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ASTM D5446-01

(Test Method)

Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints

Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints

SCOPE
1.1 This standard is a listing of the test methods commonly employed in determining the physical properties of fabrics and yarns used in the manufacture of inflatable restraints.
1.2 Fabrics used in the manufacture of inflatable restraints may be coated or uncoated, and may be comprised of spun yarns, continuous filament yarns, or a combination thereof.
1.3 Fabrics used in the manufacturer of inflatable restraints may be either flat or one piece woven. For the one-piece woven, follow the sampling section of D 5446 and the individual test method.
1.4 In Section 9, this standard lists is alphabetical order the procedures associated with conducting physical testing of the following fabric or yarn properties of concern to the design and manufacture of inflatable restraints.YarnSectionDenier (Yarn Number)9.3.1Fiber Content9.3.2Finish (Extractable Material)9.3.3Strength and Elongation9.3.4Twist9.3.5FabricAir Permeability9.3.6Abrasion Resistance9.3.7Blocking9.3.8Bow and Skew9.3.9Breaking Force Elongation9.3.10Burst Strength9.3.11Coating Adhesion9.3.12Coating Weight9.3.13Count of Woven Fabric9.3.14Dynamic Air Permeability9.3.28Edgecomb Resistance9.3.29Flammability9.3.15Fogging (Volatility)9.3.16Length9.3.17Mass per Unit Area9.3.18Non-Fibrous Material9.3.19Odor9.3.20Packability9.3.30pH9.3.21Stiffness9.3.22Tear Strength9.3.23Thickness9.3.24Warp Size Content Residual Sizing9.3.25Width9.3.26ThreadSewing Thread9.3.27
1.5 This standard may be used in conjunction with Practice D 5427 which prescribes standard practices for the accelerated aging of inflatable restraint fabrics when comparative results of physical properties before and after accelerated aging are required.
1.6 Procedures and apparatus other than those stated in this standard may be used by agreement of purchaser and supplier with the specific deviations from the standard practice acknowledged in the report.
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independent of the other.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Note 3.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Dec-2001
ICS
43.040.60 - Bodies and body components
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.20 - Inflatable Restraints
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D5446-02 - Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002

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ASTM D5446-01 - Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable RestraintsASTM D5446-01 - Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints
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ASTM D5446-01 - Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints
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Standards Content (Sample)

Designation: D 5446 – 01
Standard Practice for
Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and
1
Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5446; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
Warp Size Content & Residual Sizing 9.3.25
Width 9.3.26
1.1 This standard is a listing of the test methods commonly
Thread
employed in determining the physical properties of fabrics and Sewing Thread 9.3.27
yarns used in the manufacture of inflatable restraints.
1.5 This standard may be used in conjunction with Practice
1.2 Fabrics used in the manufacture of inflatable restraints
D 5427 which prescribes standard practices for the accelerated
may be coated or uncoated, and may be comprised of spun
aging of inflatable restraint fabrics when comparative results of
yarns, continuous filament yarns, or a combination thereof.
physical properties before and after accelerated aging are
1.3 Fabrics used in the manufacturer of inflatable restraints
required.
may be either flat or one piece woven. For the one-piece
1.6 Procedures and apparatus other than those stated in this
woven, follow the sampling section of D 5446 and the indi-
standard may be used by agreement of purchaser and supplier
vidual test method.
with the specific deviations from the standard practice ac-
1.4 In Section 9, this standard lists is alphabetical order the
knowledged in the report.
procedures associated with conducting physical testing of the
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
following fabric or yarn properties of concern to the design and
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
manufacture of inflatable restraints.
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
Yarn Section
must be used independent of the other.
Denier (Yarn Number) 9.3.1
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Fiber Content 9.3.2
Finish (Extractable Material) 9.3.3
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Strength and Elongation 9.3.4
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Twist 9.3.5
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Fabric
Air Permeability 9.3.6
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Note 3.
Abrasion Resistance 9.3.7
Blocking 9.3.8
2. Referenced Documents
Bow and Skew 9.3.9
Breaking Force & Elongation 9.3.10
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Burst Strength 9.3.11 2
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
Coating Adhesion 9.3.12
2
D 204 Test Methods for Sewing Thread
Coating Weight 9.3.13
2
Count of Woven Fabric 9.3.14
D 276 Test Methods for Identification of Fibers in Textiles
Dynamic Air Permeability 9.3.28 2
D 737 Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics
Edgecomb Resistance 9.3.29
3
D 751 Test Methods for Testing Coated Fabric
Flammability 9.3.15
Fogging (Volatility) 9.3.16
D 1059 Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-
Length 9.3.17
2
Length Specimens
Mass per Unit Area 9.3.18
2
D 1388 Test Methods for Stiffness of Fabrics
Non-Fibrous Material 9.3.19
Odor 9.3.20
D 1422 Test Method for Twist in Yarns by the Untwist
Packability 9.3.30
2
Retwist Method
pH 9.3.21
D 1423 Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct Count
Stiffness 9.3.22
2
Tear Strength 9.3.23
Method
Thickness 9.3.24
D 1777 Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Textile
2
Materials
D 1907 Test Method for Yarn Number by the Skein
1
2
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on
Method
Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.20 on Inflatable
Restraints.
2
Current edition approved December 10, 2001. Published December 2001. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01
3
Originally published as D 5446 – 93. Last previous edition D 5446 – 99. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 5446
D 2256 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Method 81 pH of Water—Extract from Wet Processed
2
Single Strand Method Textiles
2
D 2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles
3. Terminology
D 2261 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Woven Fabrics
3.1 Definitions:
by the Tongue (Single Rip) Method (Constant-Rate-of-
2
Extension Tensile Testing Machine) 3.1.1 coated fabric, n—a flexible material composed of a
4
textile fabric and an adherent polymeric material applied to one
D 3773 Test Method for Length of Woven Fabric
4
D 3774 Test Method for Width of Woven Fabric or both sides.
4
3.1.2 inflatable restraint, n—a vehicular safety device de-
D 3775 Test Method for Fabric Count of Woven Fabric
D 3776 Test Method for Mass Per Unit Area
...

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5.1 Every ASTM test method listed in 2.1 contains a section describing its particular significance and use. Other test methods listed in 2.1 of this practice may contain sections pertaining to their particular significance and use.  
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9.3.2    
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9.3.3    
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Fabric  
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Flammability  
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Mass per Unit Area  
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Stiffness  
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Tear Strength  
9.3.23  
Thickness  
9.3.24  
Warp Size Content & Residual Sizing  
9.3.25  
Width  
9.3.26  
Sewing Thread  
9.3.27  
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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1.2 Procedures and apparatus other than those stated in this standard may be used by agreement of purchaser and supplier with the specific deviations from the standard practice acknowledged in the report.  
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Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Every ASTM test method listed in 2.1 contains a section describing its particular significance and use. Other test methods listed in 2.1 of this practice may contain sections pertaining to their particular significance and use.  
5.2 The physical testing procedures in this practice can be used in conjunction with lot sampling procedures as a basis for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of inflatable restraint fabrics. They may be used to establish the criteria by which inflatable restraint fabrics will be tested by the supplier to determine whether a lot of material is acceptable for shipment to the purchaser.  
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1.1 This practice is a listing of the test methods commonly employed in determining the physical properties of fabrics and yarns used in the manufacture of inflatable restraints.  
1.2 Fabrics used in the manufacture of inflatable restraints may be coated or uncoated, and may be comprised of spun yarns, continuous filament yarns, or a combination thereof.  
1.3 Fabrics used in the manufacturer of inflatable restraints may be either flat or one piece woven. For the one-piece woven, follow the sampling section of D5446 and the individual test method.  
1.4 In Section 9, this practice lists is alphabetical order the procedures associated with conducting physical testing of the following fabric or yarn properties of concern to the design and manufacture of inflatable restraints.    
Yarn  
Section  
Denier (Yarn Number)  
9.3.1    
Fiber Content  
9.3.2    
Finish (Extractable Material)  
9.3.3    
Strength and Elongation  
9.3.4    
Twist  
9.3.5    
Fabric  
Air Permeability  
9.3.6    
Abrasion Resistance  
9.3.7    
Blocking  
9.3.8    
Bow and Skew  
9.3.9    
Breaking Force & Elongation  
9.3.10  
Burst Strength  
9.3.11  
Coating Adhesion  
9.3.12  
Coating Weight  
9.3.13  
Count of Woven Fabric  
9.3.14  
Dynamic Air Permeability  
9.3.28  
Edgecomb Resistance  
9.3.29  
Flammability  
9.3.15  
Fogging (Volatility)  
9.3.16  
Length  
9.3.17  
Mass per Unit Area  
9.3.18  
Non-Fibrous Material  
9.3.19  
Odor  
9.3.20  
Packability  
9.3.30  
pH  
9.3.21  
Stiffness  
9.3.22  
Tear Strength  
9.3.23  
Thickness  
9.3.24  
Warp Size Content & Residual Sizing  
9.3.25  
Width  
9.3.26  
Sewing Thread  
9.3.27  
1.5 This practice may be used in conjunction with Practice D5427 which prescribes standard practices for the accelerated aging of inflatable restraint fabrics when comparative results of physical properties before and after accelerated aging are required.  
1.6 Procedures and apparatus other than those stated in this practice may be used by agreement of purchaser and supplier with the specific deviations from the standard practice acknowledged in the report.  
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independent of the other.  
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1.2 Procedures in this test method describe operator techniques that must be followed closely to obtain repeatable and accurate results. Since these techniques are difficult to convey in writing, supplemental training for operators is required. A training video is available from ASTM (see Adjuncts ADJD6478 and ADJD6478A).  
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1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oil Spill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments, Lakes and Large Water Bodies

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide is meant to aid response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events.  
3.2 This guide should be adapted to site specific circumstance.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of oil spill dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills. The guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these and other factors are often important in spill response.  
1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. Chemical dispersants should be given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures.  
1.3 This is a general guide only. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual dispersants or between different oil products are not considered. The dispersibility of the oil with the chosen dispersant should be evaluated.  
1.4 The guide is organized by habitat type, for example, small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It considers the use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats from impact (or to minimize impacts).  
1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland environments. It does not consider the direct application of dispersants to subsurface waters.  
1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.  
1.7 This guide does not address getting regulatory approval.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    3 pages
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  • Guide
    3 pages
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ASTM
ASTM C596-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing Hydraulic Cement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method establishes a selected set of conditions of temperature, relative humidity and rate of evaporation of the environment to which a mortar specimen of stated composition shall be subjected for a specified period of time during which its change in length is determined and designated “drying shrinkage.”  
4.2 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by this test method has a linear relation to the drying shrinkage of concrete made with the same cement and exposed to the same drying conditions.4 Hence this test method may be used when it is desired to develop data on the effect of a hydraulic cement on the drying shrinkage of concrete made with that cement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the change in length on drying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and graded standard sand.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. When combined standards are referenced, the selection of measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).2  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
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  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
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