ASTM A31-04e1

Standard Specification for Steel Rivets and Bars for Rivets, Pressure Vessels

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements, and associated test methods for steel rivets for use in boilers and pressure vessels, and steel bars for use in the manufacture of such rivets. Two grades of steel are covered here, as follows: Grade A and Grade B. The steel used to make the rivets shall be manufactured by open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen process, and the corresponding rivets shall be manufactured from steel bars conforming to the applicable bar grade ordered. The steel shall undergo heat and product analysis for measurements of chemical contents for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur. Finished bars and rivets shall go through rivet bend, rivet flattening, bar tensile, and bar bend tests for measurements of mechanical properties such as ratio of bend diameter to diameter of the shank for rivets, and tensile strength, yield point, elongation, and ratio of bend diameter to diameter of specimen for bars.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers steel rivets for use in boilers and pressure vessels and steel bars for use in the manufacture of rivets.
1.2 Two grades are covered:
1.2.1 Grade A—Bars having a yield point of 23000 psi (160 MPa) minimum with no controls on carbon content.
1.2.2 Grade B—Bars having a yield point of 29000 psi (200 MPa) minimum with carbon 0.28 % maximum.
1.2.3 Rivets are manufactured from the applicable bar grade.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2004
• ICS: 21.060.40 - Rivets
• Technical Committee: F16 - Fasteners
• Drafting Committee: F16.02 - Steel Bolts, Studs and Nuts

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A31-04 - Standard Specification for Steel Rivets and Bars for Rivets, Pressure Vessels
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2004
• Replaced By: ASTM A31-04(2009) - Standard Specification for Steel Rivets and Bars for Rivets, Pressure Vessels
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
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Designation: A31 – 04
Standard Specification for
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Steel Rivets and Bars for Rivets, Pressure Vessels
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA31; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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´ NOTE—Sections 2.2 and 3.1.9 were editorially revised in October 2006.
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1. Scope* B18.1.1 Small Solid Rivets ⁄16 Inch Nominal Diameter and
2 Smaller
1.1 This specification covers steel rivets for use in boilers
1
B18.1.2 Large Rivets ⁄2 Inch Nominal Diameter and Larger
and pressure vessels and steel bars for use in the manufacture
B18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Stan-
of rivets.
dard for B18 Fastener Products
1.2 Two grades are covered:
1.2.1 Grade A—Bars having a yield point of 23 000 psi
3. Ordering Information
(160 MPa) minimum with no controls on carbon content.
3.1 Orders for rivets and bars under this specification shall
1.2.2 Grade B—Bars having a yield point of 29 000 psi
include:
(200 MPa) minimum with carbon 0.28 % maximum.
3.1.1 ASTM designation and date of issue,
1.2.3 Rivets are manufactured from the applicable bar
3.1.2 Quantity—Number of pieces for rivets and weight for
grade.
bars,
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1.3 Name of product and grade (A or B),
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
3.1.4 Size (diameter and length),
information only.
3.1.5 Rivet head type,
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.6 If inspection at point of manufacture is required,
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3.1.7 Certification, if required (Section 14), and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.8 Additional testing or special requirements, if required.
A29/A29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,
3.1.9 For establishment of a part identifying system, see
Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
ASME B18.24.
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is: ASTM A31 – 82, 10 000
1
A751 Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology for Chemi-
pieces, steel rivets GradeA, ⁄2 by 2 in., button head, test reports required.
cal Analysis of Steel Products
4. Materials and Manufacture
F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-
4.1 The steel shall be made by any of the following
chanical Properties and Performance Inspection
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2.2 ASME Standards: processes: open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen.
4.2 Rivets shall be manufactured from rivet bars conform-
ing to the applicable grade ordered.
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This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on
4.3 Rivets shall be manufactured by hot- or cold-heading.
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,
4.4 Bars shall be furnished as rolled and not pickled, blast
Nuts, Rivets, and Washers.
cleaned,oroiled.Atproducer’soption,barsmaybecleanedfor
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2004. Published August 2004. Originally
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as A31 – 00. DOI:
inspection or cold drawn.
10.1520/A0031-04E01.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-
5. Chemical Composition
cation SA-31 in Section II of that Code.
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5.1 The steel shall conform to chemical composition pre-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
scribed in Table 1.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
5.2 Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat of steel shall
the ASTM website.
4 bemadebythebarmanufacturertodetermineforGradesAand
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990. B the percentages of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, and
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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A31–04
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements TABLE 2 Bend Requirements, Rivets
Grade A Grade B Ratio of Bend Diameter to Diameter of
Diameter of
River Shank
Heat Product Heat Product
Rivet Shank, in.
Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis Grade A Grade B
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Carbon, max, % . . . . . . 0.28 0.31 ⁄4 and under flat 1
3 1
Manganese, % 0.30–0.60 0.27–0.63 0.30–0.80 0.27–0.83 Over ⁄4 flat 1 ⁄2
Phosphorus, max, % 0.040 0.048 0.040 0.048
Sulfur, max, % 0.050 0.058 0.050 0.058
sulfur. This analysis shall be made from a test ingot taken
during the pouring of the heat. The chemical composition thus
determined shall be rep
...