ASTM D972-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases and Oils
Standard Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases and Oils
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The loss of volatile materials from greases and oils can adversely effect the original performance characteristics of a lubricant and therefore could be a significant factor in evaluating a lubricant for a specific use. Such volatiles can also be considered contaminants in the environment in which the lubricant is to be used. Correlation between results from this test method and service performance has not been established.
5.2 The test can be run at any agreed upon temperature between 100 °C and 150 °C (210 °F to 300 °F).
Note 1: The specified flow of air, 2.58 g/min ± 0.02 g/min, (2 L/min at standard temperature and pressure), assumes dry air. It is not known that the original work involved dry air but it has since been shown that this can be a factor in reproducibility and should be addressed. A dew point of less than 10 °C at standard temperature and pressure will be satisfactory.
Note 2: To determine evaporation loss at temperatures above 150 °C (300 °F), see Test Methods D2595.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the loss in mass by evaporation of lubricating greases and oils for applications where evaporation loss is a factor. Evaporation loss data can be obtained at any temperature in the range from 100 °C to 150 °C (210 °F to 300 °F).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D972 − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases and Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D972; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the loss in
3. Terminology
mass by evaporation of lubricating greases and oils for
3.1 Definitions:
applications where evaporation loss is a factor. Evaporation
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
loss data can be obtained at any temperature in the range from
to Terminology D4175.
100 °C to 150 °C (210 °F to 300 °F).
3.1.2 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
standard.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The dispersion of the thickener forms a
1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for
two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by
information only.
surface tension and other physical forces. Other ingredients are
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
commonly included to impart special properties.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 thickener, n—in lubricating grease, a substance com-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
posed of finely divided particles dispersed in a liquid to form
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
the product’s structure.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Thickeners can be fibers (such as vari-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
ous metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
non-soapthickeners),whichareinsolubleor,atmost,onlyvery
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general require-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ments are that the solid particles are extremely small, uni-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
formly dispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
gel-like structure with the liquid lubricant.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Test Method
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 The weighed sample of lubricant in an evaporation cell
A240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-
is placed in a bath maintained at the desired test temperature.
Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure
Heated air is passed over its surface for 22 h. The evaporation
Vessels and for General Applications
loss is calculated from the loss in mass of the sample.
D2595 Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating
Greases Over Wide-Temperature Range 5. Significance and Use
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
5.1 The loss of volatile materials from greases and oils can
Fuels, and Lubricants
adversely effect the original performance characteristics of a
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
lubricant and therefore could be a significant factor in evalu-
ating a lubricant for a specific use. Such volatiles can also be
considered contaminants in the environment in which the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
lubricant is to be used. Correlation between results from this
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.G0.03 on Physical Tests.
test method and service performance has not been established.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally
5.2 The test can be run at any agreed upon temperature
approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D972 – 16. DOI:
10.1520/D0972-22.
between 100 °C and 150 °C (210 °F to 300 °F).
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
NOTE 1—The specified flow of air, 2.58 g ⁄min 6 0.02 g ⁄min, (2 L ⁄min
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on atstandardtemperatureandpressure),assumesdryair.Itisnotknownthat
the ASTM website. the original work involved dry air but it has since be
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D972 − 16 D972 − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases and Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D972; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the loss in mass by evaporation of lubricating greases and oils for applications
where evaporation loss is a factor. Evaporation loss data can be obtained at any temperature in the range from 100 °C to 150 °C
(210 °F to 300 °F).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and
for General Applications
D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease
D2595 Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases Over Wide-Temperature Range
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D4175.
3.1.2 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.G0.03 on Physical Tests.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016Dec. 1, 2022. Published May 2016December 2022. Originally approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 20082016 as
D972 – 02 (2008).D972 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/D0972-16.10.1520/D0972-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D972 − 22
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
The dispersion of the thickener forms a two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by surface tension and other
physical forces. Other ingredients are commonly D217included to impart special properties.
3.1.3 thickener, n—in lubricating grease, a substance composed of finely divided particles dispersed in a liquid to form the
product’s structure.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
Thickeners can be fibers (such as various metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain non-soap thickeners), which are
insoluble or, at most, only very slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general requirements are that the solid particles are
extremely small, uniformly dispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable, gel-like structure with the D217liquid lubricant.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The weighed sample of lubricant in an evaporation cell is placed in a bath maintained at the desired test temperature. Heated
air is passed over its surface for 22 h. The evaporation loss is calculated from the loss in mass of the sample.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The loss of volatile materials from greases and oils can adversely effect the original performance characteristics of a lubricant
and therefore could be a significant factor in evaluating a lubricant for
...
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