ASTM NACE/ASTMG31-12

Standard Guide for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of Metals

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Corrosion testing by its very nature precludes complete standardization. This standard, rather than a standardized procedure, is presented as a guide so that some of the pitfalls of such testing may be avoided.
4.2 Experience has shown that all metals and alloys do not respond alike to the many factors that affect corrosion and that accelerated corrosion tests give indicative results only, or may even be entirely misleading. It is impractical to propose an inflexible standard laboratory corrosion testing procedure for general use, except for material qualification tests where standardization is required. One purpose for this guide is to promote better correlation of results in the future and the reduction of conflicting reports through a more detailed recording of meaningful factors and conditions.
4.3 In designing any corrosion test, consideration should be given to the various factors discussed in this guide, because these factors have been found to affect the results obtained.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and describes the factors that influence laboratory immersion corrosion tests, particularly mass loss tests. These factors include apparatus, sampling, test specimen, test conditions (test solution composition, temperature, gas sparging, fluid motion, solution volume, method of supporting test specimens, duration of test), methods of cleaning test specimens, interpretation of results, and calculation of corrosion rates. This guide also emphasizes the importance of recording all pertinent data and provides a checklist for reporting test data.
1.2 The specific evaluation of localized attack, environmentally assisted cracking, and effects of solution flow are not within the scope of this guide.
1.3 This guide is intended to be used by those designing laboratory immersion tests who may not be familiar with all of the variables to consider and the pitfalls that could be encountered when designing and conducting this kind of testing. It should be used as a reference to ensure that the test will allow generation of data relevant to the application with the minimum of interferences.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Jan-2012
• ICS: 77.060 - Corrosion of metals
• Technical Committee: J01 - Joint ASTM/NACE Committee on Corrosion
• Drafting Committee: J01.01 - Working Group on Laboratory Immersion Tests

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:G31–12
Standard Guide for
1
Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of Metals
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationG31;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular
Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels
1.1 This guide covers and describes the factors that influ-
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
ence laboratory immersion corrosion tests, particularly mass
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
loss tests. These factors include apparatus, sampling, test
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
specimen, test conditions (test solution composition, tempera-
G1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corro-
ture, gas sparging, fluid motion, solution volume, method of
sion Test Specimens
supporting test specimens, duration of test), methods of clean-
G28 Test Methods for Detecting Susceptibility to Inter-
ing test specimens, interpretation of results, and calculation of
granular Corrosion in Wrought, Nickel-Rich, Chromium-
corrosion rates. This guide also emphasizes the importance of
Bearing Alloys
recording all pertinent data and provides a checklist for
G34 Test Method for Exfoliation Corrosion Susceptibility
reporting test data.
in 2XXX and 7XXX Series Aluminum Alloys (EXCO
1.2 The specific evaluation of localized attack, environmen-
Test)
tally assisted cracking, and effects of solution flow are not
G46 Guide for Examination and Evaluation of Pitting
within the scope of this guide.
Corrosion
1.3 This guide is intended to be used by those designing
G48 Test Methods for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Resis-
laboratory immersion tests who may not be familiar with all of
tance of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys by Use of
the variables to consider and the pitfalls that could be encoun-
Ferric Chloride Solution
tered when designing and conducting this kind of testing. It
G66 Test Method for Visual Assessment of Exfoliation
should be used as a reference to ensure that the test will allow
Corrosion Susceptibility of 5XXX Series Aluminum Al-
generation of data relevant to the application with the mini-
loys (ASSET Test)
mum of interferences.
G67 Test Method for Determining the Susceptibility to
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Intergranular Corrosion of 5XXX SeriesAluminumAlloys
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
by Mass Loss After Exposure to Nitric Acid (NAMLT
only.
Test)
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
G71 Guide for Conducting and Evaluating Galvanic Corro-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sion Tests in Electrolytes
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
G78 Guide for Crevice Corrosion Testing of Iron-Base and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Nickel-Base Stainless Alloys in Seawater and Other
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Chloride-Containing Aqueous Environments
2. Referenced Documents G82 Guide for Development and Use of a Galvanic Series
2
for Predicting Galvanic Corrosion Performance
2.1 ASTM Standards:
G107 Guide for Formats for Collection and Compilation of
Corrosion Data for Metals for Computerized Database
Input
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of NACE/ASTM Committee J01, Joint
G108 Test Method for Electrochemical Reactivation (EPR)
Committee on Corrosion, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee J01.01,
Working Group on Laboratory Immersion Tests. for Detecting Sensitization of AISI Type 304 and 304L
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2012. Published October 2012. Originally
Stainless Steels
approved in 1972. Last previousASTM edition approved in 2004 as G31–72(2004).
G110 Practice for Evaluating Intergranular Corrosion Re-
NACE edition originally approved in 1969. Last previous NACE edition approved
sistanceofHeatTreatableAluminumAlloysbyImmersion
in 2000 as TM0169-2000. DOI: 10.1520/G0031-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM Web site, www.astm.org, or
in Sodium Chloride + Hydrogen Peroxide Solution
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
G112 Guide for Conducting Exfoliation Corrosion Tests in
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Aluminum Alloys
theASTMWeb site. For NACE standards, visit the NACEWeb site, www.nace.org,
or contact NACE FirstService at fi[e-mail].
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:G31–72 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Practice for Designation: G31 – 12
Standard Guide for
1
Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of Metals
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationG31;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1This practice describes accepted procedures for and factors that influence laboratory immersion corrosion tests, particularly
mass loss tests. These factors include specimen preparation, apparatus, test conditions, methods of cleaning specimens, evaluation
of results, and calculation and reporting of corrosion rates. This practice also emphasizes the importance of recording all pertinent
data and provides a checklist for reporting test data. Other ASTM procedures for laboratory corrosion tests are tabulated in the
Appendix. (Warning—In many cases the corrosion product on the reactive metals titanium and zirconium is a hard and tightly
bonded oxide that defies removal by chemical or ordinary mechanical means. In many such cases, corrosion rates are established
by mass gain rather than mass loss.)
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3
1.1 This guide covers and describes the factors that influence laboratory immersion corrosion tests, particularly mass loss tests.
These factors include apparatus, sampling, test specimen, test conditions (test solution composition, temperature, gas sparging,
fluid motion, solution volume, method of supporting test specimens, duration of test), methods of cleaning test specimens,
interpretation of results, and calculation of corrosion rates. This guide also emphasizes the importance of recording all pertinent
data and provides a checklist for reporting test data.
1.2 The specific evaluation of localized attack, environmentally assisted cracking, and effects of solution flow are not within the
scope of this guide.
1.3 This guide is intended to be used by those designing laboratory immersion tests who may not be familiar with all of the
variables to consider and the pitfalls that could be encountered when designing and conducting this kind of testing. It should be
used as a reference to ensure that the test will allow generation of data relevant to the application with the minimum of
interferences.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee J01 on Corrosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee J01.01 on Working Group on Laboratory
Immersion Tests.
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as G31–72 (1998). DOI:
10.1520/G0031-72R04.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of NACE/ASTM Committee J01, Joint Committee on Corrosion, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee J01.01, Working
Group on Laboratory Immersion Tests.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2012. Published October 2012. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous ASTM edition approved in 2004 as G31–72(2004). NACE
edition originally approved in 1969. Last previous NACE edition approved in 2000 as TM0169-2000. DOI: 10.1520/G0031-12.
2
This practice is based upon NACE Standard TM-01-69, “Test Method-Laboratory Corrosion Testing of Metals for the Process Industries,” with modifications to relate
more directly to Practices G1 and G1 and Guide G4.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMWebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail] Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volumeinformation,refertothestandard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMWebsite.ForNACEstandards,visittheNACEWebsite,www.nace.org,orcontactNACE
FirstService at fi[e-mail].
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO B
...