ASTM D2594-04(2012)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Stretch Properties of Knitted Fabrics Having Low Power
Standard Test Method for Stretch Properties of Knitted Fabrics Having Low Power
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method specifies test conditions for measuring the fabric growth and fabric stretch of knitted fabrics intended for use in swimwear, anchored slacks, and other form-fitting apparel (also commonly known as semi-support apparel) applications, as well as test conditions for measuring the fabric growth of knitted fabrics intended for use in sportswear and other loose-fitting apparel (also commonly known as comfort stretch apparel) applications. The applicability of this test method to the measurement of fabric growth and fabric stretch of knitted fabrics intended for use in slacks, sport coats, and suits has not been determined.
This test method is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipment because the between-laboratory precision is known to be poor.
If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if their is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, ensure the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results are obtained, and are assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of fabric stretch and fabric growth of knitted fabrics intended for applications requiring low-power stretch properties.
1.2 This test method includes procedures for fabric growth and stretch and can be used individually when required by individual specifications.
1.3 This test method is not applicable to fabrics intended for support or other applications requiring high-power stretch properties.
Note 1—For information on testing high-power and woven stretch fabrics, refer to Test Methods D3107 and D6614.
1.4 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D2594 − 04(Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Stretch Properties of Knitted Fabrics Having Low Power
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2594; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (With-
drawn 2008)
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of fabric
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
stretch and fabric growth of knitted fabrics intended for
Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
applications requiring low-power stretch properties.
D3107 Test Methods for Stretch Properties of Fabrics Wo-
1.2 This test method includes procedures for fabric growth ven from Stretch Yarns
and stretch and can be used individually when required by
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
individual specifications. D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
Methods
1.3 This test method is not applicable to fabrics intended for
D6614 Test Method for Stretch Properties of Textile Fabrics
support or other applications requiring high-power stretch
– CRE Method
properties.
NOTE 1—For information on testing high-power and woven stretch 3. Terminology
fabrics, refer to Test Methods D3107 and D6614.
3.1 Definitions:
1.4 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to
3.1.1 For definition of textile terms used in this test method:
be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the
bench marks, refer to Terminology D4849.
inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated
3.1.2 For definitions of textile terms used in this test
in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each
method: fabric growth; fabric stretch; low-power stretch and
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
tension, refer to Terminology D4850.
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
3.1.3 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
with the specification.
method, refer to Terminology D123.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Fabric Growth—Bench marks of a known distance are
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
made on a fabric specimen. A specified tension is applied to a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
fabric specimen by a prescribed cycling technique.The tension
is removed and after several specific recovery times under zero
2. Referenced Documents
tension, the distance between the bench marks is remeasured
2 after each time interval. The fabric growth is calculated from
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the length difference between the bench marks prior to appli-
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
cation of the tension and after each respective recovery time
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
interval.
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
4.2 Fabric Stretch—Bench marks of a known distance are
made on a fabric specimen. A specified tension is applied to a
fabric specimen by a prescribed cycling technique and the
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
resulting distance between the bench marks measured. The
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,
General.
fabric stretch is calculated from the length difference between
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally
the bench marks prior to application of the tension and under
approved in 1969. Discontinued November 1997 and reinstated as D2594 – 99. Last
ε2 while under the tension.
previous edition approved in 2008 as D2594 – 04(2008) . DOI: 10.1520/D2594-
04R12.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2594 − 04 (2012)
5. Significance and Use 6.3 Lightweight Rule , fitted with a pin hook at the zero
point of the scale for attachment to the specimen, graduated
5.1 This test method specifies test conditions for measuring
either in units of percent of original gage length of 125 mm (5
the fabric growth and fabric stretch of knitted fabrics intended
in.) or in units of 1 mm ( ⁄16 in.).
for use in swimwear, anchored slacks, and other form-fitting
apparel (also commonly known as semi-support apparel) 6.4 Tensiometer or Weights , that can be attached to the
applications, as well as test conditions for measuring the fabric bottom hanger of the hanger assembly, capable of providing
growth of knitted fabrics intended for use in sportswear and total tensions of 2.27 kgf (5 lbf) and 4.54 kgf (10 lbf) to the
other loose-fitting apparel (also commonly known as comfort specimen, 61%.
stretch apparel) applications. The applicability of this test 4
6.5 Turnbuckle , or equivalent, having a length of 25 to 75
method to the measurement of fabric growth and fabric stretch
mm (1 to 3 in.).
of knitted fabrics intended for use in slacks, sport coats, and
6.6 Sanforized Marker, to establish bench marks on the
suits has not been determined.
specimen.
5.2 This test method is not recommended for acceptance
6.7 Timer, with increments of at least 1 min.
testing of commercial shipment because the between-
laboratory precision is known to be poor.
7. Sampling and Test Specs
5.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
7.1 Primary Sampling Unit—Consider rolls of fabric or
comparative tests should be performed to determine if their is
fabric components of fabricated systems to be the primary
a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
sampling unit, as applicable.
assistance. As a minimum, ensure the test samples to be used
7.2 Laboratory Sampling Unit—As a laboratory sampling
are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material
unit take from rolls at least one full-width piece of fabric that
from which the disparate test results are obtained, and are
is2m(2yd)in length along the selvage (machine direction),
assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for
after removing a first 1 mm (1 yd) length. For fabric compo-
testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be
nents of fabricated systems use the entire system.
compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a
7.3 Test Specimens—From each laboratory sampling unit,
probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is
cut 5 wale-wise (lengthwise) and 5 course-wise (widthwise)
found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future
test specimens 125 63mm(5 6 0.1 in.) by 398 6 10 mm
test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration
(15.5 6 0.3 in.). Cut the long dimension of the wale-wise
of the known bias.
specimens parallel to the wale direction and the course-wise
6. Apparatus specimens parallel to the course direction. Take specimens
representing a broad distribution from different positions
6.1 Frame , suitable for supporting the hanger assembly
diagonally across the width of the laboratory sampling unit.
illustrated in Fig. 1 and tension forces applied during testing.
Consider the long direction as the direction of test. Label to
6.2 Hanger Assembly , consisting of hangers, hanger rods,
maintain specimen identity.
and chain.
7.3.1 For fabric widths 125 mm (5 in.) or more, take no
specimen closer than 25 mm (1 in.) from the edges of the
laboratory sampling unit.
7.3.2 For fabric widths less than 125 mm (5 in.), use the
For additional information on obtaining apparatus, equipment, or supplies that
entire width of the laboratory sampling unit for specimens.
may be suitable for use in this standard, please visit the ASTM Manufacturers’
Equipment Directory at www.astm.org.
FIG. 1 Hanger Assembly
D2594 − 04 (2012)
7.3.3 Ensure specimens are free of folds, creases, or 10.3.8 After 2 h 6 5 min, unlock and release the chain and
wrinkles. Avoid getting oil, water, grease, etc., on the speci- remove the lower hanger from the specimen loop.
mens when handling.
10.3.9 Measure the position of the lower bench mark
7.3.4 If the fabric has a pattern, ensure that the specimens
relative to the scale on the rule to the nearest 1 % of original
are a representative sampling of the pattern.
gage length or 1 mm ( ⁄16 in.) after recovery under no tension
7.3.5 After cutting, fold each specimen in half lengthwise
as follows:
forming a loop and sew the edges opposite the fold together 6
10.3.9.1 After 60 6 5 s and record as measurement (B), and
to 13 mm (0.25 to 0.50 in.) from the cut edges and parallel to
10.3.9.2 After 1 h 6 5 min record as measurement (C).
the short direction of the specimen.
10.3.10 Remove the tested specimens, in turn, and continue
7.3.6 Lay the specimen on a flat surface and place bench
as directed in 10.3 until three specimens for each the wale and
marks 125 63mm(5 6 0.01 in.) apart on the central section
coursedirectionshavebeentestedforeachlaboratorysampling
of one face of the looped specimen establishing a gage length
unit.
along the length of the specimen. Record as measurement (A).
10.4 Fabric Stretch:
8. Conditioning
10.4.1 Place a new specimen in the stretch testing equip-
8.1 Bring the test specimens to moisture equilibrium for
ment as directed in 10.3.1 – 10.3.4.
testing in the standa
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