ASTM D6538-00(2005)e1
(Guide)Standard Guide for Sampling Wastewater With Automatic Samplers
Standard Guide for Sampling Wastewater With Automatic Samplers
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of automatic wastewater samplers including procedures for their use in obtaining representative samples. Automatic wastewater samplers are intended for the unattended collection of samples that are representative of the parameters of interest in the wastewater body. While this guide primarily addresses the sampling of wastewater, the same automatic samplers may be used to sample process streams and natural water bodies.
1.2 The guide does not address general guidelines for planning waste sampling activities (see Guide D 4687), development of data quality objectives (see Practice D 5792), the design of monitoring systems and determination of the number of samples to collect (see Practice D 6311), operational details of any specific type of sampler, in-situ measurement of parameters of interest, data assessment and statistical interpretation of resultant data (see Guide D 6233), or sampling and field quality assurance (see Guide D 5612). It also does not address sampling groundwater.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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´1
Designation:D6538–00 (Reapproved2005)
Standard Guide for
Sampling Wastewater With Automatic Samplers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6538; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Reference (7) was updated in March 2006.
1. Scope D3694 Practices for Preparation of Sample Containers and
for Preservation of Organic Constituents
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of automatic
D3856 Guide for Good Laboratory Practices in Laborato-
wastewater samplers including procedures for their use in
ries Engaged in Sampling and Analysis of Water
obtaining representative samples. Automatic wastewater sam-
D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
plers are intended for the unattended collection of samples that
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
are representative of the parameters of interest in the waste-
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
water body. While this guide primarily addresses the sampling
Used at Waste Sites
of wastewater, the same automatic samplers may be used to
D5283 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-
sample process streams and natural water bodies.
lated to Waste Management Activities: Quality Assurance
1.2 The guide does not address general guidelines for
and Quality Control Planning and Implementation
planning waste sampling activities (see Guide D4687), devel-
D5612 Guide for Quality Planning and Field Implementa-
opment of data quality objectives (see Practice D5792), the
tion of a Water Quality Measurement Program
design of monitoring systems and determination of the number
D5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-
of samples to collect (see Practice D6311), operational details
lated to Waste Management Activities: Development of
of any specific type of sampler, in-situ measurement of
Data Quality Objectives
parameters of interest, data assessment and statistical interpre-
D5851 Guide for Planning and Implementing a Water
tation of resultant data (see Guide D6233), or sampling and
Monitoring Program
field quality assurance (see Guide D5612). It also does not
D5956 Guide for Sampling Strategies for Heterogeneous
address sampling groundwater.
Wastes
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D6233 Guide for Data Assessment for Environmental
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
Waste Management Activities
information only.
D6311 Guide for Generation of Environmental Data Re-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
lated to Waste Management Activities: Selection and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Optimization of Sampling Design
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E856 Definitions of Terms and Abbreviations Relating to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Refuse Derived
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Fuel
2. Referenced Documents
3. Terminology
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1 composite sample, n—a combination of two or more
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
samples. (D1129)
3.2 representative sample, n—a sample collected such that
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
it reflects one or more characteristics of interest (as defined by
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 on
the project objectives) of a population from which it was
Planning for Sampling.
collected. (D5956)
Current edition approved March 17, 2006. Published March 2006. Originally
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D6538 – 00(2005).
3.3 sample, n—a portion of material taken from a larger
DOI: 10.1520/D6538-00R05E01.
quantity for the purpose of estimating properties or composi-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
tion of the larger quantity. (E856)
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
´1
D6538–00 (2005)
TABLE 1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Manual versus
representative of conditions at the time of sampling (4). Grab
Automatic Sampling of Wastewater (3)
samples are sometimes also called individual or discrete
Type Advantages Disadvantages
samples (5). Sequential grab samples are a series of grab
Manual Low capital cost Increased variability due to
samples collected at constant increments of either time or flow
sample handling
and provide a history of variation. Grab samples are appropri-
Personnel can compensate for Inconsistency in collection
ate when samples are needed to:
various situations
Personnel can document High cost of labor assuming
6.1.1 Characterize an effluent that is not continuous,
unusual conditions composite or multiple grab
6.1.2 Provide information about instantaneous concentra-
samples are collected
tions of pollutants,
No maintenance Repetitious and monotonous
task for personnel
6.1.3 Allow collection of samples of varied volume,
Extra samples can be collected
6.1.4 Corroborate composite samples,
in a short time if necessary
6.1.5 Monitor parameters not amenable to compositing (for
Automatic Consistent samples Considerable maintenance for
example, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, chlorine, purge-
batteries and cleaning;
able organics (unless a specialized sampler is used), oil and
susceptible to plugging by
grease and others specified by a permit which may include
solids
Decreased variability caused by Restricted in size to the general
phenols, sulfites and hexavalent chromium).
sample handling specifications
6.1.6 Characterize a waste stream in detail where rapid
Minimal labor requirement for Greater potential for sample
fluctuations of parameters occur (sequential grabs).
sampling contamination
Capable of collecting multiple May be subject to damage by
6.2 Composite Samples—Composite samples are collected
grab and multiple aliquot vandals
over time, either by continuous sampling or by mixing discrete
composite samples
High capital cost samples, and represent the average characteristics of the waste
stream during the compositing period. Composite samples are
collected when stipulated in a permit, when average pollutant
concentration during the compositing period is to be deter-
4. Significance and Use
mined, and when wastewater characteristics are highly vari-
4.1 This guide provides persons responsible for designing
able. There are four types of composite samples.
and implementing wastewater sampling programs with a sum-
6.2.1 Time Composite Samples—This method requires dis-
mary of the types of automatic wastewater samplers, discusses
crete sample aliquots be collected in one container at constant
the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of
time intervals. The method is appropriate when the flow of the
samplers and addresses recommended procedures for their use.
streamisconstant(flowratedoesnotvarymorethan 610 %of
the average flow rate (4)) or when flow monitoring equipment
5. Automatic Versus Manual Sampling (1, 2)
is not available. The EPA allows time-proportional sampling
5.1 The advantages and disadvantages of manual and auto-
and requires samples be collected every 15-min, on average,
matic sampling are summarized in Table 1. The decision as to
over a 24-h period.
whether to use manual or automatic sampling involves many
6.2.2 Flow-Proportional Composite Samples—There are
considerations in addition to equipment costs. In general,
two methods used for this type of sample (4). The most
manual sampling is indicated when infrequent samples are
commonly used method with automatic samplers collects a
required from a site, when biological or sediment samples, or
constant sample volume at varying time intervals proportional
both, are also required, when investigating special incidents,
to stream flow based on input from a flow monitor (for
where sites will not allow the use of automatic devices, for
example, a 200-mL aliquot is collected for every 5000 L of
most bacteriological sampling, where concentrations remain
flow). In the other flow-proportional compositing method, the
relatively constant, etc. The use of automatic samplers is
sample is collected by varying the volume of each aliquot as
indicated where frequent sampling is required at a given site,
the flow varies, while maintaining a constant time interval
where long-term compositing is desired, where simultaneous
between the aliquots.
sampling at many sites is necessary, etc.Automatic sampling is
6.2.3 Sequential Composite Samples—A sequential com-
often the method of choice for storm-generated discharge
posite sample is composed of a series of short-period compos-
studies, for longer outfall monitoring, for treatment plant
ites, each of which is held in an individual container, for
efficiency studies, where 24-h composite samples are required,
example, four sample aliquots are composited (one every 15
etc. The user should review 7.1.22 before selecting manual or
min) to form hourly composites (4). The 24-h sequential
automatic sampling.
composite is then manually made by compositing the indi-
vidual 1-h composite sample.
6. Types of Samples Collected by Automatic Samplers
6.2.4 Continuous Composite Samples—This method re-
6.1 GrabSamples—As defined under the U.S. Environmen-
quires that the sample be collected continuously at a constant
tal Protection Agency’s (EPA) National Pollutant Discharge
rate or proportional to flow (4). This method is seldom used
Elimination Program, grab samples are individual samples
with automatic samplers.
collected over a period of time not exceeding 15 min and are
7. Attributes of Automatic Samplers
7.1 The EPA (6) developed a list of attributes of the ideal
The boldface numbers given in parentheses refer to a list of references at the
end of the standard. automatic sampler for their use and EPA Region 4 (7) and
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D6538–00 (2005)
others (3) have noted other important attributes. These at- 7.1.20 Exterior surface a light color to reflect sunlight.
tributes and requirements may be specific to EPA’s use and 7.1.21 Low cost, availability of spare parts, warranty, ease
were primarily directed at suction lift type automatic samplers. of maintenance, reliability and ruggedness of construction, and
Not all these sampler characteristics will be important to all capable of being repaired in the field.
users but their consideration may guide persons selecting 7.1.22 Other Factors—Other factors (3) that should be
automatic samplers. The desirable features of automatic sam- considered in selecting an automatic sampler are the:
plers listed below have been summarized and combined from 7.1.22.1 Expected variation in water or wastewater compo-
the referenced documents. sition with time,
7.1.1 Capable of AC/DC operation with adequate dry bat- 7.1.22.2 Variation of flow rate with time,
tery energy storage for 120-h operation at 1-h sampling 7.1.22.3 Specific gravity of the liquid
intervals. 7.1.22.4 Concentration and density of suspended solids of
7.1.2 Suitable for suspension in a standard manhole yet still interest,
accessible for inspection and sample removal.Asecure harness 7.1.22.5 Presence of floating materials,
or mounting device if the sampler is placed in a sewer. 7.1.22.6 Characteristicsofthesitewherethesamplerwillbe
7.1.3 Total weight, including batteries, less than 18 kg. placed,
7.1.22.7 Range of intended use (a permanent site or travel-
Compact and portable enough for one-person installation.
7.1.4 Sample collection interval adjustable from 10 min to 4 ing sampler),
7.1.22.8 Skill level required for installation and operation of
h.
7.1.5 Capable of collecting a single 9.5-L (2.5-gal) sample the sampler, and
7.1.22.9 The level of accuracy desired.
and/or collecting 500-mL (0.13-gal) discrete samples in a
minimum of 24 containers.The individual sample aliquot must
8. Types of Automatic Samplers (1,2,3)
be at least 100 mL.
8.1 There are three main types of automatic samplers,
7.1.6 Capable of multiplexing repeated aliquots into dis-
suction lift, pressure or forced flow, and mechanical. Each has
crete bottles.
its advantages and limitations and all types are available in
7.1.7 One intake hose with a minimum inner diameter of
models designed to preserve samples via cooling (iced or
0.64 cm (0.25 in) and a weighted, streamlined intake screen
refrigerated).While all automatic samplers can collect samples
which will prevent accumulation of solids.
through time, some samplers are designed to be triggered by
7.1.8 Intake hose liquid velocity adjustable from 0.6 to 3
inputs from online devices measuring flow, pH, temperature,
m/s (2.0 to 10 ft/s) with dial setting.
conductance, etc., and collect samples under specific condi-
7.1.9 Minimum lift capacity of 6.1 m (20 ft).
tions (for example, pH >9.0).
7.1.10 Explosion proof construction.
8.2 Suction Lift—Suction lift devices can be further subdi-
7.1.11 Watertight exterior case to protect components in the
vided into peristaltic and vacuum type samplers. Peristaltic
event of rain or submersion.
pump devices are the most commonly used type in the United
7.1.12 Exterior case capable of being locked, including lugs
States and use a rotating head to pinch a flexible hose creating
for attaching steel cable to prevent tampering and to provide
a vacuum to transport the sample to the container. Vacuum
security.
devices (8) are more popular in Europe and use a vacuum
7.1.13 An integral sample container compartment capable
pump to transport the sample to the sample container. Suction
of maintaining samples at 4 to 6°C for a period of 24 h at
liftsamplersareportable,versatileduetotheirlightweightand
ambient temperatures up to 38°C.
can purge the transport line between samples. Their main
7.1.14 Capable of operating in a temperature range from–
limitationisthattheirliftcapacitywhichisclaimedtorangeup
10 to 40°C with the exception of the intake hose.
to 9 m but may be significantly less. Also, since suction lift
7.1.15 A purge cycle to flush the sample intake tubing
devices use a vacuum to transport samples, they cause some
before and after each collection interval, and a mechanism to
degassing of the sample and are generally unsuitable for
sense and clear a plugged sample line and then collect the
sampling dissolved
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D6538–00 (Reapproved2005) Designation:D6538–00 (Reapproved2005)
Standard Guide for
Sampling Wastewater With Automatic Samplers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6538; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Reference (7) was updated in March 2006.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of automatic wastewater samplers including procedures for their use in obtaining
representative samples. Automatic wastewater samplers are intended for the unattended collection of samples that are
representative of the parameters of interest in the wastewater body. While this guide primarily addresses the sampling of
wastewater, the same automatic samplers may be used to sample process streams and natural water bodies.
1.2 The guide does not address general guidelines for planning waste sampling activities (see Guide D 4687), development of
data quality objectives (see Practice D 5792), the design of monitoring systems and determination of the number of samples to
collect(seePracticeD 6311),operationaldetailsofanyspecifictypeofsampler,in-situmeasurementofparametersofinterest,data
assessment and statistical interpretation of resultant data (see Guide D 6233), or sampling and field quality assurance (see Guide
D 5612). It also does not address sampling groundwater.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D 3694 Practices for Preparation of Sample Containers and for Preservation of Organic Constituents
D 3856 Guide for Good Laboratory Practices in Laboratories Engaged in Sampling and Analysis of Water
D 4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
D 4840 Guide for SamplingSample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
D 5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Nonradioactive Waste Sites
D 5283 PracticeforGenerationofEnvironmentalDataRelatedtoWasteManagementActivities:QualityAssuranceandQuality
Control Planning and Implementation
D 5612 Guide for Quality Planning and Field Implementation of a Water Quality Measurement Program
D 5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related toWaste ManagementActivities: Development of Data Quality
Objectives
D 5851 Guide for Planning and Implementing a Water Monitoring Program
D 5956 Guide for Sampling Strategies for Heterogeneous Wastes
D 6233 Guide for Data Assessment for Environmental Waste Management Activities
D 6311 PracticeGuide for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Selection and
Optimizationg of Sampling Design
E 856 Definitions of Terms and Abbreviateions Relating to Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Refuse Derived Fuel
3. Terminology
3.1 composite sample, n—a combination of two or more samples. (D 1129)
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 on Planning for
Sampling.
Current edition approved July 1, 2005. PublishedAugust 2005. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D6538-00.on Waste Management
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 on Planning for Sampling.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
´1
D6538–00 (2005)
3.2 representative sample, n—a sample collected such that it reflects one or more characteristics of interest (as defined by the
project objectives) of a population from which it was collected. (D 5956)
3.3 sample, n—a portion of material taken from a larger quantity for the purpose of estimating properties or composition of the
larger quantity. (E 856)
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This guide provides persons responsible for designing and implementing wastewater sampling programs with a summary
of the types of automatic wastewater samplers, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of samplers and
addresses recommended procedures for their use.
5. Automatic Versus Manual Sampling (1, 2)
5.1 TheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofmanualandautomaticsamplingaresummarizedinTable1.Thedecisionastowhether
to use manual or automatic sampling involves many considerations in addition to equipment costs. In general, manual sampling
is indicated when infrequent samples are required from a site, when biological or sediment samples, or both, are also required,
when investigating special incidents, where sites will not allow the use of automatic devices, for most bacteriological sampling,
where concentrations remain relatively constant, etc. The use of automatic samplers is indicated where frequent sampling is
required at a given site, where long-term compositing is desired, where simultaneous sampling at many sites is necessary, etc.
Automatic sampling is often the method of choice for storm-generated discharge studies, for longer outfall monitoring, for
treatment plant efficiency studies, where 24-h composite samples are required, etc. The user should review 7.1.22 before selecting
manual or automatic sampling.
6. Types of Samples Collected by Automatic Samplers
6.1 Grab Samples— As defined under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination Program, grab samples are individual samples collected over a period of time not exceeding 15 min and are
representative of conditions at the time of sampling (4) . Grab samples are sometimes also called individual or discrete samples
(5). Sequential grab samples are a series of grab samples collected at constant increments of either time or flow and provide a
history of variation. Grab samples are appropriate when samples are needed to:
6.1.1 Characterize an effluent that is not continuous,
6.1.2 Provide information about instantaneous concentrations of pollutants,
6.1.3 Allow collection of samples of varied volume,
6.1.4 Corroborate composite samples,
6.1.5 Monitor parameters not amenable to compositing (for example, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, chlorine, purgeable
organics (unless a specialized sampler is used), oil and grease and others specified by a permit which may include phenols, sulfites
and hexavalent chromium).
The boldface numbers given in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of the standard.
TABLE 1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Manual versus
Automatic Sampling of Wastewater (3)
Type Advantages Disadvantages
Manual Low capital cost Increased variability due to
sample handling
Personnel can compensate for Inconsistency in collection
various situations
Personnel can document High cost of labor assuming
unusual conditions composite or multiple grab
samples are collected
No maintenance Repetitious and monotonous
task for personnel
Extra samples can be collected
in a short time if necessary
Automatic Consistent samples Considerable maintenance for
batteries and cleaning;
susceptible to plugging by
solids
Decreased variability caused by Restricted in size to the general
sample handling specifications
Minimal labor requirement for Greater potential for sample
sampling contamination
Capable of collecting multiple May be subject to damage by
grab and multiple aliquot vandals
composite samples
High capital cost
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D6538–00 (2005)
6.1.6 Characterize a waste stream in detail where rapid fluctuations of parameters occur (sequential grabs).
6.2 Composite Samples—Composite samples are collected over time, either by continuous sampling or by mixing discrete
samples, and represent the average characteristics of the waste stream during the compositing period. Composite samples are
collected when stipulated in a permit, when average pollutant concentration during the compositing period is to be determined, and
when wastewater characteristics are highly variable. There are four types of composite samples.
6.2.1 Time Composite Samples—This method requires discrete sample aliquots be collected in one container at constant time
intervals. The method is appropriate when the flow of the stream is constant (flow rate does not vary more than 610 % of the
average flow rate (4)) or when flow monitoring equipment is not available. The EPA allows time-proportional sampling and
requires samples be collected every 15-min, on average, over a 24-h period.
6.2.2 Flow-Proportional Composite Samples—There are two methods used for this type of sample (4). The most commonly
usedmethodwithautomaticsamplerscollectsaconstantsamplevolumeatvaryingtimeintervalsproportionaltostreamflowbased
on input from a flow monitor (for example, a 200-mLaliquot is collected for every 5000 Lof flow). In the other flow-proportional
compositingmethod,thesampleiscollectedbyvaryingthevolumeofeachaliquotastheflowvaries,whilemaintainingaconstant
time interval between the aliquots.
6.2.3 SequentialCompositeSamples —Asequential composite sample is composed of a series of short-period composites, each
of which is held in an individual container, for example, four sample aliquots are composited (one every 15 min) to form hourly
composites (4). The 24-h sequential composite is then manually made by compositing the individual 1-h composite sample.
6.2.4 Continuous Composite Samples —This method requires that the sample be collected continuously at a constant rate or
proportional to flow (4) . This method is seldom used with automatic samplers.
7. Attributes of Automatic Samplers
7.1 The EPA(6) developed a list of attributes of the ideal automatic sampler for their use and EPARegion 4 (7) and others (3)
have noted other important attributes. These attributes and requirements may be specific to EPA’s use and were primarily directed
at suction lift type automatic samplers. Not all these sampler characteristics will be important to all users but their consideration
may guide persons selecting automatic samplers.The desirable features of automatic samplers listed below have been summarized
and combined from the referenced documents.
7.1.1 Capable of AC/DC operation with adequate dry battery energy storage for 120-h operation at 1-h sampling intervals.
7.1.2 Suitable for suspension in a standard manhole yet still accessible for inspection and sample removal.Asecure harness or
mounting device if the sampler is placed in a sewer.
7.1.3 Total weight, including batteries, less than 18 kg. Compact and portable enough for one-person installation.
7.1.4 Sample collection interval adjustable from 10 min to 4 h.
7.1.5 Capable of collecting a single 9.5-L(2.5-gal) sample and/or collecting 500-mL(0.13-gal) discrete samples in a minimum
of 24 containers. The individual sample aliquot must be at least 100 mL.
7.1.6 Capable of multiplexing repeated aliquots into discrete bottles.
7.1.7 One intake hose with a minimum inner diameter of 0.64 cm (0.25 in) and a weighted, streamlined intake screen which
will prevent accumulation of solids.
7.1.8 Intake hose liquid velocity adjustable from 0.6 to 3 m/s (2.0 to 10 ft/s) with dial setting.
7.1.9 Minimum lift capacity of 6.1 m (20 ft).
7.1.10 Explosion proof construction.
7.1.11 Watertight exterior case to protect components in the event of rain or submersion.
7.1.12 Exterior case capable of being locked, including lugs for attaching steel cable to prevent tampering and to provide
security.
7.1.13 An integral sample container compartment capable of maintaining samples at 4 to 6°C for a period of 24 h at ambient
temperatures up to 38°C.
7.1.14 Capable of operating in a temperature range from– 10 to 40°C with the exception of the intake hose.
7.1.15 Apurge cycle to flush the sample intake tubing before and after each collection interval, and a mechanism to sense and
clear a plugged sample line and then collect the complete sample.
7.1.16 Capable of collecting flow-proportional and time-composite samples.
7.1.17 Materials of construction that contact the sample must not compromise the integrity of the sample for the intended use.
NOTE 1—Some references prohibited sample contact with metal (6) and contact with plastic or metal parts when parameters to be analyzed could be
impacted by these materials (7).
7.1.18 Water velocity in intake hose (greater than 0.6 m/s [2.0 ft/s]) and aliquot volume are independent of lift heights
experienced during the sampling event.
7.1.19 Overall construction, including casing, of materials resistant to corrosion (plastics, fiberglass, stainless steel).
7.1.20 Exterior surface a light color to reflect sunlight.
7.1.21 Low cost, availability of spare parts, warranty, ease of maintenance, reliability and ruggedness of construction, and
capable of being repaired in the field.
7.1.22 Other Factors— Other factors (3) that should be considered in selecting an automatic sampler are the:
´1
D6538–00 (2005)
7.1.22.1 Expected variation in water or wastewater composition with time,
7.1.22.2 Variation of flow rate with time,
7.1.22.3 Specific gravity of the liquid
7.1.22.4 Concentration and density of suspended solids of interest,
7.1.22.5 Presence of floating materials,
7.1.22.6 Characteristics of the site where the sampler will be placed,
7.1.22.7 Range of intended use (a permanent site or traveling sampler),
7.1.22.8 Skill level required for installation and operation of the sampler, and
7.1.22.9 The level of accuracy desired.
8. Types of Automatic Samplers (1,2,3)
8.1 There are three main types of automatic samplers, suction lift, pressure or forced flow, and mechanical. Each has its
advantages and limitations and all types are available in models designed to preserve samples via cooling (iced or refrigera
...
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