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ASTM E1136-14

(Specification)

Standard Specification for P195/75R14 Radial Standard Reference Test Tire

Standard Specification for P195/75R14 Radial Standard Reference Test Tire

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general requirements for a radial-ply standard reference test tire for use as a reference for tire traction performance evaluations and for other evaluations, such as pavement roughness, noise, or other tests that require a reference tire. The test tire shall be of the specified size, current technology All Season tread design steel-belted radial. Tread compounding, fabric processing, and all the manufacturing steps shall be controlled for minimum variability between tires. The tire shall be as originally molded without any tread grinding or repairs. The oil-extended styrene-butadiene blend rubber tread shall conform to the prescribed composition for: SBR 1778, SBR 1502, CIS 1 polybutadiene, N351 black, naphthenic oil, zinc oxide, stearic acid, 6 PPD, TMQ, antidegradant wax, tackifying hydrocarbon resin, TBBS, DPG, and sulfur. The tire shall be constructed as one-ply sidewall and a three-ply thread. The tread compound shall conform to the physical property requirements for: tensile sheet cure, stress at elongation, tensile strength, elongation, Durometer hardness, and restored energy (rebound or resilience). The dimensional requirements for (1) inflated dimensions and cured cord angles, (2) ribs, (3) grooves, and (4) wear indicators are specified. The prescribed physical property test methods including tire tread hardness test shall be used. Tire storage requirements and recommendations for tire use and operational requirements are detailed. The front and side views of a radial reference tire, the cross section including inflated tire dimensions, and the tread radius measurement using three point drop method are illustrated.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for the P195/75R14 radial standard reference test tire. The tire covered by this specification is primarily for use as a reference tire for braking traction, snow traction, and wear performance evaluations, but may also be used for other evaluations, such as pavement roughness, noise, or other tests that require a reference tire.  
1.1.1 Other standard reference test tires are also used for these purposes and are referenced in Section 2.  
1.2 This specification provides a rim code diameter of 14, standard tire design and construction, standard dimensions, and specifies the conditions of storage.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Aug-2014
ICS
83.160.10 - Road vehicle tyres
Technical Committee
F09 - Tires
Drafting Committee
F09.20 - Vehicular Testing
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1136-10 - Standard Specification for P195/75R14 Radial Standard Reference Test Tire
Effective Date
15-Aug-2014
Replaced By
ASTM E1136-17 - Standard Specification for P195/75R14 Radial Standard Reference Test Tire
Effective Date
01-Oct-2017
Referred By
ASTM F1649-20 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Wet Braking Traction Performance of Passenger Car Tires on Vehicles Equipped with Anti-Lock Braking Systems
Effective Date
15-Aug-2014
Referred By
ASTM F1806-21 - Standard Practice for Tire Testing Operations–Basic Concepts and Terminology for Reference Tire Use
Effective Date
15-Aug-2014
Referred By
ASTM F3611-22e1 - Standard Specification for P225/60R16 97S Radial Low Tread Depth Standard Reference Test Tire
Effective Date
15-Aug-2014
Referred By
ASTM F2871-23 - Standard Specification for 245/70R19.5 136/134M Radial Truck Standard Reference Test Tire
Effective Date
15-Aug-2014
Referred By
ASTM F2493-23 - Standard Specification for P225/60R16 97S Radial Standard Reference Test Tire
Effective Date
15-Aug-2014
Referred By
ASTM F1805-20 - Standard Test Method for Single Wheel Driving Traction in a Straight Line on Snow- and Ice-Covered Surfaces
Effective Date
15-Aug-2014
Referred By
ASTM F1650-21 - Standard Practice for Evaluating Tire Traction Performance Data Under Varying Test Conditions
Effective Date
15-Aug-2014
Referred By
ASTM F2872-19 - Standard Specification for 225/75R16C 116/114S M+S Radial Light Truck Standard Reference Test Tire
Effective Date
15-Aug-2014
Referred By
ASTM F2870-23 - Standard Specification for 315/70R22.5 154/150L Radial Truck Standard Reference Test Tire
Effective Date
15-Aug-2014
Referred By
ASTM F1572-21 - Standard Test Methods for Tire Performance Testing on Snow and Ice Surfaces
Effective Date
15-Aug-2014

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English language
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1136 −14
Standard Specification for
1
P195/75R14 Radial Standard Reference Test Tire
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1136; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2240TestMethodforRubberProperty—DurometerHard-
ness
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for
D3182PracticeforRubber—Materials,Equipment,andPro-
the P195/75R14 radial standard reference test tire. The tire
cedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing
covered by this specification is primarily for use as a reference
Standard Vulcanized Sheets
tire for braking traction, snow traction, and wear performance
D7121Test Method for Rubber Property—Resilience Using
evaluations,butmayalsobeusedforotherevaluations,suchas
Schob Type Rebound Pendulum
pavement roughness, noise, or other tests that require a
E867Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement Systems
reference tire.
F538Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Per-
1.1.1 Other standard reference test tires are also used for
these purposes and are referenced in Section 2. formance of Tires
F2493Specification for P225/60R16 97S Radial Standard
1.2 This specification provides a rim code diameter of 14,
Reference Test Tire
standardtiredesignandconstruction,standarddimensions,and
F2870 Specification for 315/70R22.5 154/150L Radial
specifies the conditions of storage.
Truck Standard Reference Test Tire
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
F2871Specification for 245/70R19.5 136/134M Radial
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Truck Standard Reference Test Tire
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
F2872Specification for 225/75R16C 116/114S M+S Radial
tion only and are not considered standard.
Light Truck Standard Reference Test Tire
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.1 Fordefinitionsoftermsusedinthisspecification,refer
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
to Terminology F538.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.2 all-season tread, n—tread design providing dry, wet,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: and snow traction performance for an optimized balance for
D412TestMethodsforVulcanizedRubberandThermoplas- year-round performance and which may meet the Rubber
tic Elastomers—Tension
Manufacturers Association (RMA) definition for an M&S,
D1054Test Method for Rubber Property—Resilience Using M+S, M/S, MS, etc. marked tire (see RMA “Snow Tire
4
a Goodyear-Healey Rebound Pendulum (Withdrawn
Definitions for Passenger and Light Truck (LT) Tires” ). F538
3
2010)
3.1.3 pavement characteristic, n—physical feature or prop-
D1765Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in
erty of a pavement surface such as type, roughness, texture,
Rubber Products
and skid resistance. E867
3.1.4 pitch, n—unitoftreadpatternelementsusedinvarious
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tires
combinations to obtain optimum noise levels. F538
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.20 on Vehicular Testing.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2014. Published September 2014. Originally
3.1.5 standard reference test tire, SRTT, n—tire that is used
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E1136–10. DOI:
as a control tire or surface monitoring tire (for example,
10.1520/E1136-14.
Specification F2493, F2870, F2871, and F2872 tires). F538
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Available from the Rubber Manufacturers Association 1400 K Street, N.W.
www.astm.org. Washington, D.C. 20005.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1136−14
FIG. 2 Side View of the P195/75R14 Radial Standard Reference
Test Tire
“StandardReferenceTestTire,”andECE(EconomicCommis-
sion for Europe) and DOT (Department of Transportation)
certification marks.
FIG. 1 Front View of the P195/75R14 Radial Standard Reference
Test Tire
4.4 Beginning in 2014, the tire is marked with an arrow
which provides a rotational orientation for those testers
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1136 − 10 E1136 − 14
Standard Specification for
1
P195/75R14 Radial Standard Reference Test Tire
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1136; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for the P195/75R14 radial standard reference test tire. The tire covered
by this specification is primarily for use as a reference tire for braking traction, snow traction, and wear performance evaluations,
but may also be used for other evaluations, such as pavement roughness, noise, or other tests that require a reference tire.
1.1.1 A P225/60R16 97S (Specification Other F2493) tire is another standard reference test tire that is tires are also used for
these purposes. Specification purposes F2493 was originally published 2006 and continues to be used.and are referenced in Section
2.
1.2 This specification provides a rim code diameter of 14, standard tire design and construction, standard dimensions, and
specifies the conditions of storage.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension
3
D1054 Test Method for Rubber Property—Resilience Using a Goodyear-Healey Rebound Pendulum (Withdrawn 2010)
D1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in Rubber Products
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hardness
D3182 Practice for Rubber—Materials, Equipment, and Procedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing Standard
Vulcanized Sheets
D7121 Test Method for Rubber Property—Resilience Using Schob Type Rebound Pendulum
E867 Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement Systems
F538 Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Performance of Tires
F2493 Specification for P225/60R16 97S Radial Standard Reference Test Tire
F2870 Specification for 315/70R22.5 154/150L Radial Truck Standard Reference Test Tire
F2871 Specification for 245/70R19.5 136/134M Radial Truck Standard Reference Test Tire
F2872 Specification for 225/75R16C 116/114S M+S Radial Light Truck Standard Reference Test Tire
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology F538.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tires and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.20 on Vehicular Testing.
Current edition approved April 1, 2010Aug. 15, 2014. Published June 2010September 2014. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 20032010
as E1136 – 93 (2003).E1136 – 10. DOI: 10.1520/E1136-10.10.1520/E1136-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1136 − 14
3.1.2 all-season tread, n—tread design providing dry, wet, and snow traction performance for an optimized balance for
year-round performance and which may meet the Rubber Manufacturers Association (RMA) definition for an M&S, M+S, M/S,
4
MS, etc. marked tire (see RMA “Snow Tire Definitions for Passenger and Light Truck (LT) Tires” ). F538
3.1.3 pavement characteristic, n—physical feature or property of a pavement surface such as type, roughness, texture, and skid
resistance. E867
3.1.4 pitch, n—unit of tread pattern elements used in various combinations to obtain optimum noise levels. F538
3.1.5 standard reference test tire, SRTT, n—tire that is used as a control tire or surface monitoring tir
...

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5.2 A series of maneuvers are conducted to characterize several aspects of the tire performance in snow, since a single maneuver is not sufficient to characterize all aspects of a tire's performance.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of tire performance on snow and ice surfaces utilizing passenger car or light truck vehicles. Since the tires are evaluated as part of a tire/vehicle system, the conclusions reached may not be applicable to the same tires tested on a different vehicle.  
1.2 These test methods do not purport to identify every maneuver useful for determining tire performance in a winter environment.  
1.3 These test methods are not meant to evaluate vehicle performance. Allowing for the variability of test results with different vehicles, these procedures have been developed and selected to evaluate relative tire-snow performance.  
1.4 These test methods are suitable for research and development purposes, where tires are compared during a single series of tests. They may not be suitable for regulatory statutes or specification acceptance because the values obtained may not necessarily agree or correlate either in rank order or absolute traction performance level with those obtained under other environmental conditions on other surfaces or the same surface after additional use.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F408-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Tires for Wet Traction in Straight-Ahead Braking, Using a Towed Trailer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The measured values are traction properties of tires obtained with the towed trailer described here on a given road surface, under given environmental conditions (ambient and road surface temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, purity and film depth of water used to wet the road surface). They are carried out in accordance with the stated test procedures and reflect the performance of the total tire-vehicle environmental system. A change in any of these factors may change the measurements on a subsequent run of the test.  
5.2 These test methods are suitable for research and development purposes, where tires are compared during a single series of tests. They may not be suitable for regulatory statutes or specification acceptance, because the values obtained may not necessarily agree or correlate either in rank order or absolute traction performance level with those obtained on other road surfaces (or the same surface after additional wear), under other environmental conditions, or other towed trailers, or other test devices, or with results obtained with other test procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of braking traction of tires designed for passenger cars or light trucks. Such braking traction measurements are applicable to conditions wherein the vehicle is traveling straight ahead on a wet, paved surface.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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