iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D4138-07

(Test Method)

Standard Practices for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Protective Coating Systems by Destructive, Cross-Sectioning Means

Standard Practices for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Protective Coating Systems by Destructive, Cross-Sectioning Means

SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the measurement of dry film thickness of coating films by microscopic observation of precision angular cuts in the coating film. Use of these procedures may require repair of the coating film. This practice is intended to supplement the manufacturers' instructions for the manual operation of the gages and is not intended to replace them. It includes definitions of key terms, reference documents, the significance and use of the practice, and the advantages and limitations of the instruments.
1.2 Three procedures are provided for measuring dry film thickness of protective coating systems:
1.2.1 Procedure AUsing groove cutting instruments.
1.2.2 Procedure B using grinding instruments.
1.2.3 Procedure C Using drill bit instruments.
1.3 These procedures are not applicable for soft or ductile substrates that may deform under the test gage cutting tip. The substrate should be sufficiently rigid to prevent deformation of the coating during the cutting process. The surface may be flat or moderately curved. Pipes as small as 25 mm (1 in.) in diameter may be measured in the axial direction.
1.4 Individual coats in a multicoat system where there is a discernible visual difference between coats or the overall thickness of a coating system can be measured by these procedures.
1.5 The range of thickness measurement is typically 2 to 2000 microns (0.1 to 80 mils) and depends upon the cutting angle of the blade.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jan-2007
ICS
87.040 - Paints and varnishes
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.23 - Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4138-94(2001)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Protective Coating Systems by Destructive Means
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Replaced By
ASTM D4138-07a - Standard Practices for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Protective Coating Systems by Destructive, Cross-Sectioning Means
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7835/D7835M-19 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Solvent Resistance of an Organic Coating Using a Mechanical Rubbing Machine
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4752-20 - Standard Practice for Measuring MEK Resistance of Ethyl Silicate (Inorganic) Zinc-Rich Primers by Solvent Rub
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D6237-19 - Standard Guide for Painting Inspectors (Concrete and Masonry Substrates)
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D6132-13(2022) - Standard Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Applied Organic Coatings Using an Ultrasonic Coating Thickness Gage
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7893-13(2018) - Standard Guide for Corrosion Test Panel Preparation, Testing, and Rating of Coil-Coated Building Products
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D5702-18(2022) - Standard Practice for Field Sampling of Coating Films for Analysis for Heavy Metals
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D3794-22 - Standard Guide for Testing Coil Coatings
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D5064-16a(2021) - Standard Practice for Conducting a Patch Test to Assess Coating Compatibility
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D2134-19 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Hardness of Organic Coatings with a Sward-Type Hardness Rocker
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D6677-18(2022) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Adhesion by Knife
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D6943-15(2019) - Standard Practice for Immersion Testing of Industrial Protective Coatings and Linings
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D3276-21 - Standard Guide for Painting Inspectors (Metal Substrates)
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Referred By
ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007

Buy Standard

ASTM D4138-07 - Standard Practices for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Protective Coating Systems by Destructive, Cross-Sectioning MeansASTM D4138-07 - Standard Practices for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Protective Coating Systems by Destructive, Cross-Sectioning Means
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM D4138-07 - Standard Practices for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Protective Coating Systems by Destructive, Cross-Sectioning Means
English language
6 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4138–07
Standard Practices for
Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Protective Coating
1
Systems by Destructive, Cross-Sectioning Means
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4138; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This practice describes the measurement of dry film
thickness of coating films by microscopic observation of
2. Referenced Documents
precision angular cuts in the coating film. Use of these
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
procedures may require repair of the coating film.This practice
D 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
is intended to supplement the manufacturers’ instructions for
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
themanualoperationofthegagesandisnotintendedtoreplace
D 1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
them. It includes definitions of key terms, reference docu-
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
ments, the significance and use of the practice, and the
D 7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry
advantages and limitations of the instruments.
Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
1.2 Three procedures are provided for measuring dry film
Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-
thickness of protective coating systems:
ings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
1.2.1 Procedure A—Using groove cutting instruments.
1.2.2 Procedure B—Using grinding instruments.
3. Terminology
1.2.3 Procedure C—Using drill bit instruments.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 These procedures are not applicable for soft or ductile
3.1.1 accuracy, n—the measure of the magnitude of error
substrates that may deform under the test gage cutting tip. The
between the result of a measurement and the true thickness of
substrate should be sufficiently rigid to prevent deformation of
the item being measured.
the coating during the cutting process. The surface may be flat
3.1.2 dry film thickness, n—the thickness of a coating (or
or moderately curved. Pipes as small as 25 mm (1 in.) in
coating layers) as measured from the surface of the substrate.
diameter may be measured in the axial direction.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—If the surface is roughened, the dry
1.4 Individual coats in a multicoat system where there is a
film thickness is considered the thickness of the coating or
discernible visual difference between coats or the overall
coating layers above the peaks of a surface profile.
thickness of a coating system can be measured by these
3.1.3 micrometre (micron), n—one one-thousandths of a
procedures.
millimetre (0.001 mm); 25.4 microns = 1 mil.
1.5 The range of thickness measurement is typically 2 to
3.1.4 mil, n—an imperial unit of measure; one one-
2000 microns (0.1 to 80 mils) and depends upon the cutting
thousandths of an inch (0.001 in.); 1 mil = 25.4 microns.
angle of the blade.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4. Summary of Practice
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4.1 The three procedures are based on measurement of dry
only.
film thickness by observation of angular cuts in the coating
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
through a microscope having a built-in reticle with a scale.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Each procedure employs different instruments to make the cut
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
in the coating.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
2
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2007. Published March 2007. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
e1
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 4138 – 94 (2001) . the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4138–07
4.2 Procedure A—Uses a carbide tipped wedge to cut a 5.3 Procedure B is similar to Procedure A except the cut is
grooveinthecoating.Thegrooveiscutatapreciseangletothe made with a rotary disk. This technique eliminates the defo
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D7190-10(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice to Evaluate Leaching of Water-Soluble Materials from Latex Paint Films

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Surfactant staining is a common problem with exterior house paints, particularly when subjected to humid environments (such as morning dew) shortly after application.  
4.2 Interior paints used in humid areas such as kitchens and bathrooms may also experience surfactant staining.  
4.3 Leaching of water-soluble materials may be dependent on colorant dispersions that are mixed into tint base paints. Other paint components may also affect the leaching of water-soluble materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the ability of a latex paint film to resist staining caused by the leaching of water-soluble materials when contacted with water shortly after application.  
1.2 Water staining is attributed to the leaching of surfactants or other water-soluble materials from a paint film.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4287-00(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/Plate Viscometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The viscosity value obtained by this test method gives information about the flow properties of the material under high-shear conditions similar to those encountered during application: brushing (see Test Method D4958), spraying, electrostatic disk, or roll coating.  
4.2 This test method is suitable for all paints and varnishes whether they are Newtonian in behavior or not. However, due to the narrow gap between the stationary and rotary parts of high-shear viscometers, this test method is more reproducible for paints having finer pigment dispersions as determined by Test Method D1210.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscosity of paints, varnishes, and related products at a rate of shear of 12 000 s−1.  
1.2 Paints and varnishes that dry very rapidly may not give reproducible results with this test method. Measurements made at elevated temperatures may also give poor precision due to loss of volatiles and to drying.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4214-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedures provide a broad range of techniques and photographic references to evaluate chalking of exterior paints.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of the degree of chalking on white or tinted exterior paint films. These test methods describe the procedures recommended for transferring the chalk to a fabric or fingertip, which is then compared to photographic reference standards, or in the case of adhesive tapes, compared to a reflectance table or photographic reference standards, to determine the degree of chalking.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4147-18(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Applying Coil Coatings Using Wire-Wound Drawdown Bars

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice is useful in the laboratory to simulate roll-coated films.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for applying a coil coating film of uniform thickness on a flat metal panel using wire-wound drawdown bars.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D16-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications

SCOPE
1.1 This standard consists of technical terms used in standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 (on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications), and of definitions suitable for use in these standards.
Note 1: When any definition in this standards is quoted or published out of the context of this standard, editorially insert the following delimiting statement “for paints and related coatings, materials, and applications” after the dash following the term (in the absence of an existing delimiting statement). This will limit the filed of application of the term and definition to that approved by this committee.  
1.2 In this terminology standard, definitions used in other ASTM standards are indicated by following the definition with the designation of that standard. In some cases, a relevant D01 subcommittee is also listed. Definitions influenced by those used by other organizations are indicated by the acronym of the organization. Primary terms are given in bold, while narrower and unapproved terms are given in italics.  
1.3 There are several specialized terminology standards under the jurisdiction of Committee D01, as follows: D804, D1695, D6440, D6488, and D7188. Few definitions from those standards are included in Terminology D16. Therefore, in searches for definitions of paints and coatings terms, these standards should be included where appropriate.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D3732-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Reporting Cure Times of Ultraviolet-Cured Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a guide whereby all pertinent variables relating to the ultraviolet cure of a coating are described.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice applies to all coatings cured by ultraviolet energy.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D1644-01(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of Varnishes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 These test methods are applicable to varnish and are useful to producers and users in determining nonvolatile content and are sometimes an appropriate measure of the film-forming matter in varnish.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods determine the fraction of a varnish that is nonvolatile at the temperature of the test while volatile solvents are driven off. It is sometimes an approximate measure of the film-forming matter in a varnish.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific statement, see Section 3.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6486-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Short Term Vehicle Service Exposure of Automotive Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Since the exposure of automotive coatings to the various mechanical and chemical stresses encountered in actual operations, is very opportunistic, obtaining statistically significant data from which valid conclusions can be drawn, requires rigorous attention to the experimental designs and conditions of exposure.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the protocol for vehicle service exposure testing of automotive coatings. Such exposure testing is valuable for the verification of the performance of automotive coatings and correlation with laboratory test data. Vehicle service exposure is intended to provide short term (2 to 20 weeks) exposure to the stress factors associated with vehicle operation. Factors included are scratch, mar, impact, stone chipping, insect impact, bird dropping, tree sap and staining, environmental fallout, etc.
Note 1: Vehicle service exposure is not intended to provide the conditions that are needed for characterizing the long term effects of weathering or corrosion exposure.  
1.2 The exposure conditions are produced by the placement of multiple test panels of automotive finishes on automotive test fleets that traverse a defined road course. Exposure to the operating environment can be 20 h/day, 7 days/week allowing for accumulation of over 100 000 miles in 10 weeks of exposure.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D2805-11(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflectometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This is a precise instrumental method giving results having an absolute physical significance without reference to a comparison paint. It should be used when maximum precision and minimum subjectivity are required, as in testing specification coatings or evaluating the hiding efficiency of pigments.  
5.2 Hiding power Test Method D344 is visual instead of instrumental, and gives results that are relative to a material standard instead of absolute. It is less precise than Test Method D2805 but more closely aligned with practical painting procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination, without reference to a material paint standard, of the hiding power of air dry coatings with Y tristimulus values greater than 15 %. With appropriate modification, it can also be used to test baking finishes.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6762-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Hiding Power of Paint by Visual Evaluation of Spray Applied Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method determines hiding power of a test paint by visual evaluation of a spray applied coating.
Note 1: Test Method D2805 describes an instrumental method for determining hiding power. The paint film is applied at a uniform thickness (for example with a doctor blade), the film thickness is measured rigorously, and the opacity is determined photometrically. Hiding power is thereby determined with a high degree of precision.  
5.2 Test Method D6762 is less precise than Test Method D2805, but is commonly used since it is more closely related to the application characteristics of the paint and is simpler in concept and evaluation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides for the quantitative visual determination of the film thickness required to achieve full hiding. This film thickness is considered to be the hiding power of a test paint.  
1.2 This method applies only to spray applied coatings but its concepts are valid for other methods of application as well.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off