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ASTM E2930-13(2021)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Pressure Decay Leak Test Method

Standard Practice for Pressure Decay Leak Test Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The equipment, test duration, and technique should be determined before commencement of the test based on the required test sensitivity or accuracy (see Annex A1 and Annex A2). If the test is used to certify that the vessel has a minimum specified leakage rate, then the test equipment and test duration should be chosen to have a resolution ten times less than the specification and an accuracy which is four times less than the specification. The test should be designed so that the total pressure change is less than 10 % of the starting pressure. Leak test specifications should specify the vessel test pressure or differential pressure. If the test specification does not specify a test pressure, then a safe test pressure should be used that complies with the applicable safety standards8.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a method for determining the leakage rate of a vessel subject to a positive pressure difference. The technique is based upon evaluation of the change of mass within the test object based on a pressure decay measurement. The pressure decay measurement uses the ideal gas equation of state and the measured pressures, temperatures, and time to determine the mass loss from the vessel. This method does not apply to deformable vessels.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2021
ICS
23.020.30 - Pressure vessels, gas cylinders
Technical Committee
E07 - Nondestructive Testing
Drafting Committee
E07.08 - Leak Testing Method
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM E2930-13(2021) - Standard Practice for Pressure Decay Leak Test Method
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2930 − 13 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Practice for
1
Pressure Decay Leak Test Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2930; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive
Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
1.1 This practice describes a method for determining the
5
2.3 AIA Document:
leakage rate of a vessel subject to a positive pressure differ-
NAS-410Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
ence. The technique is based upon evaluation of the change of
Testing Personnel
masswithinthetestobjectbasedonapressuredecaymeasure-
6
2.4 ASME Standards:
ment. The pressure decay measurement uses the ideal gas
ASMEBoilerandPressureVesselCodeSectionVArticle10
equationofstateandthemeasuredpressures,temperatures,and
(paragraph T-1044)
time to determine the mass loss from the vessel. This method
7
does not apply to deformable vessels. 2.5 ISO Standards:
ISO/IEC Guide 98–3Uncertainty of Measurement — Part 3
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.1 pressure decay test resolution—the resolution of the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
test that can be derived from the test equipment specifications
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
and the volume of the test vessel. The test resolution is
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
determined by evaluation of the individual resolutions of the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
pressure measurement, temperature measurement, and time
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
measurement for a known vessel volume. The method for
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
determining the test resolution is give in Annex A1.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.2 pressure decay test accuracy—the test accuracy is the
2. Referenced Documents
estimated accuracy of the test based on a combination of the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
measurement accuracies of contributing variables.The method
E479Guide for Preparation of a Leak Testing Specification
for determining the test accuracy is given in Annex A2.
3
(Withdrawn 2014)
4. Summary of Test Method
E543Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
Testing
4.1 This practice requires a known volume and the use of
E1316Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
the pressure rate of decay technique for quantitative measure-
4
2.2 ANSI/ASNT Standards:
ment of leakage rates.The practice is written to be usable over
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
a wide range of pressures and system volumes.This method is
cation of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
only applicable to the test of non-deformable volumes or
devices. Test devices which may have significant changes in
1 volume due to pressurization should not be tested with this
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.08 on Leak method. The method requires the measurement of the system
Testing Method.
pressure and temperature as a function of time and as such
Current edition approved June 1, 2021. Published June 2021. Originally
requires that these measurements be made with calibrated
approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E2930–13. DOI:
10.1520/E2930-13R21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1000
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on WilsonBlvd.,Suite1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
6
the ASTM website. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.astm.org. www.asme.org.
4 7
AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43r
...

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FIG. 1 Typical Carbon Fiber Reinforced COPVs (NASA)  
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FIG. 1 Typical Carbon Fiber Reinforced COPVs (NASA)  
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ASTM
ASTM A20/A20M-20(Specification)
Standard Specification for General Requirements for Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a group of common requirements that apply to rolled steel plates for pressure vessels. The steel shall be made in an open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-arc furnace process. Sampling and methods for chemical analysis are discussed. Yield strength tests, tension tests, and notch-toughness tests shall be made in accordance to the product specification to conform to the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This general requirements specification2 covers a group of common requirements that, unless otherwise specified in the applicable product specification, apply to rolled steel plates for pressure vessels covered by each of the following product specifications issued by ASTM:    
Title of Specification  
ASTM DesignationA    
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Nickel  
A203/A203M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Molybdenum  
A204/A204M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Manganese-
Vanadium-Nickel  
A225/A225M  
Stainless Chromium Steel-Clad Plate  
A263  
Stainless Chromium-Nickel Steel-Clad Plate  
A264  
Nickel and Nickel-Base Alloy-Clad Steel Plate  
A265  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Low- and
Intermediate-Tensile Strength  
A285/A285M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Manganese-Silicon  
A299/A299M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Manganese-
Molybdenum and Manganese-Molybdenum-Nickel  
A302/A302M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Double-
Normalized and Tempered 9 % Nickel  
A353/A353M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Chromium-
Molybdenum  
A387/A387M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, High Strength
Manganese  
A455/A455M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Intermediate-
and Higher-Temperature Service  
A515/A515M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Moderate- and
Lower-Temperature Service  
A516/A516M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, High-Strength,
Quenched and Tempered  
A517/A517M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Quenched and
Tempered, Manganese-Molybdenum and Manganese-
Molybdenum-Nickel  
A533/A533M  
Title of Specification  
ASTM DesignationA    
Pressure Vessel Plates, Heat-Treated, Carbon-
Manganese-Silicon Steel  
A537/A537M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Quenched-and-
Tempered, Chromium-Molybdenum, and Chromium-
Molybdenum-Vanadium  
A542/A542M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Quenched and
Tempered Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum  
A543/A543M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Quenched and
Tempered 7, 8, and 9 % Nickel  
A553/A553M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Manganese-
Titanium for Glass or Diffused Metallic Coatings  
A562/A562M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, High Strength, for
Moderate and Lower Temperature Service  
A612/A612M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, 5 % and 51/2 % Nickel Alloy
Steels, Specially Heat Treated  
A645/A645M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon
Steel, for Moderate and Lower Temperature Service  
A662/A662M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon
Steel, Quenched and Tempered, for Welded Pressure
Vessels  
A724/A724M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Low-Carbon Age-Hardening
Nickel-Copper-Chromium-Molybdenum-Columbium
(Niobium) Alloy Steel  
A736/A736M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel  
A737/A737M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Heat-Treated, Carbon-
Manganese-Silicon Steel, for Moderate and Lower
Temperature Service  
A738/A738M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Chromium-
Molybdenum-Vanadium  
A832/A832M  
Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels, Produced by
Thermo-Mechanical Control Process (TMCP)  
A841/A841M  
Steel Plates, 9 % Nickel Alloy, for Pressure Vessels,
Produced by the Direct-Quenching Process  
A844/A844M  
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Chromium-
Molybdenum-Tungsten  
A1017/A1017M  
1.1.1...

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  • Technical specification
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ASTM
ASTM E1419/E1419M-15a(2020)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled, Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Because of safety considerations, regulatory agencies (for example, U.S. Department of Transportation) require periodic examinations of vessels used in transportation of industrial gases (see Section 49, Code of Federal Regulations). The AE examination has become accepted as an alternative to the common hydrostatic proof test. In the common hydrostatic test, volumetric expansion of vessels is measured.  
5.2 An AE examination should not be performed for a period of one year after a common hydrostatic test. See Note 2.
Note 2: The Kaiser effect relates to decreased emission that is expected during a second pressurization. Common hydrostatic tests use a relatively high pressure (167 % of normal service pressure). (See Section 49, Code of Federal Regulations.) If an AE examination is performed too soon after such a pressurization, the AE results will be insensitive to a lower examination pressure (that is, the lower pressure that is associated with an AE examination).  
5.3 Pressurization:  
5.3.1 General practice in the gas industry is to use low pressurization rates. This practice promotes safety and reduces equipment investment. The AE examinations should be performed with pressurization rates that allow vessel deformation to be in equilibrium with the applied load. Typical current practice is to use rates that approximate 3.45 MPa/h [500 psi/h].  
5.3.2 Gas compressors heat the pressurizing medium. After pressurization, vessel pressure may decay as gas temperature equilibrates with ambient conditions.  
5.3.3 Emission from flaws is caused by flaw growth and secondary sources (for example, crack surface contact and contained mill scale). Secondary sources can produce emission throughout vessel pressurization.  
5.3.4 When pressure within a vessel is low, and gas is the pressurizing medium, flow velocities are relatively high. Flowing gas (turbulence) and impact by entrained particles can produce measurable emission. Considering this, acquisition of AE d...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides guidelines for acoustic emission (AE) examinations of seamless pressure vessels (tubes) of the type used for distribution or storage of industrial gases.  
1.2 This practice requires pressurization to a level greater than normal use. Pressurization medium may be gas or liquid.  
1.3 This practice does not apply to vessels in cryogenic service.  
1.4 The AE measurements are used to detect and locate emission sources. Other nondestructive test (NDT) methods must be used to evaluate the significance of AE sources. Procedures for other NDT techniques are beyond the scope of this practice. See Note 1.  
Note 1: Shear wave, angle beam ultrasonic examination is commonly used to establish circumferential position and dimensions of flaws that produce AE. Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD), ultrasonic examination is also commonly used for flaw sizing.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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