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ASTM E1824-09e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Assignment of a Glass Transition Temperature Using Thermomechanical Analysis: Tension Method

Standard Test Method for Assignment of a Glass Transition Temperature Using Thermomechanical Analysis: Tension Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The glass transition is dependent on the thermal history, softening agents or additives of the material to be tested. For amorphous and semicrystalline materials the assignment of a glass transition temperature may lead to important information about thermal history, processing conditions, stability, progress of chemical reactions, and mechanical and electrical behavior.
Thermomechanical analysis provides a rapid means of detecting changes in hardness or linear dimensional change associated with the glass transition. Dimensional changes measured as a specimen is heated over the Tg region may include the interaction of several effects: an increase in the coefficient of expansion, a decrease in the modulus, which under a constant stress leads to increased extension, stress relief leading to irreversible dimensional change (shrinkage in one dimension, expansion in another dimension), and physical aging effects which change the kinetics of the dimensional change.
This test method is useful for research and development, quality control, and specification acceptance testing; particularly of films and fibers.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the assignment of a glass transition temperature of materials on heating using thermomechanical measurements.
1.2 This test method may be used as a complement to Test Method E1545 and is applicable to amorphous or to partially crystalline materials in the form of films, fibers, wires, etc. that are sufficiently rigid to inhibit extension during loading at ambient temperature.
1.3 The generally applicable temperature range for this test method is −100 to 600°C. This temperature range may be altered depending upon the instrumentation used.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 There is no ISO method equivalent to this method.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2009
ICS
17.200.10 - Heat. Calorimetry
Technical Committee
E37 - Thermal Measurements
Drafting Committee
E37.10 - Fundamental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1824-09 - Standard Test Method for Assignment of a Glass Transition Temperature Using Thermomechanical Analysis: Tension Method
Effective Date
01-Sep-2009
Replaced By
ASTM E1824-13 - Standard Test Method for Assignment of a Glass Transition Temperature Using Thermomechanical Analysis: Tension Method
Effective Date
01-Aug-2013

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ASTM E1824-09e1 - Standard Test Method for Assignment of a Glass Transition Temperature Using Thermomechanical Analysis: Tension MethodASTM E1824-09e1 - Standard Test Method for Assignment of a Glass Transition Temperature Using Thermomechanical Analysis: Tension Method
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ASTM E1824-09e1 - Standard Test Method for Assignment of a Glass Transition Temperature Using Thermomechanical Analysis: Tension Method
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: E1824 − 09
StandardTest Method for
Assignment of a Glass Transition Temperature Using
1
Thermomechanical Analysis: Tension Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1824; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Added research report information to Section 13 editorially in September 2010.
1. Scope E1970PracticeforStatisticalTreatmentofThermoanalytical
Data
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the assignment
E2602Test Method for theAssignment of the Glass Transi-
of a glass transition temperature of materials on heating using
tion Temperature by Modulated Temperature Differential
thermomechanical measurements.
Scanning Calorimetry
1.2 This test method may be used as a complement to Test
Method E1545 and is applicable to amorphous or to partially
3. Terminology
crystallinematerialsintheformoffilms,fibers,wires,etc.that
3.1 Definitions:
are sufficiently rigid to inhibit extension during loading at
3.1.1 The following terms are applicable to this test method
ambient temperature.
and can be found in Terminology E473 and Terminology
1.3 The generally applicable temperature range for this test
E1142: thermomechanical analysis (TMA), thermodilatometry,
method is −100 to 600°C. This temperature range may be
glass transition, glass transition temperature.
altered depending upon the instrumentation used.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
4.1 Thistestmethodusesthermomechanicalanalysisequip-
standard.
ment (thermomechanical analyzer, dilatometer, or similar de-
vice)withthetestspecimenintensiontodeterminethechange
1.5 There is no ISO method equivalent to this method.
in dimension of a thin specimen observed when the material is
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
subjectedtoaconstantheatingratethroughtheglasstransition
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
region. This change in dimension associated with the change
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
from vitreous solid to amorphous liquid is observed as move-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
mentofasensingprobeindirectcontactwiththespecimenand
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
isrecordedasafunctionoftemperature.Theintersectionofthe
extrapolation of the slope of the probe displacement curve
2. Referenced Documents
before and after the transition is used to determine a tempera-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ture that is assigned as the glass transition temperature.
E473Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
ology
5. Significance and Use
E1142Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
5.1 The glass transition is dependent on the thermal history,
E1545Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition
softening agents or additives of the material to be tested. For
Temperature by Thermomechanical Analysis
amorphous and semicrystalline materials the assignment of a
glass transition temperature may lead to important information
aboutthermalhistory,processingconditions,stability,progress
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE37onThermal
of chemical reactions, and mechanical and electrical behavior.
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on
Fundamental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties.
5.2 Thermomechanical analysis provides a rapid means of
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published February 2010. Originally
detecting changes in hardness or linear dimensional change
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1824–08. DOI:
10.1520/E1824-09E01.
associated with the glass transition. Dimensional changes
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
measured as a specimen is heated over the T region may
g
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
include the interaction of several effects: an increase in the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. coefficient of expansion, a decrease in the modulus, which
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
E1824 − 09
under a constant stress leads to increased extension, stress 7.1.1.7 Means of Providing a Specimen Environment, of an
relief leading to irreversible dimensional change (shrinkage in inertgasatapurgerateof10to50mL/min
...

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