ASTM C1223-92(1998)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Testing of Glass Exudation from AZS Fusion-Cast Refractories
Standard Test Method for Testing of Glass Exudation from AZS Fusion-Cast Refractories
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for causing the exudation of a glassy phase to the surface of fusion-cast specimens by subjecting them to temperatures corresponding to glass furnace operating temperatures.
1.2 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the exudate as the percent of volume increase of the specimen after cooling.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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Designation: C 1223 – 92 (Reappoved 1998)
Standard Test Method for
Testing of Glass Exudation from AZS Fusion-Cast
Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1223; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Apparatus and Materials
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for causing the 4.1 Scale—A laboratory scale rigged for suspension of
exudation of a glassy phase to the surface of fusion-cast specimens for dry/wet weight determinations to an accuracy of
specimens by subjecting them to temperatures corresponding 0.01 g.
to glass furnace operating temperatures. 4.2 Kiln—An electric kiln to accommodate several 4-in.
1.2 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the (102-mm) specimen cores placed vertically on end, and for
exudate as the percent of volume increase of the specimen after service at 2750°F (1510°C), with a variation of <10°F (6°C).
cooling. 4.3 Foil—Cups formed from 2 ⁄4-in. (56-mm) squares of
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded platinum foil (Pt, 5 % Au alloy, 0.003-in. (0.076-mm) thick).
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for One cup required per specimen.
information only. 4.4 AZS Casting—A virgin casting having no prior thermal
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the history except that of its own formation, and of a size and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the casting process equivalent to the intended application (such as
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- an arch block) in which exudation potential is of interest.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. Test Specimens and Sampling
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 Specimens may be removed from the original casting
2. Referenced Documents
either as drilled cores or as sawed bars, depending on labora-
2.1 ASTM Standards: tory capability. Specimen cores or bars should be 4-in. (102-
C 20 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorp- mm) long and either 1 in. (25.4 mm) in diameter or 1 by 1 in.
tion, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of (25.4 by 25.4 mm) in cross-section. The length dimension of
Burned Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water the specimen should be perpendicular to the surface of the
block from which it is removed.
3. Significance and Use
5.2 The dimensions of the prepared specimen core are not
3.1 This test method was developed for use both by manu-
critical but should be maintained as specified, with minimal
facturers as a process control tool for the production of AZS specimen-to-specimen variation. Excessive thickness can pre-
fusion-cast refractories, and by glass manufacturers in the
vent isothermal heating within the specimen. Height and width
selection of refractories and design of glass-melting furnaces. can affect the positioned stability of the specimen in the kiln
3.2 The results may be considered as representative of the
during heating.
potential for an AZS refractory (specifically, in the tested 5.3 The size of the original casting may influence the
region) to contribute to glass defect formation during the
results. Evaluations of the product should be made relative to
furnace production operation. only the intended application. For example, a conveniently
3.3 The procedures and results may be applied to other
sized bottom paver might not be representative of a larger
refractory types or applications (that is, reheat furnace skidrail superstructure casting because (for example) casting mold
brick) in which glass exudation is considered to be important.
types and solidification rates may have been different during
manufacture.
5.4 The location and depth of specimens within the original
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-8 on
casting can influence the results. Regions closely underlying
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.10 on Refracto-
the surface of the casting (particularly near the corners and
ries for Glass.
edges) are thermally quenched and have aligned microstruc-
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 1992. Published February 1993.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01. tures that are atypical of more slowly cooled regions. Deeper in
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C 1223
a casting, glass phase pockets and crystal sizes are larger, and being no less than half the thickness of the casting. The
certain shifts in chemical stratification exist due to fractional specimen length should be either half the thickness or full
crystallization during solidification. No single point in an AZS surface-to-surface thickness.
casting represents the whole entirely. 5.8 Large, vertically-cast blocks, such as those that are used
5.5 Regular-cast AZS blocks, approximately 8 to 12-in. commonly in high-wear glass-contact applications, may be
(203 to 305-mm) thick, such as is typical of furnace super- sampled perpendicularly to any of the four major vertical
structure and sidewall sizes, are sampled by drilling or plunge- surfaces, with the following restrictions: sampling should be at
cutting perpendicularly to the bottom surface (the surface least 4 in. (102 mm) from any edge, and the entire bottom
opposite the casting scar). region should be avoided up to 8 in. (203 mm) from the bottom
5.5.1 The location of entry (by drilling or sawing) should be (as-cast). This lower region, which often becomes the top
at least 4-in. (102-mm) away from any edge, yet not immedi- “metal-line” region, as when the casting is inverted, has been
ately under the casting scar. found to be not representative of the overall casting.
5.5.2 Drill or cut deeper than specified; then break out from
6. Procedure
the casting and saw square to 4-in. (102-mm) length, retaining
the moldskin (original surface of the block) on one end of the 6.1 Weights must be obtained individually for both the
specimen by cutting off the end opposite it. untested specimen cores and the foil squares on which the
5.5.3 The quantity of specimens per casting is not specified. cores will be placed. This is because each core and its foil will
(Correlation coefficients of 10 to 20 % have been obtained by usually be fused together at the end of testing and cannot be
this procedure on large specimen populations taken from single separated before weighing without risk of lost exudate. Once
castings.) paired, each set of core-and-foil must remain together through-
5.6 For smaller regular-cast blocks less than 8-in. (203-mm) out testing and subsequent calculation of data (see Fig. 1).
thick, specimen length and location are determined by original 6.2 To account for the possible presence of surface-
casting size. That is, the proximity of specim
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