ASTM D7170-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils—Fixed Range Injection Period, Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Method
Standard Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils<span class='unicode'>—</span>Fixed Range Injection Period, Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The ID and DCN values determined by this test method can provide a measure of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuel oil in compression ignition engines.
This test can be used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a specification aid to relate or match fuels and engines.
The relationship of diesel fuel oil DCN determinations to the performance of full-scale, variable-speed, variable-load diesel engines is not completely understood.
This test may be applied to non-conventional fuels. It is recognized that the performance of non-conventional fuels in full-scale engines is not completely understood. The user is therefore cautioned to investigate the suitability of ignition characteristic measurements for predicting performance in full-scale engines for these types of fuels.
This test determines ignition characteristics and requires a sample of approximately 220 mL and a test time of approximately 20 min on a fit-for-use instrument.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the ignition characteristics of conventional diesel fuel oils, diesel fuel oils containing cetane number improver additives, and is applicable to products typical of Specification D 975, Grades No. 1-D and 2-D regular and low-sulfur diesel fuel oils, European standard EN 590, and Canadian standards CAN/CGSB-3.517-2000 and CAN/CGSB 3.6-2000. The test method may also be applied to the quantitative determination of the ignition characteristics of blends of fuel oils containing biodiesel material, and diesel fuel oil blending components.
1.2 This test method measures the ignition delay and utilizes a constant volume combustion chamber with direct fuel injection into heated, compressed air. An equation converts an ignition delay determination to a derived cetane number (DCN).
1.3 This test method covers the ignition delay range from a minimum value of 35.0 DCN (ignition delay of 4.89 ms) to a maximum value of 59.6 DCN (ignition delay of 2.87 ms). The average DCN result for each sample in the ILS ranged from 37.29 (average ignition delay of 4.5894 ms) to 56.517 (average ignition delay of 3.0281 ms).
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D7170–09
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel
Fuel Oils—Fixed Range Injection Period, Constant Volume
1
Combustion Chamber Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7170; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination 2.1 ASTM Standards:
of the ignition characteristics of conventional diesel fuel oils, D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
diesel fuel oils containing cetane number improver additives, D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
and is applicable to products typical of Specification D975, D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
GradesNo.1-Dand2-Dregularandlow-sulfurdieselfueloils, D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
European standard EN590, and Canadian standards CAN/ Petroleum Products
CGSB-3.517-2000andCAN/CGSB3.6-2000.Thetestmethod D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
may also be applied to the quantitative determination of the Products, and Lubricants
ignitioncharacteristicsofblendsoffueloilscontainingbiodie- D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
sel material, and diesel fuel oil blending components. Petroleum Products
1.2 Thistestmethodmeasurestheignitiondelayandutilizes D5854 PracticeforMixingandHandlingofLiquidSamples
a constant volume combustion chamber with direct fuel injec- of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
tion into heated, compressed air. An equation converts an D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
ignition delay determination to a derived cetane number and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
(DCN). Measurement System Performance
1.3 This test method covers the ignition delay range from a D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
minimum value of 35.0 DCN (ignition delay of 4.89 ms) to a Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and
maximum value of 59.6 DCN (ignition delay of 2.87 ms). The Lubricants
average DCN result for each sample in the ILS ranged from D6708 PracticeforStatisticalAssessmentandImprovement
37.29(averageignitiondelayof4.5894ms)to56.517(average of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that
ignition delay of 3.0281 ms). Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this E832 Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
3
standard. 2.2 EN Standard:
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the EN 590 Automotive Fuels—Diesel—Requirements and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Test Methods
4
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 2.3 Energy Institute Standard:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- IP41 Ignition Quality of Diesel Fuels—Cetane EngineTest
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Method
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee the ASTM website.
3
D02.01 on Combustion Characteristics. Available from European Committee for standardization. Central Secretariat:
Current edition approved April 15, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally rue de Stassart, 36, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
4
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D7170–08. DOI: Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
10.1520/D7170-09. U.K.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D7170–09
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2.4 Canadian Standards: 3.2.5 derived cetane number (DCN), n—a number calcu-
lated using a conversion equation that relates a combustion
CAN/CGSB-3.517-2000 Regular Sulphur Diesel Fuel—
analyzer ignition delay result to cetane number.
Specification
3.2.6 ignition delay (ID), n—that period of time, in milli-
CAN/CGSB 3.6-2000 Automotive Low-Sulphur Diesel
seconds(ms),betweenthestartoffuelinjectionandthestartof
Fuel—Specification
6
combustion as determined using the specific combustion ana-
2.5 DIN St
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D7170–08 Designation:D7170–09
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel
Fuel Oils—Fixed Range Injection Period, Constant Volume
1
Combustion Chamber Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7170; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the ignition characteristics of conventional diesel fuel oils, diesel
fuel oils containing cetane number improver additives, and is applicable to products typical of Specification D975, Grades No.
1-D and 2-D regular and low-sulfur diesel fuel oils, European standard EN 590, and Canadian standards CAN/CGSB-3.517-2000
and CAN/CGSB 3.6-2000. The test method may also be applied to the quantitative determination of the ignition characteristics
of blends of fuel oils containing biodiesel material, and diesel fuel oil blending components.
1.2 This test method measures the ignition delay and utilizes a constant volume combustion chamber with direct fuel injection
into heated, compressed air. An equation converts an ignition delay determination to a derived cetane number (DCN).
1.3 This test method covers the ignition delay range from a minimum value of 35.0 DCN (ignition delay of 4.89 ms) to a
maximum value of 59.6 DCN (ignition delay of 2.87 ms).The average DCN result for each sample in the ILS ranged from 37.29
(average ignition delay of 4.5894 ms) to 56.517 (average ignition delay of 3.0281 ms).
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
Measurement System Performance
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants
D6708 Practice for StatisticalAssessment and Improvement of ExpectedAgreement Between Two Test Methods that Purport
to Measure the Same Property of a Material
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E832 Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
3
2.2 EN Standard:
EN 590 Automotive Fuels—Diesel—Requirements and Test Methods
4
2.3 Energy Institute Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.01 on
Combustion Characteristics.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D7170–06a.
Current edition approved April 15, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D7170–08.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from European Committee for standardization. Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart, 36, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
4
Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7170–09
IP 41 Ignition Quality of Diesel Fuels—Cetane Engine Test Method
5
2.4 Canadian
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