ASTM D2782-17

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-Pressure Properties of Lubricating Fluids (Timken Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used widely for the determination of extreme pressure properties for specification purposes. Users are cautioned to carefully consider the precision and bias statements herein when establishing specification limits.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load-carrying capacity of lubricating fluids by means of the Timken Extreme Pressure Tester.  
Note 1: This test method is suitable for testing fluids having a viscosity of less than about 5000 cSt (5000 mm2/s) at 40 °C. For testing fluids having a higher viscosity, refer to Note 5 in 9.1.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Because the equipment used in this test method is available only in inch-pound units, SI units are omitted when referring to the equipment and the test specimens.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 9.4, and 9.9.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2017
• ICS: 75.080 - Petroleum products in general
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.L0.11 - Tribological Properties of Industrial Fluids and Lubricates

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2782 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Extreme-Pressure Properties of Lubricating
1
Fluids (Timken Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2782; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope G40Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load-
3
Photograph of Test Blocks Showing Scars
carrying capacity of lubricating fluids by means of theTimken
Extreme Pressure Tester.
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—This test method is suitable for testing fluids having a
3.1 Definitions:
2
viscosity of less than about 5000cSt (5000mm /s) at 40°C. For testing
3.1.1 extreme pressure (EP) additive, n, in a lubricant—a
fluids having a higher viscosity, refer to Note 5 in 9.1.
substance that minimizes damage to metal surfaces in contact
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
under high-stress rubbing conditions. D4175
standard. Because the equipment used in this test method is
3.1.2 lubricant, n—any substance interposed between two
available only in inch-pound units, SI units are omitted when
surfaces for the purpose of reducing friction or wear between
referring to the equipment and the test specimens.
them. G40
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.3 scoring, n, in tribology—a severe form of wear char-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
acterized by the formation of extensive grooves and scratches
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
in the direction of sliding. G40
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.4 wear, n—damage to a solid surface generally involv-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ingprogressivelossofmaterial,duetorelativemotionbetween
Specific warning statements are given in 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 9.4,
that surface and a contacting substance or substances. G40
and 9.9.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.1 load-carrying capacity of a lubricant—as determined
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
by this test method, the maximum load or pressure that can be
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
sustained by the lubricant (when used in the given system
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
underspecificconditions)withoutfailureoftheslidingcontact
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
surfaces as evidenced by scoring or seizure or asperity weld-
ing.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.2 OK value, n—as determined by this test method, the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
maximummass(weight)addedtotheloadleverweightpan,at
D2509Test Method for Measurement of Load-Carrying
which no scoring or seizure occurs.
Capacity of Lubricating Grease (Timken Method)
3.2.3 score value, n—as determined by this test method, the
D4175Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
minimum mass (weight) added to the load lever weight pan, at
Fuels, and Lubricants
which scoring or seizure occurs.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Whenthelubricantfilmissubstantially
maintained, a smooth scar is obtained on the test block, but
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
when there is a breakdown of the lubricant film, scoring or
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.L0.11 on Tribological Properties of Industrial Fluids and
surface failure of the test block takes place, as shown in Figs.
Lubricates.
1 and 2. In its simplest and most recognized form, scoring is
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originally
ε1 characterizedbythefurrowedappearanceofawidescaronthe
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D2782–02(2014) .
test block and by excessive pick-up of metal on the surface of
DOI: 10.1520/D2782-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
the ASTM website. ADJD2509. Original adjunct produced in 1972.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2782 − 17
FIG. 1 Test Blocks Showing Various Types of Scar
are ca
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D2782 − 02 (Reapproved 2014) D2782 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Extreme-Pressure Properties of Lubricating
1
Fluids (Timken Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2782; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—The IP logo and designation were removed and footnote 1 was corrected editorially in July 2016.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load-carrying capacity of lubricating fluids by means of the Timken
Extreme Pressure Tester.
2
NOTE 1—This test method is suitable for testing fluids having a viscosity of less than about 5000 cSt (5000 mm /s) at 40 °C. For testing fluids having
a higher viscosity, refer to Note 5 in 9.1.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Because the equipment used in this test method is available only
in inch-pound units, SI units are omitted when referring to the equipment and the test specimens.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 9.4, and 9.9.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2509 Test Method for Measurement of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricating Grease (Timken Method)
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
3
Photograph of Test Blocks Showing Scars
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 extreme pressure (EP) additive, n, in a lubricant—a substance that minimizes damage to metal surfaces in contact under
high-stress rubbing conditions. D4175
3.1.2 lubricant, n—any substance interposed between two surfaces for the purpose of reducing friction or wear between them.
G40
3.1.3 scoring, n, in tribology—a severe form of wear characterized by the formation of extensive grooves and scratches in the
direction of sliding. G40
3.1.4 wear, n—damage to a solid surface generally involving progressive loss of material, due to relative motion between that
surface and a contacting substance or substances. G40
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.L0.11 on Tribological Properties of Industrial Fluids and Lubricates.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014Dec. 1, 2017. Published July 2014December 2017. Originally approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 20082014 as
ε1
D2782 – 02 (2008).(2014) . DOI: 10.1520/D2782-02R14E01.10.1520/D2782-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD2509. Original adjunct produced in 1972.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2782 − 17
3.2.1 load-carrying capacity of a lubricant—as determined by this test method, the maximum load or pressure that can be
sustained by the lubricant (when used in the given system under specific conditions) without failure of the sliding contact surfaces
as evidenced by scoring or seizure or asperity welding.
3.2.2 OK value, n—as determined by this test method, the maximum mass (weight) added to the load lever weight pan, at which
no scoring or seizure occurs.
3.2.3 score value, n—as determined by this test method, the minimum mass (weight) added to the load lever weight pan, at
...