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ASTM F3188-16(2021)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Extractable Hazardous Metals in Synthetic Turf Infill Materials

Standard Specification for Extractable Hazardous Metals in Synthetic Turf Infill Materials

ABSTRACT
This specification covers all extractable hazardous metals (man-made or natural) that are intended for use as infill materials for synthetic turf sports surfaces. It specifies the amount of certain metals that have the potential to be extracted from synthetic turf infill materials if ingested. The time, temperature, and pH of the extraction fluid approximate the conditions the infill material would experience in the stomach during the digestive process. The levels of extractable metals are compared to maximum levels allowed in children's toys.
This specification includes requirements with respect to performance (hazardous metal content), test methods, sampling, apparatus, reagents, and procedure.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
7.1 This test method is based on subsection 8.3 of Consumer Safety Specification F963, which specifies a test procedure to determine the amount of hazardous metals that have the potential to be present in toys and handled or ingested by children. Since it is possible for users of synthetic turf playing surfaces to handle or ingest particles of synthetic turf infill materials, it is necessary to determine the level of hazardous metals in the synthetic turf infill materials. The limits of hazardous metals used in this specification are based on those specified in Consumer Safety Specification F963, adjusted for statistical error correction factor as described in Consumer Safety Specification F963.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification relates to the amount of certain metals that have the potential to be extracted from synthetic turf infill materials if ingested. The time, temperature, and pH of the extraction fluid approximate the conditions the infill material would experience in the stomach during the digestive process. The levels of extractable metals are compared to maximum levels allowed in children’s toys.  
1.2 This specification applies to all materials (man-made or natural) that are intended for use as infill materials for synthetic turf sports surfaces.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Nov-2021
ICS
97.220.10 - Sports facilities
Technical Committee
F08 - Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities
Drafting Committee
F08.65 - Artificial Turf Surfaces and Systems
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM F963-23 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
Effective Date
01-Aug-2023
Refers
ASTM F963-16 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
Effective Date
01-Aug-2016
Refers
ASTM F963-11 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
Effective Date
01-Dec-2011
Refers
ASTM F2075-10a - Standard Specification for Engineered Wood Fiber for Use as a Playground Safety Surface Under and Around Playground Equipment
Effective Date
01-Aug-2010
Refers
ASTM F2075-10 - Standard Specification for Engineered Wood Fiber for Use as a Playground Safety Surface Under and Around Playground Equipment
Effective Date
15-Jan-2010
Refers
ASTM F963-08 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
Effective Date
01-Dec-2008
Refers
ASTM F963-07e1 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
Effective Date
15-Mar-2007
Refers
ASTM D1193-06 - Standard Specification for Reagent Water
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Refers
ASTM F2075-04 - Standard Specification for Engineered Wood Fiber for Use as a Playground Safety Surface Under and Around Playground Equipment
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Refers
ASTM F2075-04e1 - Standard Specification for Engineered Wood Fiber for Use as a Playground Safety Surface Under and Around Playground Equipment
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Refers
ASTM F963-03 - Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003
Refers
ASTM F2075-01 - Standard Specification for Engineered Wood Fiber for Use as a Playground Safety Surface Under and Around Playground Equipment
Effective Date
12-Dec-2001
Refers
ASTM F2075-01a - Standard Specification for Engineered Wood Fiber for Use as a Playground Safety Surface Under and Around Playground Equipment
Effective Date
12-Dec-2001
Refers
ASTM D1193-99e1 - Standard Specification for Reagent Water
Effective Date
10-Feb-1999
Refers
ASTM D1193-99 - Standard Specification for Reagent Water
Effective Date
10-Feb-1999

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ASTM F3188-16(2021) - Standard Specification for Extractable Hazardous Metals in Synthetic Turf Infill MaterialsASTM F3188-16(2021) - Standard Specification for Extractable Hazardous Metals in Synthetic Turf Infill Materials
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ASTM F3188-16(2021) - Standard Specification for Extractable Hazardous Metals in Synthetic Turf Infill Materials
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F3188 −16 (Reapproved 2021) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Extractable Hazardous Metals in Synthetic Turf Infill
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3188; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope PlaygroundSafetySurfaceUnderandAroundPlayground
Equipment
1.1 Thisspecificationrelatestotheamountofcertainmetals
F3012Specification for Loose-Fill Rubber for Use as a
that have the potential to be extracted from synthetic turf infill
Playground Safety Surface under and around Playground
materials if ingested. The time, temperature, and pH of the
Equipment
extraction fluid approximate the conditions the infill material
2.2 European Standard:
would experience in the stomach during the digestive process.
EN 71-3:2013Safety of toys – Part 3: Migration of certain
The levels of extractable metals are compared to maximum
elements
levels allowed in children’s toys.
2.3 U.S. EPA Standards and Methods:
1.2 This specification applies to all materials (man-made or
EPA Method 6010BInductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic
natural)thatareintendedforuseasinfillmaterialsforsynthetic
EmissionSpectrometry;SW846,TestMethodsforEvalu-
turf sports surfaces.
ating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
EPA Method 7470AMercury in Liquid Waste (Manual
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this Cold-VaporTechnique);SW846,TestMethodsforEvalu-
standard.
ating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 hazardous metal, n—metal that could have the poten-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
tial to cause harm to humans.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.2 infill material, n—any material added to a synthetic
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
turf fabric to provide shock attenuation, ballast, or other
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
functions as part of the synthetic turf system.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4. Performance Requirements
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 Hazardous Metal Content—When the infill sample is
analyzed using the procedure described in 10.4 (including the
2. Referenced Documents
correction for statistical errors as described in 10.6) the
maximum content of hazardous metals shall not exceed the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
level shown in Table 1.
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
F963Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
TEST METHODS
F2075SpecificationforEngineeredWoodFiberforUseasa
5. Summary of Test Method
5.1 The synthetic turf infill soluble hazardous metal content
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports
is determined using a procedure contained in Consumer Safety
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
Specification F963. This procedure simulates the situation in
Subcommittee F08.65 on Artificial Turf Surfaces and Systems.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2021. Published December 2021. Originally
approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as F3188–16. DOI:
10.1520/F3188-16R21. Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Avenue
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Marnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cen.eu.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM AvailablefromUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA),William
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Jefferson Clinton Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460,
the ASTM website. http://www.epa.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F3188 − 16 (2021)
TABLE 1 Maximum Soluble Migrated Element in ppm (mg/kg)
NOTE 1—Information in this table taken from Consumer Safety Specification F963.
Element Antimony Arsenic Barium Cadmium Chromium Lead Mercury Selenium
Sb As Ba Cd Cr Pb Hg Se
60 25 1000 75 60 90 60 500
TABLE 2 Analytical Corrections
Element Sb As Ba Cd Cr Pb Hg Se
Analytical
60 60 30 30 30 30 50 60
correction, %
which synthetic turf infill material remains in contact with such specifications are available. Other grades are permitted,
stomach acid for a period of time after swallowing. The provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently
resultant solution is analyzed for mercury content using EPA high purity to permit its use without lessening of the accuracy
Method 7470A and for the other hazardous metals using EPA of the determination.
Method 6010B.
9.2 Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 0.08 mol/L.
9.3 Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 2.0 mol/L.
6. Sampling
9.4 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, reference
6.1 The laboratory sample of infill materia
...

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1.1 This guide covers techniques that are appropriate for the construction and maintenance of skinned areas on baseball and softball fields. This guide provides guidance for the selection of materials, such as soil, sand, gravel, crushed stone, crushed brick, calcined clay, calcined diatomaceous earth, vitrified clay, etc., for use in constructing or reconditioning skinned areas and for the selection of management practices that will maintain a safe and playable skinned surface. Although this guide is specific to baseball/softball, it has application to other sports where ball bounce, ball roll, or player footing, or a combination thereof, are of importance.  
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1.1 This adapted test method covers the determination of strength and stress-strain relationships of a cylindrical specimen of a compacted, drained cohesive natural or synthetic soil surface used in equine sports surfaces. Specimens are isotropically consolidated and sheared in compression at a constant rate of axial deformation (strain controlled).  
1.2 The shear strength of an equine sports surface material describes the resistance of the material to sliding of the surface layers. Shear strength influences both slide and penetration of the hoof in the track surface. It is generally accepted that a small amount of slide on impact is desirable (1-3).2 However, the surface must have sufficient shear strength to support the horse during propulsion (1-5). Thus, an optimal shear strength would be expected for an equestrian surface.  
1.3 To determine the shear strength of an equine sports surface, a representative dirt or synthetic sample is placed into a cylindrical cell and a vertical load is applied. Shear strength is measured as per the procedures outlined in Test Method D4767 for lab-consolidated samples. This ASTM standard was adapted by Racing Surfaces Testing Laboratory for the drained condition to more accurately model the conditions of an equestrian surface.  
1.4 Dirt samples are tested over a range of forming moisture contents to determine the maximum bulk density and optimal forming moisture content for a given energy input. The dirt samples are then compacted at this optimal moisture content. The maximum stress failure criteria is assumed and results are presented as the failure stress at 15 psi confining pressure versus sample forming moisture content, along with friction angle and cohesion.  
1.5 Synthetic samples with good drainage are tested at a 4% forming moisture content, and over a specified range of temperatures. The temperature is controlled using a heated/refrigerated water bath with a triaxial cell cap fitted with a copper coil. Failure criteria is assumed under similar conditions for the dirt surfaces, and results are presented as the failure stress at 15 psi confining pressure versus sample temperature, along with friction angle and cohesion.  
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