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ASTM C159-98

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Filter Blocks

Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Filter Blocks

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the criteria for acceptance, prior to installation, of vitrified clay filter block used in trickling filters for the treatment of sewage and industrial wastes.  
1.2 In developing the metric conversions used in the standards under the jurisdiction of C-4, recognition has been made of the variable nature of clays so that neither "soft" nor "hard" conversions, as they are defined in Practice E380, have been made. For example, the inch is considered to be 25 mm instead of 25.4 mm.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions shown in Annexes A1 through A3. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Mar-1998
ICS
81.080 - Refractories
Technical Committee
C04 - Vitrified Clay Pipe
Drafting Committee
C04.20 - Methods of Test and Specifications
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM C159-06 - Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Filter Blocks
Effective Date
01-May-2006

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ASTM C159-98 - Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Filter BlocksASTM C159-98 - Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Filter Blocks
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ASTM C159-98 - Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Filter Blocks
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C 159 – 98
Standard Specification for
Vitrified Clay Filter Blocks
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 159; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope arrangedtoformdrainageandaerationgrillesthatpassairinto,
and liquids from, overlying filtering media. The drainage
1.1 This specification establishes the criteria for acceptance,
channels of the filter block provide for the conveyance of the
prior to installation, of vitrified clay filter block used in
filtered liquid away from the filter bed.
trickling filters for the treatment of sewage and industrial
3.2.2.1 Type I-S and Type I-H filter block—one-piece units
wastes.
suitable for constructing a single-course trickling filter floor.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.2.3 lot—unless otherwise specified, a lot shall consist of
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
all filter block of each type of the contract or purchase order.
information only.
3.2.4 walls—Exterior vertical sides of vitrified clay filter
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
block.
test method portions shown in Annex A1-Annex A3. This
3.2.5 webs—interior supports separating channels of vitri-
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
fied clay filter block.
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
4. Classification
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
4.1 Filter block are manufactured in the following types:
tions prior to use.
4.1.1 Type I-S, standard rate and
2. Referenced Documents 4.1.2 Type I-H, high rate.
4.2 The purchaser shall specify the type of filter block to be
2.1 ASTM Standards:
furnished.
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
C 896 Terminology Relating to Clay Products
5. Ordering Information
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
5.1 Orders for filter block under this specification shall
E 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
4 include the following information:
ing
5.1.1 Quantity,
3. Terminology 5.1.2 Type of filter block,
5.1.3 ASTM designation and date of issue,
3.1 The definitions for clay, fire clay, shale, and surface clay
5.1.4 Required tests or certification, and
are as defined in Terminology C 896.
5.1.5 Inspection location; factory or point of delivery.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 compressive strength—the pressure, measured in psi
6. Materials and Manufacture
(kPa) which causes failure of vitrified clay filter block, with the
6.1 Filterblockshallbeformedfromfireclay,shale,surface
load being applied to the block in the direction of use.
clay, or a combination of these materials.
3.2.2 filter block—rectangular, vitrified clay units with in-
6.2 Formed filter block shall be fired to a suitable tempera-
terior drainage channels, having apertures that connect to the
ture to yield a product that is strong, durable, and serviceable
drainage channels through the upper surface. The apertures are
and conforms to this specification.
7. Chemical Requirements
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-4 on
Vitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcomittee C04.20 on
7.1 Acid Resistance—Acid-soluble matter in filter block
Methods of Test and Specifications
shall not exceed 0.25 % by weight when tested as specified in
Current edition approved March 10, 1998. Published January 1999. Originally
this specification in any of the following acids: sulfuric
published as C 159 – 41 T. Last previous edition C 159 – 95.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05. (H SO ), hydrochloric (HCl), nitric (HNO ), or acetic
2 4 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
(CH COOH). The test shall be performed only when specified.
4 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 159
7.2 The purchaser shall designate the acid or acids to be 11. Sampling
used in this test.
11.1 Selection of Test Specimens—Full- or half-size filter
block shall be selected by the purchaser or his representative at
8. Physical Properties
points he designates when placing the order. Specimens shall
8.1 Compressive Strength—Compressivestrengthtestsshall
meet the dimensions, workmanship, finish, and appearance
be performed on full- or half-size block.The average compres-
requirements of this specification.
sive strength of filter block units shall be at least 450 psi (3100
11.2 Number of Specimens—The number of specimens to
kPa), and no individual unit shall have a compressive strength
be tested shall be at least five full-size or half-size filter block
lessthan400psi(2760kPa).Thecompressivestrengthshallbe
selected from each lot, except the acid resistance tests shall be
calculated on the gross area of the block.
tested on one specimen from each lot. Additional specimens
8.2 Absorption—The average absorption of five filter block,
may be tested at the discretion of the purchaser.
determined by 1-h submersion in boiling water, shall not
11.3 Identification—Each specimen shall be marked so that
exceed 6 % by weight.
it may be identified at any time. Filter block specimen
markings shall not cover more than 5 % of the superficial area
9. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
of the specimen.
9.1 Aperture—The smallest dimension of an aperture in
12. Retesting
Type I-S and I-H filter block shall not exceed 1 ⁄2 in. (38 mm),
and the total aperture area shall be at least 20 % of the top area.
12.1 If test specimens from a lot fail to meet compressive
9.2 Drainage Channels:
strength,absorption,oracidresistancerequirements,themanu-
9.2.1 The drainage channel cross-sectional area shall be
facturer or seller may sort the shipment into two lots. New
defined as the channel area lying below the lowest level of the
samples shall be selected by the purchaser from the lot to be
aperture. Minimum cross-sectional area of drainage channels
retained. If the set of test specimens from the retained lot fails
in filter block shall be as shown in the following table:
to meet these requirements, the retained lot shall also be
Drainage Channel Cross-Sectional Area
rejected.
2 2
Type Area, min, in. /ft (cm /m) of width
13. Test Methods
I-S 20 (425)
I-H 40 (850)
13.1 Physical and chemical tests shall be conducted in
accordance with the procedures described inAnnexA1-Annex
9.2.2 Drainage channels of filter block shall be curved or
A3.
narrowed at the bottom to maintain velocity in the channels at
low flow.
14. Inspection
9.2.3 The minimum depth of drainage channels in filter
block shall be 2 ⁄2 in. (64 mm), measured from the lowest level 14.1 Filter block shall be subject to inspection by the
of the aperture. purchaser or the purchaser’s representative. Inspection shall be
9.2.4 There shall be at least two parallel drainage channels made at the factory or promptly at the point and time of
per foot (0.3 m) of width of Type I-S and I-H filter block. delivery.Thepurposeofthisinspectionistodeterminewhether
9.3 Exterior Walls and Interior Webs—Thickness of exte- the filter block meet the dimension, workmanship, appearance,
rior walls in Type I-S and I-H filter block shall be at least ⁄16 and marking requirements of this specification.
in. (14 mm) and interior webs separating drainage channels 14.2 Filter block that do not meet the dimensions, work-
shall be at least ⁄2 in. (13 mm). manship, appearance, and marking specifications shall be
9.4 Permissible Variations in Dimensions: rejected and replaced by the manufacturer or seller with filter
9.4.1 Exterior dimensions of filter block shall be the dimen- blocks that meet the specifications.
sions stated by the manufacturer, 6 ⁄4 in./ft (20 mm/m). 14.3 If the purchaser desires compressive strength, absorp-
9.4.2 The lower bearing surface of filter block shall not vary tion, and acid resistance tests, the purchaser shall select filter
from a plane by more than ⁄16 in./ft (15 mm/m) of the greatest blockfortestinginaccordancewiththesamplingproceduresof
dimension of the block. this specification. Ten days shall be allowed after sampling for
completion of testing.
10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
14.4 The cost of initial inspection and testing shall be borne
by the purchaser. The cost of retesting because of failure of the
10.1 Filter block shall be substantially free of laminations.
filter block to pass the initial test shall be borne by the
10.2 Blistersshallnotexceed2in.(50mm)indiameter,and
manufacturer.
blisters or pimples shall not project more than ⁄8 in. (3 mm)
above the surface.
15. Certification
10.3 Chips shall not exceed 2 in. (50 mm) in length, 1 in.
(25 mm) in width, and a depth of ⁄16 in. (5 mm). 15.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, a
10.4 Open cracks shall be no longer than 1 ⁄2 in. (38 mm) manufacturer’s certification shall be furnished to the purchaser
and surface cracks no longer than 3 in. (75 mm). Open cracks stating that the material was manufactured, sampled, tested,
shall not extend through the upper surface from the end of the and inspected in accordance with this specification and has
filter block to an aperture opening, nor between aperture beenfoundtomeettherequirements.Areportofthetestresults
openings. shall be furnished when required.
C 159
16. Product Marking percentage, or acid resistance, (see Annexes) since conform-
ance to specific criteria is the only measure for success
16.1 Identification marks shall be indented legibly on the
specified in these test methods.
exterior of the filter block as follows:
16.1.1 Manufacturer’s name and
18. Keywords
16.1.2 Type of filter block.
18.1 clay blocks; drains; filters; filter drainage; media;
17. Precision and Bias
media supports; support; trickling filters; underdrains
17.1 No statements are made on the precision or bias of the
test methods for measuring compressive strength, absorption
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
Th
...

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SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for measuring size, dimensional measurement, bulk density, warpage, and squareness of rectangular dense refractory brick and rectangular insulating firebrick. More precise determination of bulk density of refractory brick can be made by Test Methods C20. Stack height is generally determined only for dense refractories.  
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4.3 The procedures and results may be applied to other refractory types or applications (that is, reheat furnace skid rail brick) in which glass exudation is considered to be important.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for causing the exudation of a glassy phase to the surface of fusion-cast specimens by subjecting them to temperatures corresponding to glass furnace operating temperatures.  
1.2 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the exudate as the percent of volume increase of the specimen after cooling.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The balance required for this test method uses only SI units (Section 7).  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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