ASTM D8166-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particulates in Middle Distillate Fuels and Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20) Using Continuous Flow and Bottle Sampler Particle Contamination Monitors
Standard Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particulates in Middle Distillate Fuels and Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20) Using Continuous Flow and Bottle Sampler Particle Contamination Monitors
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use in the laboratory or in the field to evaluate the cleanliness of distillate fuels, and liquid biofuels, such as biodiesel and diesel blends. This specific test method and the precision statement applies to off-line analysis.
Note 5: These PCMs can be used for high pressure on-line applications as well, however the repeatability (r) and reproducibility (R) for on-line application were not established.
5.2 An increase in particulate counts can indicate a change in the fuel condition caused for example by contamination during storage or transfer. Potential causes of particulates formation during storage could be “fuel-degradation products,” as described in Specification D975, Appendix X3.
5.3 High levels of particles can cause filter blockages (especially when the particles are close in size to the filter porosity rating) and have a serious impact on the life of pumps, injectors, pistons, and other moving parts. Knowledge of particle size in relation to the metallurgy can provide vital information, especially if the hardness of particles is also known from other sources.
5.4 This test method specifies a minimum requirement for reporting measurements in particle size bands (A1.2.1). Some specific applications may require measurements in other particle size bands. The particle count from the test should be carefully interpreted by the user as it can potentially over-state risk of abrasive damage or filter blocking due to counting water droplets as well as hard dirt particles.
5.5 In situations where there is a requirement for the calibration of the apparatus to be solely in accordance with ISO 11171, Test Methods D7619, IP 565, or IP 577 may be used.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method uses specific particle contamination monitors (PCMs) to count and measure the size of dispersed dirt particles, water droplets and other particulates, in middle distillate fuel, in the overall range from 4 µm to 70 µm and in the size bands ≥4 µm, ≥6 µm, ≥14 µm, and ≥30 µm.
Note 1: The term particle contamination monitor, as used in this test method, is the same as that defined in ISO 21018-4; an instrument that automatically measures the concentrations of particles suspended in a fluid at certain sizes and cannot be calibrated in accordance with ISO 11171 whose output may be as a particle size distribution at limited sizes or as a contamination code.
1.2 This test method has interim repeatability precision only, see Section 14 for more information.
Note 2: ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this test method include Specifications: D975, D1655, D3699, D7467, MIL-DTL-83133, MIL-DTL-5624, and distillate grades of D396 and D2880.
Note 3: For the purposes of this test method, water droplets are counted as particles, and agglomerated particles are detected and counted as a single larger particle. Dirt includes microbial particulates. Although the projected area of a particle is measured, this is expressed as the diameter of a circle for the purposes of this test method. The detector is unable to distinguish between dirt and water particles.
Note 4: This test method may be used for particle sizes bands up to 70 µm, however the interim repeatability has only been determined for the size bands ≥4 µm, ≥6 µm, and ≥14 µm. All measurements are counts per millilitre.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principl...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8166 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Sizing and Counting Particulates in Middle Distillate Fuels
and Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20) Using Continuous Flow and
1
Bottle Sampler Particle Contamination Monitors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8166; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This test method uses specific particle contamination
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
monitors (PCMs) to count and measure the size of dispersed
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
dirt particles, water droplets and other particulates, in middle
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
distillate fuel, in the overall range from 4 µm to 70 µm and in
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
the size bands ≥4 µm, ≥6 µm, ≥14 µm, and ≥30 µm.
NOTE 1—The term particle contamination monitor, as used in this test
2. Referenced Documents
method, is the same as that defined in ISO 21018-4; an instrument that
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
automaticallymeasurestheconcentrationsofparticlessuspendedinafluid
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
at certain sizes and cannot be calibrated in accordance with ISO 11171
whose output may be as a particle size distribution at limited sizes or as
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel
a contamination code.
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
1.2 This test method has interim repeatability precision D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
only, see Section 14 for more information. D3699 Specification for Kerosine
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
NOTE 2—ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this test
Petroleum Products
method include Specifications: D975, D1655, D3699, D7467, MIL-DTL-
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
83133, MIL-DTL-5624, and distillate grades of D396 and D2880.
NOTE 3—For the purposes of this test method, water droplets are
Fuels, and Lubricants
counted as particles, and agglomerated particles are detected and counted
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
as a single larger particle. Dirt includes microbial particulates. Although
Petroleum Products
the projected area of a particle is measured, this is expressed as the
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
diameter of a circle for the purposes of this test method. The detector is
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
unable to distinguish between dirt and water particles.
NOTE 4—This test method may be used for particle sizes bands up to D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
70 µm, however the interim repeatability has only been determined for the
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
size bands ≥4 µm, ≥6 µm, and ≥14 µm. All measurements are counts per
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
millilitre.
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products,
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend
standard.
(B6 to B20)
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the D7619 Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particles in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Light and Middle Distillate Fuels, by Automatic Particle
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Counter
3
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
2.2 U.S. Dept. of Defense Specifications:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
MIL-DTL-5624 Specification: Turbine Fuel, Aviation,
Grades JP-4 (NATO F-40 and JP-5 (NATO F-44)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
2
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2022. Published October 2022. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as D8166 – 21a. DOI: the A
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8166 − 21a D8166 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Sizing and Counting Particulates in Middle Distillate Fuels
and Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20) Using Continuous Flow and
Bottle Sampler Automatic Particle ConditionContamination
1
Monitors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8166; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method uses specific automatic particle conditioncontamination monitors (PCMs) to count and measure the size of
dispersed dirt particles, water droplets and other particulates, in middle distillate fuel, in the overall range from 4 μm to 70 μm and
in the size bands ≥4 μm, ≥6 μm, ≥14 μm, and ≥30 μm.
NOTE 1—The term particle contamination monitor, as used in this test method, is the same as that defined in ISO 21018-4; an instrument that automatically
measures the concentrations of particles suspended in a fluid at certain sizes and cannot be calibrated in accordance with ISO 11171 whose output may
be as a particle size distribution at limited sizes or as a contamination code.
1.2 This test method has interim repeatability precision only, see Section 14 for more information.
NOTE 2—ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this test method include Specifications: D975, D1655, D3699, D7467, MIL-DTL-83133,
MIL-DTL-5624, and distillate grades of D396 and D2880.
NOTE 3—For the purposes of this test method, water droplets are counted as particles, and agglomerated particles are detected and counted as a single
larger particle. Dirt includes microbial particulates. Although the projected area of a particle is measured, this is expressed as the diameter of a circle for
the purposes of this test method. The detector is unable to distinguish between dirt and water particles.
NOTE 4—This test method may be used for particle sizes bands up to 70 μm, however the interim repeatability has only been determined for the size bands
≥4 μm, ≥6 μm, and ≥14 μm. All measurements are counts per millilitre.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved March 1, 2021Oct. 1, 2022. Published March 2021October 2022. Originally approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as
D8166 – 21.D8166 – 21a. DOI: 10.1520/D8166-21A.10.1520/D8166-22.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D8166 − 22
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
D3699 Specification for Kerosine
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and
Lubricants
D7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20
...
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