 2 2
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
S 5 @~r 2 r ! ⁄ ~4 π r r L!# (2)
c g c g
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
where:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
η = viscosity (Pa·s),
2. Referenced Documents
ώ = rotational speed (r/min),
2
E = calibration coefficient (dimensionless),
2.1 ASTM Standards:
τ = torque (N·m),
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
-3
S = rotational element factor (mm ) supplied by the appa-
ology
ratus vendor,
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
L = length of the cylindrically shaped rotational element
E1970 PracticeforStatisticalTreatmentofThermoanalytical
(mm),
Data
r = radius of the cylindrically shaped rotational element
g
(m), and
3. Terminology
r = radius of the cylindrically shaped container (m).
c
3.1 Definitions—Specific technical terms used in this test
2
NOTE 1—1 Pa = 1 N/m ; 1 cP = 1 mPa·s; 1 r/min = 0.1047 rad/s.
method are described in Terminologies E473 and E1142
4.2 Calibration of a viscometer and its associated rotational
element may be achieved by comparing the viscosity indicated
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E37 on Thermal
by the apparatus with the known viscosity of a calibration fluid
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.08 on Rheol-
ogy.
as their product using Eq 3, under experimental conditions
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015. Published October 2015. Originally
used in measuring an unknown fluid:
approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E2975 – 14. DOI:
10.1520/E2975-15.
E 5 η ⁄ η (3)
t o
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM where:
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
η = the viscosity of the calibration fluid (Pa·s), and
t
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2975 − 15
6.1.11 Auxiliary instrumentation considered necessary or
η = the viscosity indicated by the apparatus (Pa·s).
o
useful in conducting this test method includes:
6.1.11.1 Data analysis capability to provide viscosity, stress
5. Significance and Use
or other useful quantities derived from measured signals.
5.1 This test method may be used to calibrate a rotationa
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2975 − 14 E2975 − 15
Standard Test Method for
1
Calibration of Concentric Cylinder Rotational Viscometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes the calibration (or performance validation) of rotational viscometers in which the rotational
element is immersed in the test fluid under ambient temperature conditions. It is not intended for cone-and-plate or parallel plate
viscometers.
1.2 Calibration shall be performed with Newtonian reference materials using experimental conditions, such as temperature,
viscosity range and shear rate (rotational speed), as close as practical to those to be used for measurement of test specimens.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions
to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3.1 Common viscosity units of Poise (P) are related to the SI units by the equivalency 1 cP = 1 mPa·s.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
E1970 Practice for Statistical Treatment of Thermoanalytical Data
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Specific technical terms used in this test method are described in Terminologies E473 and E1142 including
Newtonian, non-Newtonian, stress, strain, viscometer, viscometry, and viscosity.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 apparent viscosity (η), n—viscosity determined by this test method.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.08 on Rheology.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2014Sept. 1, 2015. Published August 2014October 2015. Originally approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E2975
– 14. DOI: 10.1520/E2975-14.10.1520/E2975-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
Because the velocity gradient in this test method may not be the same at all points of the rotational element for non-Newtonian
fluids, the result determined may not be the true viscosity. Therefore, the viscosity determined by this test method is called the
“apparent viscosity.”
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 An element is rotated in a Newtonian fluid at a known (or measured) speed. The viscous drag experienced by the immersed
element is measured (or known) as a torque. Viscosity may then be determined from these properties (torque and rotational speed)
and the dimensions of the rotational element by equations such as Eq 1 and 2.
η 5 E τ S ⁄ ώ 5 9.55 E τ S ⁄ ν (1)
η 5 9.55 E τ S ⁄ ώ (1)
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2975 − 15
2 2 2 2
S 5 r 2 r ⁄ 4 r r L (2)
@~ ! ~ !#
c g c g
2 2 2 2
S 5 @ r 2 r ! ⁄ ~4 π r r L!# (2)
~
c g c g
where:
η = viscosity (Pa·s),
ώ = rotational speed (revolutions/min),
ώ = rotational speed (r/min),
E = calibration coefficient (dimensionless),
τ = torque (N·m),
-3
S = rotational element factor (mm ) supplied by the apparatus vendor,
L = length of the cylindrically shaped rotational element (mm),
r = radius of the cylindrically shaped rotational element (mm),
g
r = radius of the cylindrically shaped rotational element (m), and
g
r = radius of the cylindrically shaped container (mm), and
c
r = radius of the cylindrically shaped container (m).
c
ν = rotational speed (rad/s).
2
NOTE 1—1 Pa = 1 N/m ; 1 cP = 1 mPa·s; 1 rev/minr/min = 0.1047 rad/s.
4.2 Calibration of a viscometer and its associated rotational element may be achieved by comparing the
...
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