ASTM D4340-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Corrosion of Cast Aluminum Alloys in Engine Coolants Under Heat-Rejecting Conditions
Standard Test Method for Corrosion of Cast Aluminum Alloys in Engine Coolants Under Heat-Rejecting Conditions
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
It is essential that engine coolants prevent heat-transfer corrosion of aluminum cylinder heads during engine operation. Any corrosion products formed may deposit on interior radiator surfaces, reducing heat-transfer efficiency of the radiator. Overheating and boil-over of the cooling system may then occur.
This test method provides a means for selectively screening unused engine coolants and will readily distinguish those coolants that are unsuitable for use with aluminum cylinder head engines. However, satisfactory performance of a coolant in this test method does not ensure adequate long-term service performance. Additional, more comprehensive evaluations with simulated service, dynamometer, and vehicle tests should be used to establish the long-term effectiveness of the coolant.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory screening procedure for evaluating the effectiveness of engine coolants in combating corrosion of aluminum casting alloys under heat-transfer conditions that may be present in aluminum cylinder head engines.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Sections 11 and 12.
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Designation: D4340 − 10
Standard Test Method for
Corrosion of Cast Aluminum Alloys in Engine Coolants
1
Under Heat-Rejecting Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4340; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope tor surfaces, reducing heat-transfer efficiency of the radiator.
Overheating and boil-over of the cooling system may then
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory screening proce-
occur.
dure for evaluating the effectiveness of engine coolants in
combating corrosion of aluminum casting alloys under heat-
4.2 This test method provides a means for selectively
transfer conditions that may be present in aluminum cylinder
screening unused engine coolants and will readily distinguish
head engines.
those coolants that are unsuitable for use with aluminum
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
cylinder head engines. However, satisfactory performance of a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
coolant in this test method does not ensure adequate long-term
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
service performance.Additional, more comprehensive evalua-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tions with simulated service, dynamometer, and vehicle tests
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
should be used to establish the long-term effectiveness of the
tionary statements are given in Sections 11 and 12.
coolant.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Apparatus
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Heat-Transfer Corrosion Cell—The assembled corro-
D1176Practice for Sampling and Preparing Aqueous Solu-
sioncellisshownschematicallyinFig.1.Itisassembledfrom
tionsofEngineCoolantsorAntirustsforTestingPurposes
components, some of which require glass blowing or machin-
ing. The glass O-ring cell shall be constructed from two glass
3. Summary of Test Method
3
O-ring joints joined to an additional middle section of glass
3.1 In this test method, a heat flux is established through a
4
tubing of the same diameter to make a total length of 53 cm
cast aluminum alloy typical of that used for engine cylinder
5
(21in.).Heat-resistantO-rings shallbeused.Internalpressure
heads while exposed to an engine coolant under a pressure of
6
shall be monitored using a suitable pressure gage, and a
193 kPa (28 psi). The temperature of the aluminum specimen
7
pressure-relief valve shall be installed to protect against
is maintained at 135°C (275°F) and the test is continued for 1
bursting.
week (168 h). The effectiveness of the coolant for preventing
corrosion of the aluminum under heat-transfer conditions 5.1.1 The top assembly plate (shown in Fig. 2) shall be
constructed of stainless steel, and the heat-transfer bar and
(hereafterreferredtoasheat-transfercorrosion)isevaluatedon
the basis of the weight change of the test specimen. bottom assembly plate (also illustrated in Fig. 2) shall prefer-
ably be constructed of stainless steel. Mild steel may be used
4. Significance and Use
for the heat-transfer bar and bottom assembly plate.
4.1 It is essential that engine coolants prevent heat-transfer
corrosionofaluminumcylinderheadsduringengineoperation.
Any corrosion products formed may deposit on interior radia-
3
Corning 6780, No. 40 Pyrex Brand O-ring joints have been found satisfactory.
Equivalent O-ring joints with a low coefficient of expansion may be used.
4
Pyrex Brand Glass, a trademark of Corning Glass Works, with a standard wall
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D15 on Engine thicknessof2.0mmhasbeenfoundsatisfactory.Equivalenthigh-strengthglasswith
Coolants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.06 on Glassware a low coefficient of expansion may be used.
5
Performance Tests. Viton, a trademark of E.I. duPont de Nemours and Co., Inc. has been found
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Last previous satisfactory.SiliconeO-ringsmayalsobesatisfactory.Polytetrafluoroethyleneisnot
edition approved in 2007 as D4340–96(2007). DOI: 10.1520/D4340-10. suitable due to a high creep rate at the test temperature.
2 6
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Ametek, U.S. Gauge Division, Model E-82 has been found satisfactory. An
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM equivalent pressure gage may be used.
7
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Nupro, Catalog No. SS-4CPA2-3 has been found satisfactory. An equivalent
the ASTM website. pressure relief v
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4340–96 (Reapproved 2007) Designation: D4340 – 10
Standard Test Method for
Corrosion of Cast Aluminum Alloys in Engine Coolants
1
Under Heat-Rejecting Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4340; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory screening procedure for evaluating the effectiveness of engine coolants in combating
corrosion of aluminum casting alloys under heat-transfer conditions that may be present in aluminum cylinder head engines.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Sections 11 and 12.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1176 Practice for Sampling and Preparing Aqueous Solutions of Engine Coolants or Antirusts for Testing Purposes
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 In this test method, a heat flux is established through a cast aluminum alloy typical of that used for engine cylinder heads
while exposed to an engine coolant under a pressure of 193 kPa (28 psi).The temperature of the aluminum specimen is maintained
at 135°C (275°F) and the test is continued for 1 week (168 h). The effectiveness of the coolant for preventing corrosion of the
aluminum under heat-transfer conditions (hereafter referred to as heat-transfer corrosion) is evaluated on the basis of the weight
change of the test specimen.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 It is essential that engine coolants prevent heat-transfer corrosion of aluminum cylinder heads during engine operation.Any
corrosion products formed may deposit on interior radiator surfaces, reducing heat-transfer efficiency of the radiator. Overheating
and boil-over of the cooling system may then occur.
4.2 This test method provides a means for selectively screening unused engine coolants and will readily distinguish those
coolants that are unsuitable for use with aluminum cylinder head engines. However, satisfactory performance of a coolant in this
test method does not ensure adequate long-term service performance.Additional, more comprehensive evaluations with simulated
service, dynamometer, and vehicle tests should be used to establish the long-term effectiveness of the coolant.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Heat-Transfer Corrosion Cell—The assembled corrosion cell is shown schematically in Fig. 1. It is assembled from
components, some of which require glass blowing or machining. The glass O-ring cell shall be constructed from two glass O-ring
3 4
joints joined to an additional middle section of glass tubing of the same diameter to make a total length of 53 cm (21 in.).
5 6
Heat-resistant O-rings shall be used. Internal pressure shall be monitored using a suitable pressure gage, and a pressure-relief
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on Engine Coolants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.06 on Glassware
Performance Tests.
Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published May 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D4340–96(2001). DOI: 10.1520/D4340-96R07.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4340 – 96(2007). DOI: 10.1520/D4340-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Corning 6780, No. 40 Pyrex Brand O-ring joints have been found satisfactory. Equivalent O-ring joints with a low coefficient of expansion may be used.
4
Pyrex Brand Glass, a trademark of Corning Glass Works, with a standard wall thickness of 2.0 mm has been found satisfactory. Equivalent high-strength glass with a
low coefficient of expansion may be used.
5
Viton, a trademark of E.I. duPont de Nemours and Co., Inc. has been found satisfactory. Silicone O-rings may also be satisfactory. Polytetrafluoroethylene is not suitable
due to a high creep rate at the test temperature.
6
Ametek, U.S. Gauge Division, Model E-82 has been fo
...
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