ASTM E1705-15(2022)
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Biotechnology
Standard Terminology Relating to Biotechnology
SCOPE
1.1 This document is composed of terms, definitions of terms, descriptions of terms, and acronyms used in ASTM documents related to the field of biotechnology. Terms that are adequately defined in a general dictionary are not defined in this terminology standard.
1.2 This standard includes terminology used in biotechnology areas, such as, but not limited to: biological drug products, materials for biotechnology, characterization and identification of biological systems, aseptic sampling, preservation of biological samples, membrane filters, molecular biology, biomass conversion, fuel manufacturing facilities, and fuel analysis.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: E1705 − 15 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Biotechnology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1705; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
4
1. Scope* 2.2 Federal Standards:
Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Parts 210 and
1.1 This document is composed of terms, definitions of
211
terms, descriptions of terms, and acronyms used in ASTM
documents related to the field of biotechnology. Terms that are
3. Terminology
adequately defined in a general dictionary are not defined in
3.1 Definitions:
this terminology standard.
aerobic—able to live, grow, or take place only where free
1.2 This standard includes terminology used in biotechnol-
oxygen is present. E1126
ogy areas, such as, but not limited to: biological drug products,
aerobic fermentation—fermentation processes that require
materials for biotechnology, characterization and identification
the presence of air. E1126
of biological systems, aseptic sampling, preservation of bio-
logical samples, membrane filters, molecular biology, biomass
anaerobic—living or active in an airless environment. E1126
conversion, fuel manufacturing facilities, and fuel analysis.
anaerobic bacteria—microbes whose metabolisms require the
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
absence of free oxygen. E1126
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
anaerobic digester—a chemical reactor in which anaerobic
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- bacteria are used to decompose biomass or organic wastes to
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
produce methane and carbon dioxide. E1126
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
anaerobic digestion—degradation of organic matter by mi-
crobes in the absence of air (oxygen) to produce methane
2. Referenced Documents
and carbon dioxide (biogas). E1126
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
anaerobic fermentation—fermentation processes conducted
E870 Test Methods for Analysis of Wood Fuels
in the absence of air. The following anaerobic fermentation
E1126 Terminology Relating to Biomass Fuels (Withdrawn
3
processes are significant in obtaining useful forms of energy
2003)
from biomass: (1) alcoholic fermentation, fermentation pro-
E1287 Practice for Aseptic Sampling of Biological Materials
3
cesses whereby certain microorganisms convert glucose and
(Withdrawn 2008)
other substrates with alcohol as an end product, (2 ) methane
E1344 Guide for Evaluation of Fuel Ethanol Manufacturing
fermentation, generally termed anaerobic digestion (See also
Facilities
anaerobic digestion). E1126
E1357 Test Method for Determining the Rate of Bioleaching
of Iron From Pyrite by Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans (With-
anhydrous—a material that does not contain water either
3
drawn 2010)
absorbed on its surface or as water of crystallization; a
water-free product. E1126
aseptic sampling—sampling process in which no extraneous
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 on
microorganisms or substances are introduced into the sample
Bioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass and is the direct responsibility of
or its original bulk material as a result of the sampling
Subcommittee E48.91 on Terminology.
Current edition approved July 1, 2022. Published July 2022. Originally approved system and activity. E1287
in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E1705 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/
E1705-15R22. ash—inorganic residue remaining after combustion, deter-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
mined by definite prescribed methods. E1126
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4
the ASTM website. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
www.astm.org. dodssp.daps.dla.mil.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1705 − 15 (2022)
ash fusion temperature—melting point of ash, usually ex- digester—a bioreactor in which anaerobic bacteria are used to
pressed in degrees Fahrenheit. Variations include oxidizing decompose biomass or organic wastes into methane and
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1705 − 15 E1705 − 15 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Biotechnology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1705; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This document is composed of terms, definitions of terms, descriptions of terms, and acronyms used in ASTM documents
related to the field of biotechnology. Terms that are adequately defined in a general dictionary are not defined in this terminology
standard.
1.2 This standard includes terminology used in biotechnology areas, such as, but not limited to: biological drug products, materials
for biotechnology, characterization and identification of biological systems, aseptic sampling, preservation of biological samples,
membrane filters, molecular biology, biomass conversion, fuel manufacturing facilities, and fuel analysis.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E870 Test Methods for Analysis of Wood Fuels
3
E1126 Terminology Relating to Biomass Fuels (Withdrawn 2003)
3
E1287 Practice for Aseptic Sampling of Biological Materials (Withdrawn 2008)
E1344 Guide for Evaluation of Fuel Ethanol Manufacturing Facilities
E1357 Test Method for Determining the Rate of Bioleaching of Iron From Pyrite by Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans (Withdrawn
3
2010)
4
2.2 Federal Standards:
Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Parts 210 and 211
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
aerobic—able to live, grow, or take place only where free oxygen is present. E1126
aerobic fermentation—fermentation processes that require the presence of air. E1126
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 on Bioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E48.91 on Terminology.
Current edition approved June 1, 2015July 1, 2022. Published June 2015July 2022. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20132015 as
E1705E1705 – 15.–13. DOI: 10.1520/E1705-15.10.1520/E1705-15R22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://dodssp.daps.dla.mil.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1705 − 15 (2022)
anaerobic—living or active in an airless environment. E1126
anaerobic bacteria—microbes whose metabolisms require the absence of free oxygen. E1126
anaerobic digester—a chemical reactor in which anaerobic bacteria are used to decompose biomass or organic wastes to
produce methane and carbon dioxide. E1126
anaerobic digestion—degradation of organic matter by microbes in the absence of air (oxygen) to produce methane and carbon
dioxide (biogas). E1126
anaerobic fermentation—fermentation processes conducted in the absence of air. The following anaerobic fermentation
processes are significant in obtaining useful forms of energy from biomass: (1) alcoholic fermentation, fermentation processes
whereby certain microorganisms convert glucose and other substrates with alcohol as an end product, (2 ) methane fermentation,
generally termed anaerobic digestion (See also anaerobic digestion). E1126
anhydrous—a material that does not contain water either absorbed on its surface or as water of crystallization; a water-free
product. E1126
aseptic sampling—sampling process in which no extraneous microorganisms or substances are introduced into the sample or
its original bulk material as a result of the sampling system and activity. E1287
ash—inorganic resi
...
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