ASTM A31-04
(Specification)Standard Specification for Steel Rivets and Bars for Rivets, Pressure Vessels
Standard Specification for Steel Rivets and Bars for Rivets, Pressure Vessels
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers steel rivets for use in boilers and pressure vessels and steel bars for use in the manufacture of rivets.
1.2 Two grades are covered:
1.2.1 Grade A—Bars having a yield point of 23 000 psi (160 MPa) minimum with no controls on carbon content.
1.2.2 Grade B—Bars having a yield point of 29 000 psi (200 MPa) minimum with carbon 0.28 % maximum.
1.2.3 Rivets are manufactured from the applicable bar grade.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
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Designation: A 31 – 04
Standard Specification for
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Steel Rivets and Bars for Rivets, Pressure Vessels
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationA 31;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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1. Scope* B18.24.1 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System
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1.1 This specification covers steel rivets for use in boilers
3. Ordering Information
and pressure vessels and steel bars for use in the manufacture
3.1 Orders for rivets and bars under this specification shall
of rivets.
include:
1.2 Two grades are covered:
3.1.1 ASTM designation and date of issue,
1.2.1 Grade A—Bars having a yield point of 23 000 psi
3.1.2 Quantity—Number of pieces for rivets and weight for
(160 MPa) minimum with no controls on carbon content.
bars,
1.2.2 Grade B—Bars having a yield point of 29 000 psi
3.1.3 Name of product and grade (A or B),
(200 MPa) minimum with carbon 0.28 % maximum.
3.1.4 Size (diameter and length),
1.2.3 Rivets are manufactured from the applicable bar
3.1.5 Rivet head type,
grade.
3.1.6 If inspection at point of manufacture is required,
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1.7 Certification, if required (Section 14), and
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
3.1.8 Additional testing or special requirements, if required.
information only.
3.1.9 For establishment of a part identifying system, see
2. Referenced Documents ASME B18.24.1.
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is: ASTM A 31 – 82, 10 000
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A 29/A 29M SpecificationforSteelBars,CarbonandAlloy, pieces, steel rivets GradeA, ⁄2 by 2 in., button head, test reports required.
Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
4. Materials and Manufacture
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for MechanicalTesting
of Steel Products 4.1 The steel shall be made by any of the following
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for processes: open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen.
4.2 Rivets shall be manufactured from rivet bars conform-
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
F 1470 GuideforFastenerSamplingforSpecifiedMechani- ing to the applicable grade ordered.
4.3 Rivets shall be manufactured by hot- or cold-heading.
cal Properties and Performance Inspection
2.2 ANSI/ASME Standards: 4.4 Bars shall be furnished as rolled and not pickled, blast
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cleaned,oroiled.Atproducer’soption,barsmaybecleanedfor
B18.1.1 Small Solid Rivets ⁄16 Inch Nominal Diameter and
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Smaller inspection or cold drawn.
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B18.1.2 Large Rivets ⁄2 Inch Nominal Diameter and
5. Chemical Composition
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Larger
5.1 The steel shall conform to chemical composition pre-
scribed in Table 1.
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This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on
5.2 Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat of steel shall
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,
bemadebythebarmanufacturertodetermineforGradesAand
Nuts, Rivets, and Washers.
B the percentages of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, and
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2004. Published August 2004. Originally
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as A 31 – 00.
sulfur. This analysis shall be made from a test ingot taken
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For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-
during the pouring of the heat. The chemical composition thus
cation SA-31 in Section II of that Code.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
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Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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A31–04
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements TABLE 2 Bend Requirements, Rivets
Grade A Grade B Ratio of Bend Diameter to Diameter of
Diameter of
River Shank
Heat Product Heat Product
Rivet Shank, in.
Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis Grade A Grade B
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Carbon, max, % . . . . . . 0.28 0.31 ⁄4 and under flat 1
3 1
Manganese, % 0.30–0.60 0.27–0.63 0.30–0.80 0.27–0.83 Over ⁄4 flat 1 ⁄2
Phosphorus, max, % 0.040 0.048 0.040 0.048
Sulfur, max, % 0.050 0.058 0.050 0.058
determined shall be reported to the purchaser or his represen-
tative
...
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