ASTM D3375-95a(2001)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Column Capacity of Particulate Mixed Bed Ion Exchange Materials
Standard Test Method for Column Capacity of Particulate Mixed Bed Ion Exchange Materials
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the performance of particulate mixed bed ion exchange materials in the regenerated form when used for deionization. It is intended for use in testing unused mixed bed materials and samples of regenerated mixed beds from operating units.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D 3375–95a (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Test Method for
Column Capacity of Particulate Mixed Bed Ion
Exchange Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3375; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the perfor- 5.1 This test method can be used to evaluate unused mixed
mance of particulate mixed bed ion exchange materials in the bed ion exchange materials for conformance to specifications.
regenerated form when used for deionization. It is intended for When a representative sample of the mixed bed can be
use in testing unused mixed bed materials and samples of obtained from an operating unit, this test method can be used
regenerated mixed beds from operating units. to evaluate the regeneration efficiency by comparison with the
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the same data obtained with new material from the same manu-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the factured lots, or retained samples of the in-place products.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 5.2 This test method provides for the calculation of capacity
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- in terms of the volume of water treated to a conductivity end
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. point.
5.3 The test method as written assumes that the cation
2. Referenced Documents
exchange material has been regenerated to the hydrogen form
2.1 ASTM Standards: with acid and the anion exchange material has been regener-
D 1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Re-
ated with alkali to the hydroxide or free-base form. In certain
sistivity of Water applications a cation exchange material in the potassium,
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
ammonium, or other monovalent form may be encountered.
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water Such materials may be tested following this procedure using
D 1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
Test Water A (Test Methods D 1782) as the influent and
D 1782 Test Methods for Operating Performance of Par-
substituting the hardness end point (Test Methods D 1782) for
ticulate Cation-Exchange Materials the end points prescribed herein.
D 2687 Practices for Sampling Particulate Ion-Exchange
5.4 In most cases the product tested will be properly mixed
Materials and will contain the correct proportions of anion and cation
D 2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
exchange materials. However, if the pH as well as the
Applicable Methods of Committee D19 on Water conductivity of the effluent is measured, the test method will
indicate which of the components is present in excess; an acid
3. Terminology
effluent at breakthrough indicating an excess of regenerated
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms related to water,
cation exchange groups and an alkaline effluent an excess of
refer to Terminology D 1129.
regenerated anion exchange groups. In such cases the volumes
of the two components obtained in the final backwash will
4. Summary of Test Method
indicate whether this imbalance arises from improper regen-
4.1 This test method consists of exhausting a column of
eration or from an improper ratio of the two components. It
regenerated mixed bed ion exchange material to a specific end
should be noted, however, that not all units are charged with a
point with an influent solution of known composition and
balanced ratio of anion-exchanging and cation-exchanging
volume.
groups. Hence, wherever possible, a field sample should be
evaluated in comparison with a retained sample of the original
charge.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
5.5 This test method provides for the calculation of capacity
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion
on either a wet weight basis or a volume basis. Although such
Exchange Materials.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1995. Published November 1995. Originally
materials are normally bought and sold in terms of cubic feet,
published as D 3375 – 75. Last previous edition D 3375 – 95.
they are actually packaged in wet pounds. Therefore, it is the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 3375–95a (2001)
capacity on a wet weight basis that is directly correlatable to Adequate means of regulating and measuring flow shall be
the amount of material in a given shipment. provided. Support for the sample shall be provided so that the
5.6 Calculation of a volume capacity is based on the distance from the sample to the column outlet is at least 50
exhausted, separated volume of the components after back- mm. Calibrate the column in such a manner that the volume
washing and resettling the bed. This volume is chosen because readings required by the test method can be made. Make all
it is difficult, if not impossible, to pack a sample of regenerated calibration measurements at 25 6 5°C.
mixed bed material in a small-diameter column reproducibly.
6.1.2 SampleSupport,sodesignedthatthedistancefromthe
5.7 This test method may be used to test mixed bed resin
sample to the column outlet is at least 50 mm. A suggested
cartridges. In such cases the flow rate of test water and the
supporting bed utilizes quartz, gravel, glass beads, or other
frequency of sampling must be varied to compensate for the
material 1.5 to 3.5 mm in diameter, insoluble in the reagents
approximate volume of resin in the test sample. The test as
used, and retained on a corrosion-resistant screen.
written assumes a resin volume of approximately 330 mL.
6.2 Measuring circuit and in-line conductivity cells as
described in Test Methods D 1125. A continuous recorder is
6. Apparatus
recommended.
6.1 Test Assembly (Fig. 1), consisting of the following:
6.3 pH Meter, with associated electrodes as described in
6.1.1 Column, transparent supported 25 6 2.5-mm (1 6
Test Methods D 1293.Acontinuous recorder is recommended.
0.1-in.) inside diameter and approximately 1500 mm (60 in.)
long. The bottom of the column shall be closed and provided
7. Reagents
with an outlet of about 6-mm inside diameter. Connections
shall be provided at the top and the bottom for the admission 7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
and removal of the exhausting solution as described in 7.4. used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
FIG. 1 Typical Arrangement of Apparatus for Performance Testing of Ion Exchange Materials
D 3375–95a (2001)
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit- 7.7 Phenolphthalein Indicator Solution (10.0 g/L)—
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society, Dissolve 1.0 g of phenolphthalein in 100 mL of 95 % ethanol.
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
NOTE 2—In most cases certain denatured alcohols such as specially
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
denatured Formula Nos. 3A, 30, or 2B may be substituted for ethanol.
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
7.8 Potassium Chromate Solution (50 g/L)—Dissolve 5.0 g
accuracy of the determination.
of potassium chromate (K CrO ) in 50 mL of water. Dilute to
2 4
7.2 Purity of Water—All reference to water in this test
100 mL with water.
method shall be understood to mean Reagent Water Type I or
7.9 Silver Nitrate Solution, Standard (0.10 N)—Dry crys-
II conforming to Specification D 1193, with the additional
talline silver nitrate (AgNO ) at 105°C for 1 h and cool in a
requirement that the silica concentration is less than 0.1 mg/L.
desiccator.Weighout17 60.05g.Transfertoa1-Lvolumetric
7.3 Ammonium Hydroxide Solution (1 + 19)—Carefully
flask with water. Dissolve in 500 mL of water and mix
pour 50 mL of concentrated ammonium hydroxide (NH OH,
thoroughly. Dilute to 1 L with water at 25 6 5°C. Mix well.
spgr0.90)into500mLofwater,stirringconstantly.Coolto25
Store the solution in a tightly stoppered amber glass bottle.
6 5°C and dilute to 1 L with water. Mix well.
7.9.1 To standardize, dry app
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