ASTM D2798-99(2004)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of the Reflectance of Vitrinite in a Polished Specimen of Coal
Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of the Reflectance of Vitrinite in a Polished Specimen of Coal
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the microscopical determination of both the mean maximum and mean random reflectances measured in oil of polished surfaces of vitrinite and other macerals present in coals ranging in rank from lignite to anthracite. This test method can be used to determine the reflectance of other macerals.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 2798 – 99 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
Microscopical Determination of the Reflectance of Vitrinite
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in a Polished Specimen of Coal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2798; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope in percent reflectance after calibration of photometric equip-
ment by measuring the reflected light from standards of
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthemicroscopicaldetermination
reflectance as calculated from their refractive indices.
of both the mean maximum and mean random reflectances
measured in oil of polished surfaces of vitrinite and other
5. Significance and Use
macerals present in coals ranging in rank from lignite to
5.1 The mean maximum reflectance of the vitrinite compo-
anthracite. This test method can be used to determine the
nent in coal as determined by this test method is often used as
reflectance of other macerals.
an indicator of rank as presented in Classification D 388,
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
independent of petrographic composition, and in the charac-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
terization of coal as feedstock for carbonization, gasification,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
liquefaction, and combustion processes. If mean maximum
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
reflectance is used as a rank indicator, the types of vitrinites
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
measured shall be specified.
2. Referenced Documents 5.2 This test method is for use in scientific and industrial
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research.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 121 Terminology of Coal and Coke
6. Apparatus
D 388 Classification of Coals by Rank
6.1 Microscope—Any microscope equipped for reflected
D 2797 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Micro-
light microscopy (such as a metallurgical or opaque-ore mi-
scopical Analysis by Reflected Light
croscope) can be used, provided the lens combination of
3. Terminology objective and eyepieces permits examination of the specimen
at a magnification between 400 and 3 750, such that particles
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms, refer to Terminol-
of 1 µm can be resolved.The objectives shall be constructed so
ogy D 121.
that samples can be examined in oil with plane-polarized light
3.2 Abbreviations:Abbreviations:
and have the highest quality of antireflection coatings. The
3.2.1 R —mean maximum reflectance measured in oil.
max
microscope shall be able to project an image at similar
3.2.2 R —mean random reflectance measured in oil.
m
magnification to a photomultiplier tube and to support the
4. Summary of Test Method
photomultiplier tube housing. Means shall be provided to
position the tube housing laterally to obtain maximum re-
4.1 Thereflectanceofthemaceralvitriniteorothermacerals
sponse. The microscope shall have a circular stage that is
is determined in this test method by illuminating a polished
capable of rotating a specimen through 360°. The mechanical
surface of a section of coal in immersion oil using a micro-
stage attached to the microscope stage shall enable the analyst
scopic system that photometrically measures the amount of
to move the specimen accurately (within 0.1 mm) to a given
light reflected from the surface. The reflected light is recorded
field location. A combination of objective and circular stage
shall permit centering. The viewing eyepiece shall be supplied
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal
with a crosshair or grid to be used as a reference to locate
and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.28 on Petrographic
precisely the area sampled by the phototube. During measure-
Analysis of Coal and Coke.
ment, no light shall be permitted to enter the observer’s end of
Current edition approved Oct 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originally
the viewing eyepiece.
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 2798 – 99.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.2 Polarizer and Illuminator—The light incident on the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
vertical illuminator of the microscope shall be plane-polarized
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
by a prism or sheet polarizer. The vertical illuminator can
the ASTM website.
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D 2798 –
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