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ASTM E979-91(2004)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Antimicrobial Agents as Preservatives for Invert Emulsion and Other Water Containing Hydraulic Fluids

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Antimicrobial Agents as Preservatives for Invert Emulsion and Other Water Containing Hydraulic Fluids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This procedure is designed to determine the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents intended for microbial control in invert emulsions and other water containing hydraulic fluids.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method is designed to evaluate the utility and effectiveness of antimicrobial agents intended to control microbial growth in invert emulsions and other water containing hydraulic fluids. Note 1Procedures for preparation of water soluble hydraulic fluids and recovery of organisms appear in Method E 686.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2004
ICS
75.120 - Hydraulic fluids
Technical Committee
E35 - Pesticides, Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agents
Drafting Committee
E35.15 - Antimicrobial Agents
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E979-91(1998) - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Antimicrobial Agents as Preservatives for Invert Emulsion and Other Water Containing Hydraulic Fluids
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Replaced By
ASTM E979-09 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Antimicrobial Agents as Preservatives for Invert Emulsion and Other Water Containing Hydraulic Fluids
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6666-20 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Aqueous Polymer Quenchants
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004

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ASTM E979-91(2004) - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Antimicrobial Agents as Preservatives for Invert Emulsion and Other Water Containing Hydraulic FluidsASTM E979-91(2004) - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Antimicrobial Agents as Preservatives for Invert Emulsion and Other Water Containing Hydraulic Fluids
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ASTM E979-91(2004) - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Antimicrobial Agents as Preservatives for Invert Emulsion and Other Water Containing Hydraulic Fluids
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E979–91(Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Agents as Preservatives for
Invert Emulsion and Other Water Containing Hydraulic
1
Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E979; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Invert emulsion hydraulic fluids typically contain 60% mineral oil and 40% water (by volume).
These fluids routinely are prepared using proprietary, oil-soluble, emulsifying agents, as well as other
emulsifiable constituents. They are recommended for use where conditions indicate a low-cost, fire
retardant product, compatible with water-based metal working fluids.
The high water content of these hydraulic fluids makes them susceptible to microbial attack.
Uncontrolled microbial growth in these fluids can cause cartridge filter unit plugging, maladorous
conditions, or general biodeterioration. Problem microorganisms associated with these fluids include
bacteria and fungi.
Thehydraulicsystemisessentiallyaclosedoneinwhichwaterofevaporationisaddedtomaintain
a fixed volume. The inclusion of an efficacious preservative in the water containing hydraulic fluids
can prevent microbial growth and the resulting problems that follow.
1. Scope andRespiringBacteriainAquaticSystemsbyMicroscopy
E686 Method for Evaluation of Antimicrobial Agents in
1.1 This laboratory test method is designed to evaluate the
Aqueous Metal Working Fluids
utility and effectiveness of antimicrobial agents intended to
control microbial growth in invert emulsions and other water
3. Summary of Test Method
containing hydraulic fluids.
3.1 The antimicrobial agent to be evaluated is incorporated
NOTE 1—Procedures for preparation of water soluble hydraulic fluids
into an emulsion system by (a) addition to the aqueous phase
and recovery of organisms appear in Method E686.
employedinthepreparationoftheemulsion,(b)indosestothe
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
formulatedsystem,or(c)byothermethodssuitableforthetest
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
compound.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 A heavy bacterial or fungal inoculum, or both, is then
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
added.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.3 The resulting mixture is aerated and passed over the
surface of a simulated filter system for a minimum period of
2. Referenced Documents
eight weeks either continuously or with shutdowns to simulate
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
actual operations conditions.
D4454 TestMethodforSimultaneousEnumerationofTotal
3.4 The degree of microbial control is determined by
periodic plate counts of the emulsion and visual observations
for microbial fouling of the simulated filter surface.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 on
Pesticides andAlternate ControlAgents and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
NOTE 2—A knowledge of standard microbiological techniques is re-
mittee E35.15 on Antimicrobial Agents.
quiredforthisprocedure.Itisalsorequiredthatgoodlaboratorypractices
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originally
be followed throughout these tests. This means appropriate containment
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E979–91(1998).
for the microbiological systems being evaluated. The systems should be
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
maintained in an enclosure so that during the aeration process the mists
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and aerosols generated do not contaminate the laboratory environment.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E979–91 (2004)
4. Significance and Use 5.12.3 Water Dilution Bottles—Any sterilizable glass con-
tainershavinga150to200-mLcapacityandtightclosuresmay
4.1 This procedure is designed to determine the effective-
8
be used.
ness of antimicrobial agents intended for microbial control in
5.12.4 Two-Liter Borosilicate Glass Beakers.
invert emulsions and other water containing hydraulic fluids.
5.12.5 Bent Glass Rod.
5.12.6 Screw Cap Culture Tubes, autoclavable, 15 by 150
5. Apparatus
mm.
5.1 Air Supply—Any air source which is free from organic
5.13 Water Bath—Maintain at 46°C 6 2°C to anneal agar
vapors, organic matter, or
...

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5.1 This procedure is designed to determine the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents intended for microbial control in invert emulsions and other water containing hydraulic fluids.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory practice is designed to evaluate the utility and effectiveness of antimicrobial agents intended to control microbial growth in invert emulsions and other water containing hydraulic fluids.  
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5.1 Thermal stability characterizes physical and chemical property changes which may adversely affect an oil's lubricating performance. This test method evaluates the thermal stability of a hydraulic oil in the presence of copper and steel at 135 °C. No correlation of the test to field service has been made.
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1.1 This test method2 is designed primarily to evaluate the thermal stability of hydrocarbon based hydraulic oils although oxidation may occur during the test.  
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5.1 This guide discusses ways to assess the likelihood that a hydraulic fluid will undergo biodegradation if it enters an environment that is known to support biodegradation of some substances, for example the material used as the positive control in the test. The information can be used in making or assessing claims of biodegradability of a fluid formula.  
5.2 Biodegradation occurs when a fluid interacts with the environment, and so the extent of biodegradation is a function of both the chemical composition of the hydraulic fluid and the physical, chemical, and biological status of the environment at the time the fluid enters it. This guide cannot assist in judging the status of a particular environment, so it is not meant to provide standards for judging the persistence of a hydraulic fluid in any specific environment either natural or man-made.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and provides information to assist in planning a laboratory test or series of tests from which may be inferred information about the biodegradability of an unused fully formulated hydraulic fluid in its original form. Biodegradability is one of three characteristics which are assessed when judging the environmental impact of a hydraulic fluid. The other two characteristics are ecotoxicity and bioaccumulation.  
1.2 Biodegradability may be considered by type of environmental compartment: aerobic fresh water, aerobic marine, aerobic soil, and anaerobic media. Test methods for aerobic fresh water, aerobic soil and anaerobic media have been developed that are appropriate for the concerns and needs of testing in each compartment.  
1.3 This guide addresses releases to the environment that are incidental to the use of a hydraulic fluid but is not intended to cover situations of major, accidental release. The tests discussed in this guide take a minimum of three to four weeks. Therefore, issues relating to the biodegradability of hydraulic fluid are more effectively addressed before the fluid is used, and thus before incidental release may occur. Nothing in this guide should be taken to relieve the user of the responsibility to properly use and dispose of hydraulic fluids.  
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5.5 High soot levels in diesel engine lubricating oil may indicate abnormal engine operation.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle concentration, particle size distribution, particle shape, and soot content for new and in-service oils used for lubrication and hydraulic systems by a direct imaging integrated tester.  
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1.1.2 Particles measured are in the range from 4 μm to ≥ 70 μm with the upper limit dependent upon passing through a 100 μm mesh inlet screen.  
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4.1 The significance of each test method depends upon the system in use and the purpose of the test method as listed under Section 5. Use the most recent editions of ASTM test methods.
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4.1 The temperature at which a lubricant remains fluid and homogeneous after seven days is an index of its ability to withstand prolonged exposure to cold temperature. With vegetable oils and some synthetic esters, it is necessary to do extended cold storage testing. Quick cool, short-term tests, such as Test Methods D97 and D2500, do not adequately predict the tendency to solidify over longer time spans at cold temperatures.  
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1.1 This test method covers the fluidity and appearance of hydraulic fluids after storage at low temperature.  
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1.2.1 Exception—In 6.1.1, the material is designated in cSt as this is the common name used for this type of oil.  
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
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5.1 This practice allows the collection of a representative sample of LPG that may contain trace volatile dissolved components such as methane, ethane, and nitrogen. Sampling by Practice D1265 can result in a small, but predictable, loss of these lighter components. Practice D1265 is suitable for collecting samples for routine specification testing, as the small loss of light components is not significant under Specification D1835 specification requirements. Practice D3700 is recommended whenever highly accurate determination of light components is required. For example, compositions determined on samples collected according to Practice D3700 may be used to establish the product value of NGL mixtures (see Appendix X1).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the equipment and procedures for obtaining a representative sample of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), such as specified in ASTM Specification D1835, GPA 2140, and comparable international standards. It may also be used for other natural gas liquid (NGL) products that are normally single phase (for example, NGL mix, field butane, and so forth), defined in other industry specifications or contractual agreements, and for volatile (higher vapor pressure) crude oils.
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1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
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