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ASTM D8378/D8378M-21

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Potential Expansion of Steel Slag from Hydration Reactions by Autoclave

Standard Test Method for Potential Expansion of Steel Slag from Hydration Reactions by Autoclave

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a procedure for determining the compliance of steel slags and other materials with specifications or applications that limit permissible expansion of base and subbase aggregates containing components subject to hydration.  
4.2 This test method can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of aging or other treatments for reducing the expansive potential of such materials.  
4.3 This test method is utilized for dense graded materials passing a 25.0 mm (1 in.) sieve. If it is desired to investigate materials larger than a 25.0 mm (1 in.) sieve, Indiana Test Method ITM 219 should be considered.  
4.4 Test results have not been correlated with field performance, and values obtained do not necessarily indicate expansion that may occur in service conditions. The various methods will provide different numerical results due to differences in severity of the procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of potential volume expansion of steel slags that contain components susceptible to hydration and consequent volume increase, such as the free calcium and magnesium oxides.  
1.1.1 This method is based upon the Cement Autoclave procedure, Test Method C151/C151M, and the California Bearing Ratio procedure, Test Method D1883. This is an aggressive test that can detect both calcium and magnesium expansion potentials. The procedure is also a rapid method typically completed within 24 h.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Dec-2020
ICS
91.100.01 - Construction materials in general
Technical Committee
D04 - Road and Paving Materials
Drafting Committee
D04.51 - Aggregate Tests
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D8378/D8378M-21 - Standard Test Method for Potential Expansion of Steel Slag from Hydration Reactions by AutoclaveASTM D8378/D8378M-21 - Standard Test Method for Potential Expansion of Steel Slag from Hydration Reactions by Autoclave
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ASTM D8378/D8378M-21 - Standard Test Method for Potential Expansion of Steel Slag from Hydration Reactions by Autoclave
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8378/D8378M − 21
Standard Test Method for
Potential Expansion of Steel Slag from Hydration Reactions
1
by Autoclave
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8378/D8378M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of potential
volume expansion of steel slags that contain components C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)
and Voids in Aggregate
susceptible to hydration and consequent volume increase, such
as the free calcium and magnesium oxides. C151/C151M Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hy-
draulic Cement
1.1.1 This method is based upon the Cement Autoclave
procedure, Test Method C151/C151M, and the California C702/C702M Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate
to Testing Size
Bearing Ratio procedure, Test Method D1883. This is an
aggressive test that can detect both calcium and magnesium C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for
DeterminingMassandVolumeforUseinPhysicalTesting
expansion potentials. The procedure is also a rapid method
typically completed within 24 h. of Hydraulic Cements
D75/D75M Practice for Sampling Aggregates
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
D1883 Test Method for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Laboratory-Compacted Soils
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
D4792/D4792M Test Method for Potential Expansion of
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
Aggregates from Hydration Reactions
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
with the standard.
Sieves
3
NOTE 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Speci-
2.2 Other Standard:
fication E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for
Indiana Test Method ITM 219 Acceptance Procedures of
information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
Steel Furnace Slag for Deleterious Materials
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3. Summary of Test Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 This test method consists of measuring the volume
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
expansion of compacted specimens following the autoclave
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
procedures of Test Method C151/C151M. The method utilizes
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
a mold similar to the one used in Test Method D1883, with the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
exceptionofitbeingproportionallysmallerinordertofitinthe
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
autoclave. This method is severe due to the high temperatures
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
and pressure. This method detects periclase (MgO) hydration
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
reactions that may not appear during some water bath
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
procedures, such as Test Method D4792/D4792M. As a result,
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Aggregate Tests. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2021. Published January 2021. DOI: 10.1520/ Available from Indiana Department of Transportation, https://www.in.gov/
D8378_D8378M-21. indot/div/mt/itm/pubs/219_testing.pdf.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8378/D8378M − 21
the numerical results obtained by this method tend to be higher [295 psi] to less than 0.07 MPa [10 psi] in 1.5 h after the heat
than those obtained by other methods. When used for supply has been shut off.
acceptance/rejection, this method should be correlated to the
5.5 Rupture Disk—The rupture disk shall be made of a
spe
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended to provide only comparative measurements of surface flame spread and smoke density measurements with that of select grade red oak and fiber-cement board surfaces under the specific fire exposure conditions described herein.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard for the comparative surface burning behavior of building materials is applicable to exposed surfaces such as walls and ceilings. The test is conducted with the specimen in the ceiling position with the surface to be evaluated exposed face down to the ignition source. The material, product, or assembly shall be capable of being mounted in the test position during the test. Thus, the specimen shall either be self-supporting by its own structural quality, held in place by added supports along the test surface, or secured from the back side.  
1.2 Test Method E84 is a 10-min fire-test response method. The following standards address testing of materials in accordance with test methods that are applications or variations of the test method or apparatus used for Test Method E84:  
1.2.1 Materials required by the user to meet an extended 30-min duration tunnel test shall be tested in accordance with Test Method E2768.  
1.2.2 Wires and cables for use in air-handling spaces shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 262.  
1.2.3 Pneumatic tubing for control systems shall be tested in accordance with UL 1820.  
1.2.4 Combustible sprinkler piping shall be tested in accordance with UL 1887.  
1.2.5 Optical fiber and communications raceways for use in air handling spaces shall be tested in accordance with UL 2024.  
1.3 The purpose of this test method is to determine the relative burning behavior of the material by observing the flame spread along the specimen. Flame spread and smoke developed index are reported. However, there is not necessarily a relationship between these two measurements.  
1.4 The use of supporting materials on the underside of the test specimen has the ability to lower the flame spread index from those which might be obtained if the specimen could be tested without such support. These test results do not necessarily relate to indices obtained by testing materials without such support.  
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ASTM C1670/C1670M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Adhered Manufactured Stone Masonry Veneer Units

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the minimum product requirements for adhered manufactured stone masonry veneer (AMSMV) units which are manufactured from cementitious materials, aggregates, air-entraining admixtures, concrete admixtures, coloring pigments, reinforcement fibers, and other components which are wet-cast into shapes simulating the appearance of stone, rocks found in nature, and other textures. It also addresses sampling, physical properties and testing, finish and appearance, product identification and packaging, and reporting.
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1.1 This specification covers the minimum product requirements for adhered manufactured stone masonry veneer units applied as an adhered veneer to exterior and interior walls and structures suitable to receive units.  
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ASTM E1623-22a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Fire and Thermal Parameters of Materials, Products, and Systems Using an Intermediate Scale Calorimeter (ICAL)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used primarily to determine the heat release rate of materials, products, and assemblies. Other parameters are the effective heat of combustion, mass loss rate, the time to ignition, smoke and gas production, emissivity, and surface temperature. Examples of test specimens are assemblies of materials or products that are tested in their end-use thickness. Therefore, the test method is suitable for assessing the heat release rate of a wall assembly.  
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5.5 Test Limitations:  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Materials that pass this test by complying with the criteria in Section 15 are typically classified as noncombustible materials.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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4.5 Appendix X3 discusses the use of analysis of variance as an alternative approach to obtain the precision values from the ILS data.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes techniques for planning, conducting, and analyzing the results of an interlaboratory study (ILS) with the objective of developing the precision statement of a test method. It is designed to be used in conjunction with Practice C670. The methods used in this standard are consistent with those in Practice E691.  
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ASTM E119-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the duration for which the types of building elements noted in 1.1 contain a fire, retain their structural integrity, or exhibit both properties during a predetermined test exposure.  
4.2 The test exposes a test specimen to a standard fire controlled to achieve specified temperatures throughout a specified time period. When required, the fire exposure is followed by the application of a specified standard fire hose stream applied in accordance with Practice E2226. The test provides a relative measure of the fire-test-response of comparable building elements under these fire exposure conditions. The exposure is not representative of all fire conditions because conditions vary with changes in the amount, nature and distribution of fire loading, ventilation, compartment size and configuration, and heat sink characteristics of the compartment. Variation from the test conditions or test specimen construction, such as size, materials, method of assembly, also affects the fire-test-response. For these reasons, evaluation of the variation is required for application to construction in the field.  
4.3 The test standard provides for the following:  
4.3.1 For walls, partitions, and floor or roof test specimens:
4.3.1.1 Measurement of the transmission of heat.
4.3.1.2 Measurement of the transmission of hot gases through the test specimen.
4.3.1.3 For loadbearing elements, measurement of the load carrying ability of the test specimen during the test exposure.  
4.3.2 For individual loadbearing members such as beams and columns:
4.3.2.1 Measurement of the load carrying ability under the test exposure with consideration for the end support conditions (that is, restrained or not restrained).  
4.4 The test standard does not provide the following:  
4.4.1 Information as to performance of test specimens constructed with components or lengths other than those tested.  
4.4.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the test sp...
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Standard Guide for Material and Construction Standards Related to Sustainability Within Committee D04

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide provides a list of the standards within Committee D04 that address the use of materials, specifications, and construction practices that could have broader sustainability benefits. This list is current, relative to the approval date of the standard.  
5.2 The standards discussed are listed in the Referenced Documents section.  
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SCOPE
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Practice for Preparation of Field Removed Manufactured Masonry Units and Masonry Specimens for Testing

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4.1 Masonry units and masonry specimens are sometimes removed as part of an assessment of the condition of masonry construction. This standard is intended to standardize the preparation of such units and masonry specimens for compressive and flexural bond strength testing.
Note 1: Masonry specimens removed from existing masonry construction (single wythe, multi-wythe or portions thereof) will sometimes contain mortar, grout, reinforcement, or accessory materials.  
4.2 This practice provides information pertaining to the removal of hardened mortar, cleaning, and other special preparation required prior to compressive and flexural bond strength testing of a manufactured masonry unit or masonry specimen that has been removed from usage.  
4.3 This practice does not address test procedures or the use of test results conducted on removed specimens. This practice does not determine whether removed masonry materials met original specification requirements.
Note 2: Compressive and flexural bond strength test results of masonry units and masonry specimens extracted from the field are expected to vary from and will likely be less than test results of masonry units that have not been placed in service or masonry prisms that have been constructed within a controlled environment. Comparison of results of tests conducted on specimens removed from service to those of masonry units prior to use or of constructed prisms is difficult. Considerable judgment is typically required for the selection and preparation of specimens removed from service.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this practice is to standardize the preparation of manufactured masonry units and masonry specimens extracted from the field for compressive and flexural bond strength testing in a laboratory environment.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E105-21(Guide)
Standard Guide for Probability Sampling of Materials

ABSTRACT
This practice is primarily a statement of principles for the guidance of ASTM technical committees and others in the preparation of a sampling plan for a specific material. The purpose of the sample may be to estimate properties of a larger population, such as a lot, pile or shipment, the percentage of some constituent, the fraction of the items that fail to meet (or meet) a specified requirement, the average characteristic or quality of an item, the total weight of the shipment, or the probable maximum or minimum content of some chemical. A probability sampling plan will possess an objective procedure for the selection of the sample with the use of random numbers and a definite formula for the estimate and standard error of any estimate.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of the sample may be to estimate properties of a larger population, such as a lot, pile or shipment, the percentage of some constituent, the fraction of the items that fail to meet (or meet) a specified requirement, the average characteristic or quality of an item, the total weight of the shipment, or the probable maximum or minimum content of, say, some chemical.  
4.2 The purpose may be the rational disposition of a lot or shipment without the intermediate step of the formation of an estimate.  
4.3 The purpose may be to provide aid toward rational action concerning the production process that generated the lot, pile or shipment.  
4.4 Whatever the purpose of the sample, adhering to the principles of probability sampling will allow the uncertainties, such as bias and variance of estimates or the risks of the rational disposition or action, to be calculated objectively and validly from the theory of combinatorial probabilities. This assumes, of course, that the sampling operations themselves were carried out properly, as well. Proper sampling requires that any random numbers were generated properly, the units to be sampled from were correctly identified, located, and drawn, and the measurements were made with measurement error at a level not exceeding the required purposes.  
4.5 Determination of bias and variance and of risks can be calculated when the selection was only partially determined by random numbers and a frame, but they then require suppositions and assumptions which may be more or less mistaken or require additional data which may introduce experimental error.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is primarily a statement of principles for the guidance of ASTM technical committees and others in the preparation of a sampling plan for a specific material.  
1.2 A system of units is not specified in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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