ASTM F1546/F1546M-96(2006)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Fire Hose Nozzles
Standard Specification for Fire Hose Nozzles
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design, manufacture, and testing of fire hose nozzles intended for use with sea water or fresh water either in straight stream or adjustable spray patterns. Marine fire hose nozzles may be classified into four general construction types, as follows: Type I; Type II; Type III; and Type IV. Nozzle types may be subdivided into three general classes, as follows: Class I; Class II; and Class III. Classes may be subdivided into two general sizes. Tensile strength, ultimate elongation, tensile set test, compression set test, accelerated aging test, aging exposure, ultraviolet light-water exposure, discharge calibration test, flow pattern test, flushing test, control tests, corrosion exposure, high temperature test, low temperature test, rough usage test, leakage test, hydrostatic pressure test, operator protection test, and horizontal distance shall be performed to conform with specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design, manufacture, and testing of fire hose nozzles intended for use with sea water or fresh water either in straight stream or adjustable spray patterns.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
AnAmerican National Standard
Designation: F1546/F1546M – 96 (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Specification for
Fire Hose Nozzles
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF1546/F1546M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 break apart—a feature that allows the nozzle tip to be
disconnected from the nozzle body by virtue of a coupling
1.1 This specification covers the design, manufacture, and
identical to that on the hose end of the nozzle.
testing of fire hose nozzles intended for use with sea water or
3.1.3 constant flow rate spray nozzle—an adjustable pattern
fresh water either in straight stream or adjustable spray
nozzle in which the flow is delivered at a designed nozzle
patterns.
pressure. At the rated pressure, the nozzle will deliver a
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
constant flow rate from straight stream through a wide angle
standard.
pattern.This is accomplished by maintaining a constant orifice
2. Referenced Documents
size during flow pattern adjustment.
3.1.4 constant pressure (automatic) spray nozzle—an ad-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
justable pattern nozzle in which the pressure remains constant
A313/A313M Specification for Stainless Steel Spring Wire
through a range of flows rates. The constant pressure provides
A580/A580M Specification for Stainless Steel Wire
the velocity for an effective stream reach at various flow rates.
A582/A582M Specification for Free-Machining Stainless
This is accomplished by means of a pressure-activated, self-
Steel Bars
adjusting orifice baffle.
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
3.1.5 constant/select flow rate feature—anozzlefeaturethat
D395 TestMethodsforRubberProperty—CompressionSet
allows on-site adjustment of the orifice to change the flow rate
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-
to a predetermined value. The flow rate remains constant
plastic Elastomers—Tension
throughout the range of pattern selection from straight stream
D572 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration by Heat and
to wide angle spray.
Oxygen
3.1.6 free swivel coupling—a coupling between the nozzle
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
and hose or between halves of a break-apart nozzle that is
2.2 NFPA Standards:
capable of being turned readily by hand; that is, a spanner
NFPA1963 Standards for Screw Threads and Gaskets for
wrench is not required to tighten the coupling to prevent
Fire Hose Connections
leakage.
3. Terminology
3.1.7 flush—afeatureinanozzlethatallowstheorificetobe
opened so that small debris that might otherwise be trapped in
3.1 Definitions:
the nozzle, causing pattern disruptions and flow variation, can
3.1.1 ball shut-off—a spray nozzle configuration that stops
pass through. When the flush feature is engaged, the nozzle
the flow of water through the nozzle by rotating the ball
pressure will drop and the pattern will deteriorate.
through which the water flows so that the passage no longer
3.1.8 lever-type control—a control in which the handle
aligns with the nozzle flow passage.
operates along the axis of the nozzle.
3.1.9 pistol grip—a feature usually available as an attach-
ment that allows a nozzle to be held like a pistol.
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F25 on Ships
3.1.10 rated pressure—thatpressureforwhichthenozzleis
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on
General Requirements.
designed to operate at a specified flow rate(s).
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006. Published January 2007. Originally
3.1.11 rotational-type control—a control that rotates in a
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F1546/F1546M–96
plane perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle.
(2001). DOI: 10.1520/F1546_F1546M-96R06.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4. Classification
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4.1 Marine fire hose nozzles may be classified into four
the ASTM website.
general construction types, as follows:
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org. 4.1.1 Type I—Pistol grip, lever-type control operated.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
F1546/F1546M – 96 (2006)
4.1.2 Type II—Nonpistol grip, lever-type control operated. 6.2.1.1 Tensile strength, ultimate elongation, and tensile set
4.1.3 Type III—Break apart, pistol grip, lever-type control shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods D412,
operated. Method A, except that, for tensile set determinations, the
4.1.4 Type IV—Break apart, nonpistol grip, lever-type con- elongation shall be maintained for only 3 min, and the tensile
trol operated. set shall be measured 3 min after release of the specimen. The
4.2 Nozzle types may be subdivided into three general elongationofaspecimenforatensilesetdeterminationistobe
classes, as follows: such that the bench marks 25 mm apart become separated to a
4.2.1 Class I—Constant flow rate. distance of 76 mm.
4.2.2 Class II—Constant/select flow rate. 6.2.1.2 If a specimen breaks outside the bench marks, or if
4.2.3 Class III—Constant pressure. either the measured tensile strength or ultimate elongation of
4.3 Classes may be subdivided into two general sizes, as the specimen is less than the required value, an additional
follows: specimen shall be tested, and those results shall be considered
4.3.1 Size 38 mm, with free swivel base. final. Results of tests for specimens that break in the curved
4.3.2 Size 64 mm, with free swivel base. portion just outside the bench marks may be accepted if the
measured strength and elongation values are within the mini-
5. Ordering Information
mum requirements.
5.1 The following shall be specified when ordering: 6.2.2 Compression Set Test:
6.2.2.1 Type I specimens of the material shall be prepared
5.1.1 Quantity,
5.1.2 Type (see 4.1), and the test conducted in accordance withTest Methods D395,
Method B. The specimens shall be exposed for 22 h at 22°C.
5.1.3 Class (see 4.2),
5.1.4 Size (see 4.3), 6.2.3 Accelerated Aging Test:
5.1.5 Material (see 6.1.2, 9.8.1 and 12) 6.2.3.1 Specimens shall be prepared in the same manner as
5.1.6 Thread type for tensile strength and ultimate elongation and ultimate
elongation tests, except for the bench marks 25 mm apart that
6. Material and Manufacture
shall be stamped on the specimen after the test exposure. The
exposure shall be conducted in accordance with Test Method
6.1 Materials:
D572.
6.1.1 All nozzle components and parts must be durable and
6.2.3.2 All materials must retain not less than 70% of the
demonstratesatisfactoryoperationduringallperformancetests
as-received tensile strength and ultimate elongation after the
in Section 9.
accelerated aging test.
6.1.2 The nozzle body and any metal used in the construc-
tion of any part of the nozzle shall be corrosion resistant. 6.2.4 Silicone rubber (rubber having polyorganosiloxane as
itscharacteristicconstituent)shallhaveatensilestrengthofnot
Copperalloyscontainingmorethan15%zincareprohibitedin
all parts that are in contact with the fluid flow. No aluminum less than 3.5 MPa and at least 100% ultimate elongation as
determined in accordance with 9.3.2.
alloys may be used except for nozzles being operated exclu-
sively with fresh water. No ferrous material may be used 6.2.5 Sealing material other than silicone rubber shall have
a tensile strength of not less than 10 MPa and at least 200%
except for the Type 300 series stainless steel for wire and
springs in accordance with Specifications A313/A313M or ultimate elongation as determined in accordance with 6.2.1.
A580/A580M and for screws and pins in accordance with
Specification A582/A582M. 7. Configuration
6.1.3 Allnonmetallicmaterialsorsyntheticelastomersused
7.1 All nozzles shall consist of the following components
to form a seal or gasket shall have the following properties:
and design:
6.1.3.1 uniform dimensions,
7.1.1 Nozzle body,
6.1.3.2 beofsuchsize,shape,andresiliencyastowithstand
7.1.2 Free swivel coupling,
ordinary usage and foreign matter carried by water, including
7.1.3 Shutoffs,
petrochemical solvents and high alkaline solutions such as
7.1.4 Shutoff seats,
those used for cleaning nozzles (see 6.2), and
7.1.5 Shutoff handle,
6.1.3.3 be able to withstand ozone and ultraviolet light
7.1.6 Bumper guard,
exposure if used on the external portion of the nozzle.
7.1.7 Seals,
6.1.4 All materials shall have tensile set of not more than 5
7.1.8 Flushing feature,
mm as determined in accordance with 6.2.1, and compression
7.1.9 Pistol grip (optional), and
setnotmorethan15%asdeterminedinaccordancewith6.2.2.
7.1.10 Break apart feature (optional).
6.2 Specific Requirements for Rubber Sealing Materials:
7.2 Nozzles shall be provided with a lever-type control
6.2.1 Tensile Strength, Ultimate Elongation, and Tensile Set
shutoff handle which shall be in the closed position when the
Tests:
handle is closest to the discharge end of the nozzle. Lever-type
control of the flow rate must also be by means of the shutoff
handle.
Nozzle material should be galvanically compatible with the intended fire hose
7.2.1 The inside clearances of the shutoff handle shall be a
couplings.
ThreadsshouldconformtoarecognizedindustrystandardsuchasNFPA1963. minimum of 75 mm wide by 25 mm high.
F1546/F1546M – 96 (2006)
7.2.2 The shutoff handle shall be of such a size that the 9.3 Nonmetallic components shall be subjected to the fol-
operator’s hand in a fireman’s glove and closed on the handle lowing specific testing:
does not interfere with the operation of the shutoff handle in
9.3.1 Aging Exposure:
any position.
9.3.1.1 Aging tests shall be performed before all other tests
7.3 Spraypatternadjustmentshallbebymeansofrotational
identified in this standard.
controls. Rotational controls shall traverse from a wide angle
9.3.1.2 The specimens shall be subjected to air-oven aging
spraypatterntonarrowangle,tostraightstreaminaclockwise
for 180 days at 70°C and then allowed to cool at least 24 h in
mannerwhenviewedfromthehosecouplingendofthenozzle.
air at 25°C and 50% relative humidity.
The wide and narrow angle spray patterns shall be enhanced
9.3.1.3 At the conclusion of the test, the specimens shall be
with an impinging action by means of a minimum of one and
inspected and all functions shall be operated to ensure they
amaximumoftworowsoffixedorrotatingteethconcentricto
operateproperly.Cracking,crazing,oranyotherconditionthat
the discharge orifice.
interferes with the proper operation of any specimen shall
7.4 Nozzles shall have a capability of clearing or flushing
constitute failure of this test.
debris from the nozzle without shutting down the hose line.
9.3.2 Ultraviolet Light-Water Exposure:
This may be accomplished either through the full open nozzle
9.3.2.1 Nozzle designs with exposed nonmetallic parts shall
position or through a flush feature of the nozzle.
be subjected to ultraviolet light and water for 720 h.
7.4.1 If used, the flush feature shall have a separate control,
9.3.2.2 The ultraviolet light shall be obtained from two
incorporateadetent,orshallrequireincreasedforcetooperate,
stationary enclosed carbon-arc lamps. The arc of each lamp is
to indicate to the firefighter when the flush feature is being
tobeformedbetweentwoverticalcarbonelectrodes,13mmin
engaged.
diameter,locatedatthecenterofarevolvableverticalcylinder,
7.5 All features and controls shall be operable by one hand
787 mm in diameter and 450 mm in height. Each arc is to be
of the operator while the other hand is holding the nozzle.
enclosed with a number PX Pyrex-glass globe.
7.6 Abumper shall be provided at the discharge end of the
9.3.2.3 The water shall conform to Type IV water in
nozzleforprotectionagainstphysicaldamage.Thenozzlestem
Specification D1193.
shall not extend past the bumper in any of the flow positions
9.3.2.4 The specimens are to be mounted vertically on the
including flush.
inside of the revolvable cylinder, arcing the lamps, and the
7.7 Thepistolgrip,ifoneisprovided,shallhavefourfinger
cylinder continuously revolved around the stationary lamps at
notches on the tip side and the minimum span and width shall
1revolutionperminute.Asystemistobeprovidedsothateach
be suitable for use with a hand wearing a typical fireman’s
specimeninturnissprayedwithwaterasthecylinderrevolves.
glove.
During the operating cycle, each specimen is to be exposed to
7.8 Couplings shall be of a free swivel type.
thelightandwatersprayfor3minandthelightonlyfor17min
7.9 Each nozzle shall be provided with a resilient gasket
(total 20 min). The air temperature within the revolving
fitted in the nozzle coupling recess. The gasket shall have
cylinder of the apparatus during operations is to be maintained
dimensions in accordance with NFPA1963. Type III and IV
at 65°C.
nozzles shall incorporate an additional gasket to accommodate
9.3.2.5 At the conclusion of the test, the specimens shall be
the break-apart feature.
inspected and all functions shall be operated to ensure they
7.10 Nozzles for use with 38-mm hoses shall weigh not
operate properly. Cracking, crazing, or any other condition
more than 4.53 kg. Nozzles for use with 64-mm hoses shall
which interferes with the proper operation of any specimen
weigh not more than 5.9 kg.
shall constitute failure of this test.
7.11 Shutoff seats shall be self-adjusting or shall be adjust-
9.4 Discharge Calibration Test:
able without disassembly of the nozzle.
9.4.1 Constant flow rate specimens shall flow the rated
7.12 All features which incorporate a stop, detent, separate
discharge, plus 10%, minus 0%, measured at rated pressure,
control, or increased force to engage shall be clearly labeled,
through the entire range of pattern setting from straight stream
including the open and shutoff positions, pattern selection, and
to wide angle spray.
flow rate selection.
9.4.2 Constant/select flow rate specimens shall flow the
8. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance
rated discharge, plus 10%, minus 0%, measured at rated
pressure, for each flow rate selection through the entire range
8.1 All parts and assemblies of the nozzle including cast-
of pattern setting from straight stream to wide angle spray.
ings, forgings, molded parts, stampings, bearings, machined
9.4.3 Constant flow rate specimens and select flow rate
surfaces and welded p
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