ASTM D2248-01a(2018)

Standard Practice for Detergent Resistance of Organic Finishes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Any effects such as color change, blistering. loss of adhesion, softening, or embrittlement are observed and noted.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the resistance to failure, in an accelerated manner, of organic finishes when immersed in a detergent solution.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2018
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.27 - Accelerated Testing

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D2248-01a(2013) - Standard Practice for Detergent Resistance of Organic Finishes
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2018
• Refers: ASTM D1005-95(2020) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2020
• Refers: ASTM D1730-09(2020) - Standard Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Refers: ASTM D610-08(2019) - Standard Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2019
• Refers: ASTM D823-17 - Standard Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2017
• Refers: ASTM D1654-08(2016) - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2016
• Refers: ASTM D2244-15a - Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2015
• Refers: ASTM D2244-15 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2015
• Refers: ASTM D2244-15e1 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2015
• Refers: ASTM D1730-09(2014) - Standard Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2014
• Refers: ASTM D2244-14 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
• Effective Date: 01-May-2014
• Refers: ASTM D523-14 - Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2014
• Refers: ASTM D2197-13 - Standard Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings by Scrape Adhesion
• Effective Date: 15-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM D610-08(2012) - Standard Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Refers: ASTM D823-95(2012) - Standard Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012

Overview

ASTM D2248-01a(2018): Standard Practice for Detergent Resistance of Organic Finishes is an internationally recognized ASTM standard that establishes procedures to determine the resistance of organic coatings when exposed to a detergent solution. This accelerated testing practice assesses the durability and failure characteristics of various organic finishes, such as paints, varnishes, and related coatings. The method is essential for manufacturers, suppliers, and quality control laboratories to evaluate how coatings hold up against detergent exposure, ensuring product reliability in end-use environments.

Key Topics

• Detergent Resistance Testing: The standard provides a means to measure coating durability by immersing test specimens in a controlled detergent solution and observing any adverse effects such as color change, blistering, loss of adhesion, softening, or embrittlement.
• Test Conditions: The typical test uses Type 4 deionized water and a detergent solution at a specified concentration and temperature, with agitation to maintain uniformity.
• Evaluation Criteria: The physical integrity and appearance of the coatings are examined after exposure. Observed changes, including blistering or detachment, are documented and may be quantified using relevant ASTM test methods.
• Specimen Preparation: The standard outlines approaches for preparing test panels, including coating application, conditioning, and protection of non-test areas.
• Safety and Compliance: Users are responsible for addressing applicable safety, health, and environmental considerations. The standard adheres to internationally accepted principles as set by the WTO TBT Committee.

Applications

• Paint and Coating Industry: ASTM D2248 is widely used by manufacturers and researchers to assess the detergent resistance of decorative and protective finishes applied to ferrous and non-ferrous surfaces, including automotive, appliances, construction materials, and industrial equipment.
• Quality Control: Laboratories employ this practice to verify product performance claims, guide formulation improvements, and ensure compliance with customer or regulatory requirements.
• Product Development: The standard aids in developing new organic finishes that must endure regular cleaning or detergent exposure, promoting longevity and appearance retention.
• Comparative Analysis: Provides a consistent method to compare different coatings or surface preparation techniques, supporting purchasing and specification decisions.

Related Standards

Several other ASTM standards are frequently referenced or used in conjunction with ASTM D2248-01a(2018) for comprehensive assessment of coatings:

• ASTM D609: Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels for Testing Paint and Related Products
• ASTM D1193: Specification for Reagent Water
• ASTM D714: Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints
• ASTM D3359: Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Test
• ASTM D523: Test Method for Specular Gloss
• ASTM D2244: Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
• ASTM D1474: Test Methods for Indentation Hardness of Organic Coatings

Practical Value

By following ASTM D2248-01a(2018), organizations ensure robust evaluation of organic coating performance under realistic cleaning conditions. The standard supports the development and selection of finishes that maintain their decorative and protective properties despite repeated exposure to detergents, reducing maintenance, warranty claims, and consumer complaints. Adherence to recognized test practices such as this also facilitates regulatory compliance and global trade in coated goods by aligning product testing with international expectations.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2248 − 01a (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Practice for
Detergent Resistance of Organic Finishes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2248; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D1186Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of
Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic CoatingsApplied to
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the resistance
a Ferrous Base (Withdrawn 2006)
to failure, in an accelerated manner, of organic finishes when
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
immersed in a detergent solution.
D1400TestMethodforNondestructiveMeasurementofDry
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to a
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 3
Nonferrous Metal Base (Withdrawn 2006)
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the D1474Test Methods for Indentation Hardness of Organic
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Coatings
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- D1654Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. D1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- D2092Guide for Preparation of Zinc-Coated (Galvanized)
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Steel Surfaces for Painting (Withdrawn 2008)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- D2197Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings by
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Scrape Adhesion
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. D2244Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
2. Referenced Documents
Coordinates
D3359Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Test
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D523Test Method for Specular Gloss
3. Significance and Use
D609Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels
3.1 Any effects such as color change, blistering. loss of
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and
Related Coating Products adhesion, softening, or embrittlement are observed and noted.
D610Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted
4. Apparatus
Steel Surfaces
D714Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of 4.1 Container—A corrosion-resistant container equipped
Paints
with the means to control the solution temperature within the
D823Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness range specified and to control the liquid level at 65mm( ⁄16
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
in.). Agitation may be required to maintain temperature uni-
D1005Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick- formity.
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
4.2 Cover—The container shall be provided with a cover to
retard evaporation and to contain the test specimens com-
pletely.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
5. Test Specimens
Subcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018. Published February 2018. Originally
5.1 Unless otherwise specified, the test specimens shall be
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D2248–01a (2013).
100by300by0.9mm(4by12in.by20gage)insize.Thetest
DOI: 10.1520/D2248-01AR18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2248 − 01a (2018)
specimen composition, surface preparation, and number of test mens so that they are not in contact with any metal and are no
specimensshallbeagreeduponbythepurchaserandtheseller. closer together than 25 mm (1 in.) at any point in the bath.
Replace the detergent solution with fresh detergent solution
NOTE 1—Applicable test panel description and surface preparation
every168h.ImmersetestspecimensinType4deionizedwater
methods are as follows: Practices D609, D1730 and D2092.
when the detergent solution is being changed. Do not keep the
6. Coating of Test Specimens
test specimens out of the detergent solution for longer than 30
min. If successive tests are to be correlated, each test shall
6.1 The method of application, film thickness, curing, and
include control panels. The panel composition and paint
conditioning of the test surface shall be agreed upon between
formulation used for the control panels shall be the same for
the purchaser and the seller.
each test.
NOTE 2—Application and film thickness measurement methods are
8.2 E
...