ASTM D2122-98
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
Standard Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of diameter, wall thickness, and length dimensions of thermoplastic pipe. Included are procedures for measurement of the inside diameter of pipe intended to be joined by internal fittings, measurement of the average outside diameter for roundable pipe where out-of-roundness is not of primary concern, out-of-roundness measurement and measurement of the average outside diameter of non-roundable pipe, and for determining length and straightness.
1.2 This test method also includes procedures for dimensioning molded thermoplastic pipe fittings.
1.3 The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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An American National Standard
Designation: D 2122 – 98
Standard Test Method for
Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and
Fittings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2122; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope B 2.1 Pipe Threads (Except Dryseal)
1.1 This test method covers the determination of diameter,
3. Terminology
wall thickness, and length dimensions of thermoplastic pipe.
3.1 Definitions:
Included are procedures for measurement of the inside diam-
3.1.1 General—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
eter of pipe intended to be joined by internal fittings, measure-
nology F 412, unless otherwise specified.
ment of the average outside diameter for roundable pipe where
3.1.2 deviation from straightness—the maximum deviation
out-of-roundness is not of primary concern, out-of-roundness
from a straight line exhibited by a pipe specimen divided by the
measurement and measurement of the average outside diameter
length of the specimen.
of non-roundable pipe, and for determining length and straight-
3.1.3 nonroundable pipe—pipe made from a material hav-
ness.
ing a tensile or flexural modulus of elasticity of 150 000 psi
1.2 This test method also includes procedures for dimen-
(103 MPa) or greater, as determined by Test Method D 638 or
sioning molded thermoplastic pipe fittings.
D 790, and in addition, having an outside diameter/wall thick-
1.3 The values given in parentheses are provided for infor-
ness ratio of less than 20.
mation purposes only.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The above definitions apply to thermo-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
plastic pipe and are based on the ability or inability of a pipe
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
to round out when forced into a tapered socket.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.4 roundable pipe—(a) pipe made from material having
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
a tensile or flexural modulus of elasticity less than 150 000 psi
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(103 MPa) as determined by Test Method D 638 or D 790; and
2. Referenced Documents (b) pipe made from a material having a tensile or flexural
modulus of elasticity of 150 000 psi (103 MPa) or greater, as
2.1 ASTM Standards:
determined by Test Method D 638 or D 790, and in addition,
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
having an outside diameter/wall thickness ratio of 20 or
Insulating Materials for Testing
2 greater.
D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
3.1.5 socket bottom—the point at which the pipe stop
D 790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
radius intersects wall.
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
als
4. Summary of Test Method
F 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
4.1 Alternate Methods—Alternate methods and procedures
F 1498 Specification for Taper Pipe Threads (60°) for Ther-
3 for obtaining dimensions (such as apparatus and procedures
moplastic Pipe and Fittings
using laser, electronic, nuclear, ultrasonic, or other means) are
2.2 ANSI Standard:
not prohibited.
4.1.1 The user of an alternate method shall validate the
alternate method. The alternate method is validated when both
the product is measured according to the Apparatus and
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
Precedure sections presented in this Test Method, and when
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on Test
found to be in compliance with product specifications.
Methods.
Current edition approved April 10, 1997. Published November 1997. Originally
published as D 2122 – 62 T. Last previous edition D 2122 – 95.
2 4
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 2122 – 98
NOTE 1—Validation of the alternate method is a necessary step in A 2 B
E 5 100 (1)
ensuring compliance with product specifications. Validation generally
A
involves statistical analysis of data generated using the alternate method.
At a minimum, the analysis should include calculating 99 % confidence where:
limits and verifying that these limits are within the product specification A = maximum wall thickness at any cross section, and
tolerances. For guidance on this type of analysis, the user should consult
B = minimum wall thickness at any cross section.
the Manual on Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis.
7.4 Report—Report the following information:
4.1.2 Compliance with product specifications shall be based
7.4.1 Observed minimum and maximum wall thicknesses,
on the measuring apparatus and procedures in this Method.
7.4.2 Calculated average wall thickness, and
While alternate methods are not prohibited, the measuring
7.4.3 Calculated wall thickness range in percent.
apparatus and procedure in this Method shall be the referee
method.
8. Inside Diameter Measurement of Roundable Pipe
8.1 Apparatus—Depending on the requirements, the fol-
5. Significance and Use
lowing apparatus shall be used:
5.1 This Test Method provides for determining the physical
8.1.1 Tapered Plug Gage, for checking conformance to an
dimensions of thermoplastic pipe and fittings. This test method
average inside diameter tolerance, having uniform taper of
is suitable for determination of dimensional compliance with
1:100 and accurate to within 6 1 % of its taper and to within
product specifications.
6 0.001 in. (6 0.02 mm) of its diameter. For each given pipe
size and tolerance specification, a mandrel shall be scribed at
6. General
the diameters representing the minimum and maximum allow-
6.1 Specimen Preparation—Pipe specimens shall be cleanly able inside pipe diameters. To aid rounding, a 45° by ⁄8-in.
cut and burrs removed. Some materials, such as polyolefin (3-mm) face bevel shall be provided on the entrance end of the
plastics, may undergo dimensional change near cut ends due to
gage.
internal stresses. When this condition is noted, care shall be
NOTE 3—Where internal stresses cause change in dimension at the cut
taken to make measurements at a location which is not so
end of pipe, tapered plug or sleeve gage measurements may give
affected.
misleading results.
6.2 Conditioning—Condition the test specimens at 73.4 6
8.1.2 Metal Rule (if it is desired to determine the actual
3.6°F (23 6 2°C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not less
average inside diameter) with at least 0.01-in. (0.2-mm)
than 40 h prior to test in accordance with Procedure A of
graduations.
Methods D 618, for those tests where conditioning is required.
8.2 Procedure:
6.3 Test Conditions—Conduct tests in the Standard Labora-
8.2.1 Cut the end of the pipe square and remove burrs. Insert
tory Atmosphere of 73.4 6 3.6°F (23 6 2°C) and 50 6 5%
the plug gage into the pipe, causing it to round out but not to
relative humidity, unless otherwise specified in the test meth-
expand. Observe whether the end of the pipe falls between the
ods or in this test method.
scribed diameters.
8.2.2 In cases of disagreement between the purchaser and
7. Wall Thickness—Pipe and Fittings
the seller, the proper insertion distance as indicated in 8.1.1
7.1 Apparatus—A cylindrical or ball anvil tubing microme-
shall be defined as that point where an internal light source is
ter accurate to within 6 0.001 in. (6 0.02 mm) shall be used
just occluded.
for wall thickness measurements.
8.2.3 If the actual average inside diameter is required,
NOTE 2—Care should be taken to avoid excessive closure pressure
measure the distance from the maximum scribed diameter to
when using ball anvil micrometers which may compress the specimen and
the end of the pipe,
give falsely low readings. Care should be taken to avoid misalignment of
8.3 Calculations—Calculate the average inside diameter as
the anvil with the longitudinal axis of the specimen when using cylindrical
follows:
anvil micrometers which may bridge specimen surface curvature or
indentations and give falsely high readings.
d 5 d 2 kl (2)
m
7.2 Procedure—Make a series of measurements at closely
where:
spaced intervals to ensure that the minimum and maximum
d = average inside diameter, in. (or mm),
wall thicknesses have been determined. Make a minimum of
d = maximum scribed diameter, in. (or mm),
m
eight measurements.
k = taper of plug gage, in. (or mm) of diameter per in. (or
7.3 Calculation:
mm) of length, and
7.3.1 Calculate the average wall thickness by taking the
l = distance from maximum scribed diameter to end of
average of all values measured.
pipe, in. (or mm).
7.3.2 Calculate the wall thickness range, E, as a percent, as
8.4 Report—Report the following information:
follows:
8.4.1 When determining conformance to tolerances, report
whether the average inside diameter is less than the minimum,
greater than the maximum, or within the allowable limits as
5 indicated by the position of the scribed diameters with respect
Committee E-11 on Quality and Statistics, Manual on Presentation of Data and
Control Chart Analysis, Chapter 2, ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA, 1990, p. 38. to the end of the pipe.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 2122 – 98
8.4.2 If the actual average inside diameter is required, the 9.3.1 When determining conformance to tolerances with the
result of the calculation in 8.3, as well as the values used in the tapered sleeve gage, report whether the average outside diam-
calculation, shall be reported. The average inside diameter may eter is less than the minimum, greater than the maximum, or
also be calculated as described in 10.5. within the allowable limits as indicated by the position of the
pipe end with respect to the ends of the tapered sleeve gage.
9. Outside Diameter and Out-of-Roundness
9.3.2 When determining conformance to tolerances with the
Measurement of Roundable Pipe
sleeve window gage, report whether the average outside
diameter is less than the minimum, greater than the maximum,
9.1 Apparatus—Depending on the requirements, the fol-
or within the allowable limits with respect to the minimum and
lowing apparatus shall be used:
maximum scribed marks.
9.1.1 Flat-Anvil Micrometer or Vernier Calipers, accurate to
9.3.3 If required, report the average outside diameter as
60.001 in. (60.02 mm).
observed in 9.2.3 with the circumferential wrap tape.
9.1.2 Tapered Sleeve Gage, for checking conformance to an
average outside diameter tolerance of roundable pipe, accurate 9.3.4 When determining conformance to outside diameter
tolerances with a flat anvil micrometer or caliper, report the
within 61 % of its taper and6 0.001 in. (60.02 mm) of its
diameter. For a given pipe size and tolerance specification, the minimum diameter, the maximum diameter, and, if required,
the average diameter calculated by taking the average of all
entrance diameter shall be the maximum allowable average
outside pipe diameter, while the inside diameter at the opposite diameters measured.
end shall correspond to the minimum allowable average
NOTE 5—The actual average outside diameter determined using a
outside pipe diameter. To aid rounding, a 45° by ⁄8-in. (3-mm)
circumferential wrap tape is preferred to averaging micrometer diameter
face bevel shall be provided on the entrance end of the gage.
measurements.
9.1.3 Alternatively, a sleeve window gage, made to the
9.3.5 When determining conformance to out-of-roundness
tolerances given in 9.1.2 may be used. The window shall
tolerances with a flat anvil micrometer or caliper, report
extend beyond the two scribed marks which shall represent the
whether the measurements were made with or without a
minimum and maximum permitted diameters. See the Discus-
rounding device, and the difference between the minimum and
sion under 3.1.5.
maximum diameters as the out-of-roundness.
NOTE 4—This gage may also be marked to enable actual average
9.3.6 If required, report the percent ovality which is calcu-
outside diameters to be read directly.
lated by dividing the out-of-roundness by the average diameter,
9.1.4 Circumferential Wrap Tape, if the actual value of the
as determined in 9.2.3 or 9.3.4, and multiplying by 100.
average outside diameter is desired, calibrated in terms of pipe
9.3.7 When determining conformance to tolerances with the
diameter with 0.01-in. (0.2-mm) graduations, or a vernier wrap
out-of-roundness gage, report whether the pipe exceeds out-
tape, with 0.001-in. (0.02-mm) graduations when greater
of-roundness tolerance or is within the allowable limits as
precision is required.
indicated by the gage.
9.1.5 Out-of-Roundness Gage—A rigid plate, about ⁄4 in. (6
mm) thick, bored with a circular hole to the maximum
10. Out-of-Roundness and Average Outside and Inside
permitted diameter allowed for out-of-roundness, accurate to
Diameter of Non-Roundable Pipe and Fittings
60.001 in. (60.02 mm), may be used to determine conform-
10.1 Apparatus:
ance to the out-of-round requirement.
10.1.1 A flat-anvil micrometer or vernier caliper accurate to
9.2 Procedure:
within 60.001 in. (60.02 mm).
9.2.1 Flat-Anvil Micrometer or Vernier Caliper—Take a
10.1.2 Out-of-Roundness Gage—A rigid plate, about ⁄4 in.
series of diameter measurements at closely spaced intervals to
(6 mm) thick, bored with a circular hole to the maximum
ensure that the minimum and maximum diameters have been
permitted diameter allowed for out-of-roundness, accurate to
determined. Make a minimum of six measurements.
60.001 in. (60.02 mm), may be used to determine conform-
9.2.2 Sleeve Gages—Cut the end of the pipe square and
ance to the out-of-round requirement.
remove burrs. Insert the pipe into the sleeve gage and observe
10.1.3 Circumferential Wrap Tape, if the actual value of the
the position of the end with respect to the ends of the tapered
average outside diameter is desired, calibrated in terms of pipe
sleeve gage or the posit
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