ASTM D4340-96(2007)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Corrosion of Cast Aluminum Alloys in Engine Coolants Under Heat-Rejecting Conditions
Standard Test Method for Corrosion of Cast Aluminum Alloys in Engine Coolants Under Heat-Rejecting Conditions
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
It is essential that engine coolants prevent heat-transfer corrosion of aluminum cylinder heads during engine operation. Any corrosion products formed may deposit on interior radiator surfaces, reducing heat-transfer efficiency of the radiator. Overheating and boil-over of the cooling system may then occur.
This test method provides a means for selectively screening unused engine coolants and will readily distinguish those coolants that are unsuitable for use with aluminum cylinder head engines. However, satisfactory performance of a coolant in this test method does not ensure adequate long-term service performance. Additional, more comprehensive evaluations with simulated service, dynamometer, and vehicle tests should be used to establish the long-term effectiveness of the coolant.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory screening procedure for evaluating the effectiveness of engine coolants in combating corrosion of aluminum casting alloys under heat-transfer conditions that may be present in aluminum cylinder head engines.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Sections 11 and 12.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D4340–96 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Method for
Corrosion of Cast Aluminum Alloys in Engine Coolants
Under Heat-Rejecting Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4340; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Any corrosion products formed may deposit on interior radia-
tor surfaces, reducing heat-transfer efficiency of the radiator.
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory screening proce-
Overheating and boil-over of the cooling system may then
dure for evaluating the effectiveness of engine coolants in
occur.
combating corrosion of aluminum casting alloys under heat-
4.2 This test method provides a means for selectively
transfer conditions that may be present in aluminum cylinder
screening unused engine coolants and will readily distinguish
head engines.
those coolants that are unsuitable for use with aluminum
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
cylinder head engines. However, satisfactory performance of a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
coolant in this test method does not ensure adequate long-term
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
service performance. Additional, more comprehensive evalua-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tions with simulated service, dynamometer, and vehicle tests
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
should be used to establish the long-term effectiveness of the
tionary statements are given in Sections 11 and 12.
coolant.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Apparatus
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Heat-Transfer Corrosion Cell—The assembled corro-
D1176 Practice for Sampling and Preparing Aqueous Solu-
sion cell is shown schematically in Fig. 1. It is assembled from
tions of Engine Coolants orAntirusts for Testing Purposes
components, some of which require glass blowing or machin-
3. Summary of Test Method ing. The glass O-ring cell shall be constructed from two glass
O-ring joints joined to an additional middle section of glass
3.1 In this test method, a heat flux is established through a
tubing of the same diameter to make a total length of 53 cm
cast aluminum alloy typical of that used for engine cylinder
(21 in.). Heat-resistant O-rings shall be used. Internal pressure
heads while exposed to an engine coolant under a pressure of
shall be monitored using a suitable pressure gage, and a
193 kPa (28 psi). The temperature of the aluminum specimen
pressure-relief valve shall be installed to protect against
is maintained at 135°C (275°F) and the test is continued for 1
bursting.
week (168 h). The effectiveness of the coolant for preventing
5.1.1 The top assembly plate (shown in Fig. 2) shall be
corrosion of the aluminum under heat-transfer conditions
constructed of stainless steel, and the heat-transfer bar and
(hereafterreferredtoasheat-transfercorrosion)isevaluatedon
bottom assembly plate (also illustrated in Fig. 2) shall prefer-
the basis of the weight change of the test specimen.
ably be constructed of stainless steel. Mild steel may be used
4. Significance and Use
for the heat-transfer bar and bottom assembly plate.
4.1 It is essential that engine coolants prevent heat-transfer
corrosion of aluminum cylinder heads during engine operation. 3
Corning 6780, No. 40 Pyrex Brand O-ring joints have been found satisfactory.
Equivalent O-ring joints with a low coefficient of expansion may be used.
Pyrex Brand Glass, a trademark of Corning Glass Works, with a standard wall
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D15 on Engine thicknessof2.0mmhasbeenfoundsatisfactory.Equivalenthigh-strengthglasswith
Coolants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.06 on Glassware a low coefficient of expansion may be used.
Performance Tests. Viton, a trademark of E.I. duPont de Nemours and Co., Inc. has been found
Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published May 2007. Last previous satisfactory.SiliconeO-ringsmayalsobesatisfactory.Polytetrafluoroethyleneisnot
edition approved in 2001 as D4340 – 96(2001). DOI: 10.1520/D4340-96R07. suitable due to a high creep rate at the test temperature.
2 6
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Ametek, U.S. Gauge Division, Model E-82 has been found satisfactory. An
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM equivalent pressure gage may be used.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Nupro, Catalog No. SS-4CPA2-3 has been found satisfactory. An equivalent
the ASTM website. pressure relief valve may be used.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4340–96 (2007)
FIG. 1 Heat-Transfer Corrosion Test Assembly
Metric Equivalents
1 1 5 1 1 9 1 1
in. ⁄4 ⁄2 ⁄8 1 ⁄4 22 ⁄16 2 ⁄16 4 ⁄2 5 ⁄4
mm 6.35 12.7 15.88 31.75 50.8 52.39 65.09 114.3 133.35
FIG. 2 Heat-Transfer Corrosion Test Components
8 10
5.2 Temperature Controller, with high-temperature alarm 5.4 Band Heaters, at least 950 W, 120-V ac, 5.1-cm
option and temperature control range up to at least 150°C (2-in.) inside diameter, 12.7-cm (5-in.) length.
(302°F). Use Type J thermocouple. A heavy-duty electrical 5.5 Ultrasonic Cleaner, about 50 W, for cleaning alumi-
power relay or SCR solid-state contactor is connected to the
num test samples.
temperature controller to carry the current load to the band 5.6 Vacuum Oven, with temperature range up to about
heaters.
150°C (302°F) for thoroughly drying cast aluminum samples.
5.3 Electrical Relay, 30-amp rating. The relay is changed
after about every 50 000 cycles to prevent contact welding.
Hotwatt, 950-W standard construction band heater, standard tightening clamp,
Athena, Model 2500T-B-16 F/C used with an electrical power relay or Model TypeLterminalhasbeenfoundsatisfactory.Anequivalentbandheatermaybeused.
2500S-B-16 F/C used with an SCR solid-state contractor has been found satisfac- Bransonic Model 12, 50 W, 1-qt capacity has been found satisfactory. An
tory. An equivalent temperature controller may be used. equivalent ultrasonic cleaner may be used.
9 12
Dayton 5X850A, SPST-NO-DM, 120 V, 30 amp has been found satisfactory. ThelcoModel10hasbeenfoundsatisfactory.Anequivalentvacuumovenmay
An equivalent mechanical, solid-state, or mercury-wetted relay may be used. be used.
D4340–96 (2007)
5.7 Vacuum Pump, for use with vacuum oven. 10.6 Weigh the specimen to 0.1 mg using an analytical
5.8 Thermal Cutoff, for over-temperature protection, lo- balance. The test sample may be reused if desired, but shall be
cated 1.3 cm ( ⁄2 in.) from the heat-transfer bar. prepared in accordance with 10.1-10.6.
5.9 Compressed Air, for pressurizing test cell.
11. Procedure
5.10 Clear Plastic Safety Shield, for protection against
bursting.
11.1 Assembly—Assemble the cell in accordance with Fig.
1. Use new O-rings between the aluminum test specimen and
6. Sampling
glass cell for each test. To help ensure that the O-rings are
properlyseated,applyasmallamountofthetestsolutiontothe
6.1 The engine coolant concentrate shall be sampled in
accordance with Test Method D1176. glass O-ring groove for lubrication. Avoid overtightening of
the threaded rod nuts.
7. Metal Test Specimen 11.2 Starting the Test—Transfer 500 mL of test coolant
solution into the test cell, screw the plug in the hole, and
7.1 Cast Aluminum, conforming to UNS A03190 is used.
tighten. Place the safety shield around the cell, (see Warning)
Specimen size is 6.5 cm (2.6 in.) in diameter, 1.3 cm (0.5 in.)
pressurize
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