ASTM F3189-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Force Reduction, Vertical Deformation, and Energy Restitution of Synthetic Turf Systems Using the Advanced Artificial Athlete
Standard Test Method for Measuring Force Reduction, Vertical Deformation, and Energy Restitution of Synthetic Turf Systems Using the Advanced Artificial Athlete
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The dynamic interaction between the athlete and the synthetic turf surface affects the comfort and the performance of the athlete. Interaction with a surface that has low amounts of deformation and shock absorption allows the player to run fast and turn quickly, but has the potential to cause discomfort and damage to the lower extremity joints. Synthetic turf surfaces having high deformation have lower energy restitution. Less of the energy exerted by the athlete returns from the surface, possibly increasing the fatigue for the performing athlete.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies a method for measuring force reduction, vertical deformation, and energy restitution of synthetic turf surfaces.
1.2 This method is used to characterize properties of synthetic turf systems including the turf fabric, infill material, and shock pad (if applicable).
1.3 It can be used for characterizing synthetic turf systems in laboratory environment or in the field.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:F3189 −17 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Force Reduction, Vertical Deformation, and
Energy Restitution of Synthetic Turf Systems Using the
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Advanced Artificial Athlete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3189; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.1.3 force reduction (FR), n—the ability of a synthetic turf
sports surface to reduce the impact force of a mass falling onto
1.1 This test method specifies a method for measuring force
that surface.
reduction, vertical deformation, and energy restitution of syn-
2.1.3.1 Discussion—The reduction in impact force for this
thetic turf surfaces.
test method is expressed as a percentage reduction when
1.2 This method is used to characterize properties of syn-
compared to a reference force of 6760 N. The reference force
thetic turf systems including the turf fabric, infill material, and
is the theoretical maximum impact force that occurs when the
shock pad (if applicable).
test is performed on a rigid surface (concrete).
1.3 It can be used for characterizing synthetic turf systems 2.1.4 synthetic turf system, n—all components of the syn-
in laboratory environment or in the field.
thetic turf surface and subsurface that have the potential to
influence the dynamic properties of the surface.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
2.1.4.1 Discussion—These include any shock pads or dy-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
namic base constructions installed as part of the synthetic turf
standard.
system.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2.1.5 vertical deformation (Def), n—a measure of the dis-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tance a test foot penetrates into the surface when a standard
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
impact force is applied.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2.2 Symbols:
2
2.2.1 A—acceleration in m/s .
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
2.2.2 Def—deformation in millimeters.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
2.2.3 E—energy in Joules.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
2.2.4 ER—energy restitution.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2.2.5 F—force in Newtons.
2.2.6 FR—force reduction in %.
2. Terminology
2.2.7 g—acceleration due to gravity.
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2.2.8 R—coefficient of restitution.
2.1.1 energy restitution (ER), n—a measure of the energy
returned by the synthetic turf surface after the impact force has 2.2.9 t—time in seconds.
been applied.
3. Summary of Test Method
2.1.2 energy restitution coeffıcient, n—the ratio of the dy-
namic load energy applied to the surface to the energy returned
3.1 Amass with a spring attached is allowed to fall onto the
by the surface.
test surface. The acceleration of the mass is recorded from the
moment of release until after its impact with the turf surface.
Force Reduction is the percentage reduction in the measured
maximum force (Fmax) relative to the reference force (Fmax).
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
3.2 Deformation is calculated by double integration of the
Subcommittee F08.65 on Artificial Turf Surfaces and Systems.
record of acceleration versus time. Energy restitution is calcu-
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2017. Published February 2017. DOI: 10.1520/
F3189-17. lated from the force versus deformation curve.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F3189−17
4. Significance and Use 6. Test Apparatus
4.1 The dynamic interaction between the athlete and the
6.1 TheprincipleofthetestapparatusisshowninFig.1and
synthetic turf surface affects the comfort and the performance
consists of the following essential components specified in 6.2
of the athlete. Interaction with a surface that has low amounts
– 6.7.
of deformation and shock absorption allows the player to run
6.2 Fallingmass(3),incorporatingahelicalmetalspring(5)
fast and turn quickly, but has the potential to cause discomfort
and steel foot (6) and fitted with an accelerometer (4), having
...
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