ASTM D6378-20

Standard Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure (VP<inf>X</inf>) of Petroleum Products, Hydrocarbons, and Hydrocarbon-Oxygenate Mixtures (Triple Expansion Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Vapor pressure is a very important physical property of volatile liquids for shipping and storage.  
5.2 The vapor pressure of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends is regulated by various government agencies.  
5.3 Specifications for volatile petroleum products generally include vapor pressure limits to ensure products of suitable volatility performance.  
5.4 In this test method, an air saturation procedure prior to the measurement is not required, thus eliminating losses of high volatile compounds during this step. This test method is faster and minimizes potential errors from improper air saturation. This test method permits VPX determinations in the field.  
5.5 This test method can be applied in online applications in which an air saturation procedure prior to the measurement cannot be performed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of automated vapor pressure instruments to determine the vapor pressure exerted in vacuum by volatile, liquid petroleum products, hydrocarbons, and hydrocarbon-oxygenate mixtures including ethanol blends up to 85 % (volume fraction). This test method is suitable for testing samples with boiling points above 0 °C (32 °F) that exert a vapor pressure between 7 kPa and 150 kPa (1.0 psi and 21 psi) at 37.8 °C (100 °F) at a vapor-to-liquid ratio of 4:1. The liquid sample volume size required for analysis is dependent upon the vapor-to-liquid ratio chosen (see Note 1) and the measuring chamber volume capacity of the instrument (see 6.1.1 and Note 5).
Note 1: The test method is suitable for the determination of the vapor pressure of volatile, liquid petroleum products at temperatures from 0 °C to 100 °C at vapor to liquid ratios of 4:1 to 1:1 (X = 4 to 1) and pressures up to 500 kPa (70 psi), but the precision statement (see Section 16) may not be applicable.
Note 2: The precision (see Section 16) using 1 L containers was determined in a 2003 interlaboratory study (ILS);2 the precision using 250 mL containers was determined in a 2016 ILS.3  
1.2 This test method also covers the use of automated vapor pressure instruments to determine the vapor pressure exerted in vacuum by aviation turbine fuels. This test method is suitable for testing aviation turbine fuel samples with boiling points above 0 °C (32 °F) that exert a vapor pressure between 0 kPa and 110 kPa (0 psi and 15.5 psi) at a vapor-to-liquid ratio of 4:1, in the temperature range from 25 °C to 100 °C (77 °F to 212 °F).
Note 3: The precision (see Section 16) for aviation turbine fuels using 100 mL containers was determined in a 2007 ILS.4  
1.3 The vapor pressure (VPX) determined by this test method at a vapor-liquid ratio of 4:1 (X = 4) of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends at 37.8 °C can be correlated to the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) value determined by Test Method D5191 (see 16.3). This condition does not apply when the sample is aviation turbine fuel.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2 – 7.8.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2020
• ICS: 75.080 - Petroleum products in general
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.08 - Volatility

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6378 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Vapor Pressure (VP ) of Petroleum
X
Products, Hydrocarbons, and Hydrocarbon-Oxygenate
1
Mixtures (Triple Expansion Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6378; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
4
100 mL containers was determined in a 2007 ILS.
1. Scope*
1.3 The vapor pressure (VP ) determined by this test
1.1 This test method covers the use of automated vapor
X
method at a vapor-liquid ratio of 4:1 (X = 4) of gasoline and
pressureinstrumentstodeterminethevaporpressureexertedin
gasoline-oxygenate blends at 37.8 °C can be correlated to the
vacuum by volatile, liquid petroleum products, hydrocarbons,
dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) value determined by
and hydrocarbon-oxygenate mixtures including ethanol blends
Test Method D5191 (see 16.3). This condition does not apply
up to 85 % (volume fraction). This test method is suitable for
when the sample is aviation turbine fuel.
testing samples with boiling points above 0 °C (32 °F) that
exert a vapor pressure between 7 kPa and 150 kPa (1.0 psi and
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
21 psi)at37.8 °C(100 °F)atavapor-to-liquidratioof4:1.The
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
liquid sample volume size required for analysis is dependent
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
upon the vapor-to-liquid ratio chosen (see Note 1) and the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
measuring chamber volume capacity of the instrument (see
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
6.1.1 and Note 5).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NOTE 1—The test method is suitable for the determination of the vapor priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
pressure of volatile, liquid petroleum products at temperatures from 0 °C
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
to 100 °C at vapor to liquid ratios of 4:1 to 1:1 (X=4to1)and pressures
For specific warning statements, see 7.2 – 7.8.
up to 500 kPa (70 psi), but the precision statement (see Section 16) may
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
not be applicable.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
NOTE 2—The precision (see Section 16) using 1 L containers was
2
determined in a 2003 interlaboratory study (ILS); the precision using
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3
250 mL containers was determined in a 2016 ILS.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 This test method also covers the use of automated vapor
pressureinstrumentstodeterminethevaporpressureexertedin Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
vacuum by aviation turbine fuels. This test method is suitable
2. Referenced Documents
for testing aviation turbine fuel samples with boiling points
5
above 0 °C (32 °F) that exert a vapor pressure between 0 kPa
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and 110 kPa (0 psi and 15.5 psi) at a vapor-to-liquid ratio of
D323 TestMethodforVaporPressureofPetroleumProducts
4:1, in the temperature range from 25 °C to 100 °C (77 °F to
(Reid Method)
212 °F).
D2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum
(15-Theoretical Plate Column)
NOTE 3—The precision (see Section 16) for aviation turbine fuels using
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Petroleum Products
Subcommittee D02.08 on Volatility.
Current edition approved May 1, 2020. Published May 2020. Originally
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D6378 – 18a. DOI:
4
10.1520/D6378-20. Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
2
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may beobtainedbyrequestingResearchReportRR:D02-1651.ContactASTMCustomer
beobtainedbyrequestingResearchReportRR:D02-1619.ContactASTMCustomer Service at [e-mail].
5
Service at [e-mail]. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
Research Report IP 394 (EN 130161) and IP 619 (EN 130163) 2016, contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
available from the Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London W1G 7AR, Standards volume informa
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6378 − 18a D6378 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Vapor Pressure (VP ) of Petroleum
X
Products, Hydrocarbons, and Hydrocarbon-Oxygenate
1
Mixtures (Triple Expansion Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6378; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the use of automated vapor pressure instruments to determine the vapor pressure exerted in vacuum
by volatile, liquid petroleum products, hydrocarbons, and hydrocarbon-oxygenate mixtures including ethanol blends up to 85 %
(volume fraction). This test method is suitable for testing samples with boiling points above 0 °C (32 °F) that exert a vapor pressure
between 7 kPa and 150 kPa (1.0 psi and 21 psi) at 37.8 °C (100 °F) at a vapor-to-liquid ratio of 4:1. The liquid sample volume size
required for analysis is dependent upon the vapor-to-liquid ratio chosen (see Note 1) and the measuring chamber volume capacity
of the instrument (see 6.1.1 and Note 5).
NOTE 1—The test method is suitable for the determination of the vapor pressure of volatile, liquid petroleum products at temperatures from 0 °C to
100 °C at vapor to liquid ratios of 4:1 to 1:1 (X = 4 to 1) and pressures up to 500 kPa (70 psi), but the precision statement (see Section 16) may not be
applicable.
2
NOTE 2—The precision (see Section 16) using 1 L containers was determined in a 2003 interlaboratory study (ILS); the precision using 250 mL
3
containers was determined in a 2016 ILS.
1.2 This test method also covers the use of automated vapor pressure instruments to determine the vapor pressure exerted in
vacuum by aviation turbine fuels. This test method is suitable for testing aviation turbine fuel samples with boiling points above
0 °C (32 °F) that exert a vapor pressure between 0 kPa and 110 kPa (0 psi and 15.5 psi) at a vapor-to-liquid ratio of 4:1, in the
temperature range from 25 °C to 100 °C (77 °F to 212 °F).
4
NOTE 3—The precision (see Section 16) for aviation turbine fuels using 100 mL containers was determined in a 2007 ILS.
1.3 The vapor pressure (VP ) determined by this test method at a vapor-liquid ratio of 4:1 (X = 4) of gasoline and
X
gasoline-oxygenate blends at 37.8 °C can be correlated to the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) value determined by Test
Method D5191 (see 16.3). This condition does not apply when the sample is aviation turbine fuel.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2 – 7.8.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.08 on Volatility.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018May 1, 2020. Published January 2019May 2020. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as
D6378 – 18.D6378 – 18a. DOI: 10.1520/D6378-18A.10.1520/D6378-20.
2
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1619. Contact ASTM Customer
Service at [e-mail].
3
Research Report IP 394 (EN 130161) and IP 619 (EN 130163) 2016, available from the Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London W1G 7AR, UK , email:
[e-mail].
4
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1651. Contact ASTM Customer
Service at [e-mail].
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International,
...