ASTM C1749-17a
(Guide)Standard Guide for Measurement of the Rheological Properties of Hydraulic Cementious Paste Using a Rotational Rheometer
Standard Guide for Measurement of the Rheological Properties of Hydraulic Cementious Paste Using a Rotational Rheometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Rheological properties determined using this guide include plastic viscosity and yield stress as defined by the Bingham model and apparent viscosity.
4.2 Rheological properties provide information about the workability of hydraulic cementitious paste. As an example, the yield stress and plastic viscosity indicate the behavior of a specific cement paste composition. As another example, the apparent viscosity indicates what energy is required to move the suspension at a given strain rate. This test may be used to measure flowability of a cement paste or the influence of a specific material or combination of materials on flowability.
4.3 Rheological properties may be sensitive to the procedure being used. This guide describes procedures that are expected to provide reproducible results.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers description of several methods to measure the rheological properties of fresh hydraulic cement paste. All methods are designed to determine the yield stress and plastic viscosity of the material using commercially available instruments and the Bingham model. Knowledge of these properties gives useful information on performance of cement pastes in concrete.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1749 − 17a
Standard Guide for
Measurement of the Rheological Properties of Hydraulic
1
Cementious Paste Using a Rotational Rheometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1749; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This guide covers description of several methods to
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
measure the rheological properties of fresh hydraulic cement
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
paste. All methods are designed to determine the yield stress
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
and plastic viscosity of the material using commercially
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
available instruments and the Bingham model. Knowledge of
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
these properties gives useful information on performance of
C1738 Practice for High-Shear Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
cement pastes in concrete.
Pastes
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E2975 Test Method for Calibration or Calibration Verifica-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
tion of Concentric Cylinder Rotational Viscometers
standard.
2.2 Other Standards:
API Recommended Practice 10B Testing Well Cements,
1.3 This guide offers an organized collection of information
American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC (1997)
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
ISO10426-2(2003) PetroleumandNaturalGasIndustries—
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
Cements and Materials for Well Cementing—Part 2:
experience and should be used in conjunction with professional
Testing of Well Cements—Section 5.2
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
3. Terminology
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
method, refer to Terminology C125 and C219.
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
3,4
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
document means only that the document has been approved
3.2.1 apparent viscosity, n—the shear stress divided by rate
through the ASTM consensus process.
of shear, in units of Pa.s.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 plastic viscosity, n—in the plastic (Bingham) model,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the slope of the shear stress – shear rate curve, in units of Pa.s.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.3 thixotropy, n—a decrease of the apparent viscosity
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
under constant shear stress or shear rate followed by a gradual
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
recovery when the stress or shear rate is removed.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.4 yield stress, n—the stress corresponding to the transi-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
tion from elastic to plastic deformation, in units of Pa; it is also
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
referred to as the stress needed to initiate flow. It would be
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
calculated using the Bingham model in this guide.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and the ASTM website.
3
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.22 on Workability. H.A. Barnes, J.F. Hutton and K.Walters,An Introduction to Rheology, Elsevier
Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Originally (1989).
4
approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as C1749 – 17. DOI: Hackley V.A., Ferraris C.F., “The Use of Nomenclature in Dispersion Science
10.1520/C1749-17A. and Technology” NIST Recommended Practice Guide, SP 960-3, 2001.
*A Summary of Changes section
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1749 − 17 C1749 − 17a
Standard Guide for
Measurement of the Rheological Properties of Hydraulic
1
Cementious Paste Using a Rotational Rheometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1749; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This guide covers description of several methods to measure the rheological properties of fresh hydraulic cement paste. All
methods are designed to determine the yield stress and plastic viscosity of the material using commercially available instruments
and the Bingham model. Knowledge of these properties gives useful information on performance of cement pastes in concrete.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course
of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace
the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the
document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic
Cements and Concretes
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical Testing of
Hydraulic Cements
C1738 Practice for High-Shear Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes
E2975 Test Method for Calibration or Calibration Verification of Concentric Cylinder Rotational Viscometers
2.2 Other Standards:
API Recommended Practice 10B Testing Well Cements, American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC (1997)
ISO 10426-2 (2003) Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries—Cements and Materials for Well Cementing—Part 2: Testing of
Well Cements—Section 5.2
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology C125 and C219.
3,4
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.22 on Workability.
Current edition approved March 15, 2017May 1, 2017. Published March 2015May 2017. Originally approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 20122017 as
C1005 – 12.C1749 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/C1749-17.10.1520/C1749-17A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
H.A. Barnes, J.F. Hutton and K. Walters, An Introduction to Rheology, Elsevier (1989).
4
Hackley V.A., Ferraris C.F., “The Use of Nomenclature in Dispersion Science and Technology” NIST Recommended Practice Guide, SP 960-3, 2001.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C1749 − 17a
3.2.1 apparent viscosity, n—the shear stress divided by rate of shear, in units of Pa.s.
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