ASTM D7820-19(2024)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Engine Coolant Corrosion Protection Under Accelerated Thermal and Oxidizing Conditions Using a Rotating Pressure Vessel
Standard Test Method for Engine Coolant Corrosion Protection Under Accelerated Thermal and Oxidizing Conditions Using a Rotating Pressure Vessel
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Engines operating under severe conditions involving high temperatures, hot spot areas, entrained air, or small cooling systems, or combinations thereof, are placing greater emphasis on engine coolant oxidation stability and corrosion protection. This test method provides an accelerated test method to assess engine coolant performance under high temperature oxidizing test conditions of new, used, or recycled engine coolants, or combinations thereof. The test method may also serve as a screening tool to determine oxidation stability. The test results of this method cannot stand alone as evidence of satisfactory oxidation stability and corrosion protection. The actual service of an engine coolant formulation can be determined only by more comprehensive bench, dynamometer, and field tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of engine coolant corrosion protection and stability under accelerated thermal and oxidizing conditions using a rotary pressure vessel.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10, 11.1, 12.8, 12.9, and 12.10.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7820 − 19 (Reapproved 2024)
Standard Test Method for
Engine Coolant Corrosion Protection Under Accelerated
Thermal and Oxidizing Conditions Using a Rotating
Pressure Vessel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7820; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Tur-
bine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vessel
1.1 This test method covers determination of engine coolant
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
corrosion protection and stability under accelerated thermal
E230/E230M Specification for Temperature-Electromotive
and oxidizing conditions using a rotary pressure vessel.
Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3. Summary of Test Method
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
3.1 The engine coolant test fluid and a metal coupon bundle
are placed in a covered glassware container in a pressure vessel
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
equipped with a pressure gauge. The pressure vessel is charged
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
with air or oxygen to a gauge pressure of 620 kPa (90 psi, 6.2
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
bar) (see conversion factor 1), placed in a constant-temperature
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
oil bath set at a controlled temperature (typically 115 °C
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(239 °F) or 150 °C (302 °F)) and rotated axially at 100 rpm at
Specific hazard statements are given in 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.7,
an angle of 30° from horizontal for 168 h. The use of air or
6.8, 6.9, 6.10, 11.1, 12.8, 12.9, and 12.10.
oxygen and test temperature is left to the discretion of the user
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
of the test. Engine coolant performance is assessed for corro-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
sion protection based on changes in metal coupon weights and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
coolant stability is evaluated based on changes in coolant
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
physical and compositional properties. The test method is
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
based on a combination of Test Method D1384 (modified metal
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
coupon bundle) and Test Method D2272 (glassware, pressure
2. Referenced Documents vessel, and bath apparatus) test procedures.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 100 kPa 5 1.00 bar 5 14.5 psi (1)
B32 Specification for Solder Metal
4. Significance and Use
D1176 Practice for Sampling and Preparing Aqueous Solu-
4.1 Engines operating under severe conditions involving
tions of Engine Coolants or Antirusts for Testing Purposes
high temperatures, hot spot areas, entrained air, or small
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
cooling systems, or combinations thereof, are placing greater
D1384 Test Method for Corrosion Test for Engine Coolants
emphasis on engine coolant oxidation stability and corrosion
in Glassware
protection. This test method provides an accelerated test
method to assess engine coolant performance under high
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on Engine
temperature oxidizing test conditions of new, used, or recycled
Coolants and Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
engine coolants, or combinations thereof. The test method may
D15.21 on Extended Life Coolants.
also serve as a screening tool to determine oxidation stability.
Current edition approved March 1, 2024. Published March 2024. Originally
The test results of this method cannot stand alone as evidence
approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D7820 – 19. DOI:
10.1520/D7820-19R24.
of satisfactory oxidation stability and corrosion protection. The
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
actual service of an engine coolant formulation can be deter-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mined only by more comprehensive bench, dynamometer, and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. field tests.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7820 − 19 (2024)
FIG. 1 Schematic Drawing of Rotary Pressure Vessel Test Apparatus
5. Apparatus 6.4 Hydrochloric Acid, concentrated HCl (specific gravity
(sp gr) 1.19). (Warning—HCl is a strong acid. Avoid contact
5.1 Oxidation Vessel, Glass Sample Container with Four-
with skin and eyes. Handle in a fume hood.)
Hole Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Disk, Hold-Down
Spring, Pressure Gauge, and Test Bath, as described in Annex 6.5 Isopropyl Alcohol, reagent grade. (Warning—
A1. The assembled apparatus is shown schematically in Fig. 1 Flammable, health hazard.)
and Fig. A1.5.
6.6 Liquid Detergent.
5.2 Temperature-Measuring Instrument (Environmentally
6.7 n-Heptane, 99.0 minimum mol% (pure grade).
Safe Thermometer or Thermocouple)—An ASTM partial im-
(Warning—Flammable, health hazard.)
mersion temperature-measuring instrument having a range
6.8 Nitric Acid, HNO 70% mass. (Warning—HNO3 is a
from –20 °C to 150 °C (0 °F to 302 °F) and conforming to the
strong toxic oxidant and acid. Avoid contact with skin, eyes,
requirements for Thermometer 1C (1F), as prescribed in
and clothing. Do not breathe vapor. Handle in a fume hood.)
Specification E1 or thermocouple as summarized in Specifica-
tion E230/E230M.
6.9 Oxygen, 99.5 % with pressure regulation to 620 kPa
(90 psi, 6.2 bar). (Warning—Vigorously accelerates combus-
6. Reagents and Materials
tion.)
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent-grade chemicals shall be
6.10 Potassium Hydroxide, Alcohol Solution (1 mass %)—
used in all tests. Unless otherwise specified, it is intended that
Dissolve 12 g of potassium hydroxide (KOH) pellets in 1 L of
all reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee on
the isopropyl alcohol. (Warning—Flammable, health hazard.)
Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where
6.11 Silicone Stopcock Grease.
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used
provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently
7. Test Specimens
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of
NOTE 1—The specimens prescribed in this test method have been
the determination.
accepted by automobile manufacturers, but their composition may not be
the same as that of alloys currently used for engine-cooling system
6.2 Acetone, reagent grade. (Warning—Flammable, health
components. Therefore, specimens other than those designated in this test
hazard.)
method may be used by mutual agreement of the parties involved.
6.3 Glacial Acetic Acid Concentrate, reagent grade. 4
7.1 Type—The following metal test specimens, representa-
(Warning—Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Handle in a
tive of cooling system metals, shall be used.
fume hood.)
3 4
ACS Reagent Chemicals, Specifications and Procedures for Reagents and The sole source of supply of metal test specimens (complete sets or individual)
Standard-Grade Reference Materials, American Chemical Society, Washington, known to the committee at this time is The Metaspec Company, P.O. Box 27707,
DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by the American Chemical San Antonio, TX 78227. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this
Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, U.S. Pharma- careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which
copeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD. you may attend.
D7820 − 19 (2024)
1 1
7.1.1 Steel—UNS G10200 (SAE 1020 ) cut from 1.59 mm by 1 ⁄8 in.). A 6.35 mm ( ⁄4 in.) diameter hole shall be drilled in
( ⁄16 in.) cold rolled sheet stock to size 50.8 mm by 25.4 mm each leg with the hole centered between 22.22 mm and
7 1
(2 in. by 1 in.). Chemical composition of the carbon steel is as 28.58 mm ( ⁄8 in. and 1 ⁄8 in.) of the length and 14.28 mm
follows: carbon, 0.17 % to 0.23 %, manganese; 0.30 % to ( ⁄16 in.) from each side. The test “bundle” shall be made up on
0.60 %; phosphorus, 0.04 % maximum; sulfur, 0.05 % maxi- the insulated screw with the specimens in the following order:
mum. PTFE leg, copper, solder, brass, steel, cast iron, cast aluminum,
7.1.2 Copper, conforming to UNS C11000 (SAE CA110) or and PTFE leg. The specimens shall be separated by 3.18 mm
1 17
UNS C11300 (SAE CA113). Cold rolled and cut from ( ⁄8 in.) insulating PTFE spacers having a 6.75 mm ( ⁄64 in.)
1 7
1.59 mm ( ⁄16 in) sheet stock to size 50.8 mm by 25.4 mm (2 in. inside diameter and a 11.11 mm ( ⁄16 in.) outside diameter. The
by 1 in.). bundle shall be firmly tightened together with the bolt and nut.
7.1.3 Brass, conforming to Alloy UNS C26000 (SAE CA Inspect the bundle to insure that there is not electrical connec-
260). Half-hard, cut from 1.59 mm ( ⁄16 in.) sheet stock to size tion between the metal specimens, center bolt, and nut. Inspect
50.8 mm by 25.4 mm (2 in. by 1 in.). the bundle also to ensure that the PTFE legs extend past the
7.1.4 Solder—A brass specimen as described in 7.1.3 coated metal specimens on the bottom and sides to minimize etching
with solder conforming to Alloy Grade 30A (SAE 3A) of of the borosilicate glass container by the metal specimen
Specification B32. bundle.
7.1.5 Cast Aluminum, conforming to alloy UNS A23190
8. Preparation of Test Specimens
(SAE 329). Specimen size, 50.8 mm by 25.4 mm by 3.18 mm
(2 in. by 1 in. by ⁄8 in.). 8.1 Sand the cast iron and cast aluminum specimens on the
7.1.6 Cast Iron, conforming to Alloy UNS F10007 (SAE
25.4 mm by 50.8 mm (1 in. by 2 in.) cut surfaces with “coarse”
G3500). Specimen size, 50.8 mm by 25.4 mm by 3.18 mm grade (No. 1) emery cloth. Remove any burrs from coupon
(2 in. by 1 in. by ⁄8 in.).
edges and hole. Scrub all specimens vigorously using a
moistened bristle brush and ground pumice powder or fine
7.2 Arrangement—See Fig. 2.
FIG. 2 Test Specimens Arrangement
7.2.1 Metal Specimen Arrangement—None of the hardware silicon carbide grit until the entire metal area is bright, shiny,
used in the metal specimen arrangement (metal specimen, and free from any visible oxide film or tarnish.
screws, insulating spacers, insulating sleeves, and nuts) can be
8.2 Rinse the specimens thoroughly with tap water, then
reused for a test. The metal test specimens shall be drilled
rinse with acetone, dry, and weigh to nearest 1 mg. Cast
through the center with a 6.75 mm ( ⁄64 in.) drill to accom-
aluminum specimens should be dried in a 100 °C (212 °F)
modate a 41.28 mm (1 ⁄8 in.) 10-24 brass machine screw
oven for 1 h to a constant weight before recording the weight.
covered with a thin-walled insulating sleeve. Polytetrafluoro-
NOTE 2—If the test specimens are not to be used immediately, keep
ethylene tubing with a 6.35 mm ( ⁄4 in.) outside diameter, width
them in a desiccator until required.
1 1
of 1.59 mm ( ⁄16 in.), and a wall thickness of 0.4 mm ( ⁄64 in.)
9. Test Solution
is satisfactory. Two PTFE legs shall be cut from 1.59 mm
( ⁄16 in.) PTFE sheet stock to size 50.80 mm by 28.58 mm (2 in.
9.1 Engine Coolant Test Fluid—The engine coolant test
fluid shall be prepared by mixing 50 vol % engine coolant
concentrate with 50 vol % Specification D1193 Type IV
UNIFIED Numbering System for Metals and Alloys, SAE-ASTM, July 1995. reagent water in accordance with Practice D1176 preparation
D7820 − 19 (2024)
NOTE 3—The water between the vessel wall and the sample container
procedure. Pre-diluted/ready-to-use 50/50 coolants may also be
aids heat transfer.
used in this test method.
12.2 Tighten the closure ring by hand. Cover the threads of
9.2 The engine coolant test fluid shall be tested before and
the gauge-nipple with a thin coating of stopcock grease (PTFE
after the test for physical properties and chemical properties
pipe tape is a suitable alternative to the use of stopcock grease)
(water/glycol content and pH; corrosion inhibitors: boron,
and screw the gauge into the top center of the vessel stem.
nitrite, nitrate, molybdenum, phosphate, silicate, azoles, and
Attach the oxygen or air line with an inline pressure gauge to
other organic additive technology inhibitors; corrosion metals:
the inlet valve on the vessel stem. Slowly turn on the oxygen
aluminum, copper, iron, lead, and zinc; and coolant oxidation
or air supply valve until the pressure has reached 620 kPa (90
products: glycolates and formates).
psi, 6.2 bar). Turn off the gas supply valve. Slowly release
10. Test Conditions
pressure by loosening the fitting or by using an inline bleeder
valve. Repeat purging process two more times; the purge step
10.1 Engine Coolant Test Fluid—The test shall be run on a
should take approximately 3 min. Adjust the regulating valve
55 mL sample of engine coolant test fluid per test.
on the gas supply tank to 620 kPa (90 psi, 6.2 bar) at a room
10.2 Test Gas and Temperature—The test shall be con-
temperature of 25 °C (77 °F). For each 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) above or
ducted using either (1) air at 115 °C (239 °F) or (2) oxygen at
below this temperature, 5 kPa (0.7 psi, 0.05 bar) shall be added
150 °C (302 °F). The temperature shall be maintained at 62 °C
or subtracted to attain the required initial pressure. Fill the
throughout the test.
vessel to this required pressure and close the inlet valve
10.3 Rotary Pressure Vessel—The rotary pressure vessel
securely by hand. If desired, test the vessel for leaks by
shall be charged with 620 kPa (90 psi) gas (oxygen or air) and
immersing in water (see Note 4).
rotated in the bath at 100 rpm at a 30° angle from horizontal.
NOTE 4—If the vessel was immersed in water to check for leaks, dry the
outside of the wet vessel by any convenient means such as air blast or a
10.4 T
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