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ASTM C159-06

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Filter Blocks

Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Filter Blocks

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the criteria for acceptance, prior to installation, of vitrified clay filter block used in trickling filters for the treatment of sewage and industrial wastes. Filter block shall be formed from fire clay, shale, surface clay, or a combination of these materials. Chemical properties such as acid resistance; and physical properties such as compressive strength, and absorption; are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the criteria for acceptance, prior to installation, of vitrified clay filter block used in trickling filters for the treatment of sewage and industrial wastes.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions shown in Annex A1-Annex A3.  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2006
ICS
81.080 - Refractories
Technical Committee
C04 - Vitrified Clay Pipe
Drafting Committee
C04.20 - Methods of Test and Specifications
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C159-98 - Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Filter Blocks
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Replaced By
ASTM C159-06(2011) - Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Filter Blocks
Effective Date
01-Jan-2011

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ASTM C159-06 - Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Filter BlocksASTM C159-06 - Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Filter Blocks
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ASTM C159-06 - Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Filter Blocks
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C159 – 06
Standard Specification for
1
Vitrified Clay Filter Blocks
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C159; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope and liquids from, overlying filtering media. The drainage
channels of the filter block provide for the conveyance of the
1.1 This specification establishes the criteria for acceptance,
filtered liquid away from the filter bed.
prior to installation, of vitrified clay filter block used in
3.2.2.1 Type I-S and Type I-H filter block—one-piece units
trickling filters for the treatment of sewage and industrial
suitable for constructing a single-course trickling filter floor.
wastes.
3.2.3 lot—unless otherwise specified, a lot shall consist of
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
all filter block of each type of the contract or purchase order.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
3.2.4 walls—Exterior vertical sides of vitrified clay filter
information only.
block.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
3.2.5 webs—interior supports separating channels of vitri-
test method portions shown in Annex A1-Annex A3. This
fied clay filter block.
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
4. Classification
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
4.1 Filter block are manufactured in the following types:
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
4.1.1 Type I-S, standard rate and
tions prior to use.
4.1.2 Type I-H, high rate.
2. Referenced Documents 4.2 The purchaser shall specify the type of filter block to be
2
furnished.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
5. Ordering Information
C896 Terminology Relating to Clay Products
5.1 Orders for filter block under this specification shall
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
include the following information:
3. Terminology 5.1.1 Quantity,
5.1.2 Type of filter block,
3.1 The definitions for clay, fire clay, shale, and surface clay
5.1.3 ASTM designation and date of issue,
are as defined in Terminology C896.
5.1.4 Required tests or certification, and
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5.1.5 Inspection location; factory or point of delivery.
3.2.1 compressive strength—the pressure, measured in psi
(kPa)whichcausesfailureofvitrifiedclayfilterblock,withthe
6. Materials and Manufacture
load being applied to the block in the direction of use.
6.1 Filterblockshallbeformedfromfireclay,shale,surface
3.2.2 filter block—rectangular, vitrified clay units with in-
clay, or a combination of these materials.
terior drainage channels, having apertures that connect to the
6.2 Formed filter block shall be fired to a suitable tempera-
drainage channels through the upper surface. The apertures are
ture to yield a product that is strong, durable, and serviceable
arrangedtoformdrainageandaerationgrillesthatpassairinto,
and conforms to this specification.
1
7. Chemical Requirements Chemical Requirements
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on
Vitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcomittee C04.20 on
7.1 Acid Resistance—Acid-soluble matter in filter block
Methods of Test and Specifications
shall not exceed 0.25 % by weight when tested as specified in
Current edition approved May 1, 2006. Published May 2006. Originally
approved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as C159 – 98. DOI: this specification in any of the following acids: sulfuric
10.1520/C0159-06.
(H SO ), hydrochloric (HCl), nitric (HNO ), or acetic
2 4 3
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
(CH COOH).The test shall be performed only when specified.
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C159 – 06
7.2 The purchaser shall designate the acid or acids to be 11. Sampling
used in this test.
11.1 Selection of Test Specimens—Full- or half-size filter
block shall be selected by the purchaser or his representative at
8. Physical Properties
points he designates when placing the order. Specimens shall
8.1 Compressive Strength—Compressivestrengthtestsshall
meet the d
...

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ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the criteria for acceptance, prior to installation, of vitrified clay filter block used in trickling filters for the treatment of sewage and industrial wastes. Filter block shall be formed from fire clay, shale, surface clay, or a combination of these materials. Chemical properties such as acid resistance; and physical properties such as compressive strength, and absorption; are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the criteria for acceptance, prior to installation, of vitrified clay filter block used in trickling filters for the treatment of sewage and industrial wastes.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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3.1 The hydration of dead-burned dolomite grains is an important aspect of both manufacturing and using such grains. Moisture from any source will cause the grains to partially disintegrate, eventually making the dead-burned dolomite unfit for use. This test method may prove useful for determining, in a relative manner, which grains are more resistant to hydration than others.  
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3.2 These test methods are primary standard methods that are suitable for use in quality control, research and development, establishing criteria for and evaluating compliance with specifications, and providing data for design purposes.  
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1.2.1 Exception—In 7.3, the equivalent SI unit is expressed in parentheses.  
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers structural clay loading-bearing wall tiles of the following grades: Grade LBX, suitable for general use in masonry construction and adapted for use in masonry exposed to weathering; and Grade LB, suitable for general use in masonry where not exposed to frost action, or for use in exposed masonry where protected with a facing of stone, brick, terra cotta, or other masonry. Tile covered by this specification are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing), which must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements. Tiles shall adhere to water absorption, compressive strength, and dimensional (nominal thickness and mass) requirements specified for individual grades.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers structural clay loadbearing wall tile.  
1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of tile extracted from masonry structures for determining conformance or non-conformance to the property requirements (Section 5) of this standard is beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 Tile covered by this specification are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired bond in Terminology C1232.)  
1.4 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C67/C67M-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and testing of brick and structural clay tile. The tests include modulus of rupture, compressive strength, absorption, saturation coefficient, effect of freezing and thawing, efflorescence, initial rate or absorption, and determination of weight, size, warpage, length chanange, and void areas. For purposes of these tests, full-size bricks, tiles, or solid masonry units shall be used as test specimens. They shall be representative of the lot of units from which they are to be selected in respect of the range of colors, textures, and sizes and shall be free of or brushed to remove dirt, mud, mortar, or other foreign materials unassociated with the manufacturing process.
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1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and testing of brick and structural clay tile. Although not necessarily applicable to all types of units, tests include modulus of rupture, compressive strength, absorption, saturation coefficient, effect of freezing and thawing, efflorescence, initial rate of absorption and determination of weight, size, warpage, length change, and void area. (Additional methods of test pertinent to ceramic glazes include imperviousness, chemical resistance, opacity, and resistance to crazing.  
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
Note 1: The testing laboratory performing this test method should be evaluated in accordance with Practice C1093.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 These test methods include the following sections:    
Section Heading  
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Sampling  
4  
Specimen Preparation  
5  
Modulus of Rupture (Flexure Test)  
6  
Compressive Strength  
7  
Absorption  
8  
Freezing and Thawing  
9  
Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction) (Laboratory Test)  
10  
Efflorescence  
11  
Weight Per Unit Area  
12  
Measurement of Size  
13  
Measurement of Warpage  
14  
Measurement of Length Change  
15  
Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction) (Field Test)  
16  
Measurement of Void Area in Cored Units  
17  
Measurement of Void Area in Deep Frogged Units  
18  
Measurement of Out of Square  
19  
Measurement of Shell and Web Thickness  
20  
Breaking Load  
21  
Imperviousness Test (of Ceramin Glazes)  
22  
Chemical Resistance Test (of Ceramic Glazes)  
23  
Autoclaved Crazing Test (of Ceramic Glazes)  
24  
Opacity Test (of Ceramic Glazes)  
25  
Precision and Bias  
26  
Keywords  
27  
Safety Precautions for Autoclave Equipment and Operation  
Appendix X1  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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