ASTM D2098-04(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Dynamic Water Resistance of Shoe Upper Leather by the Dow Corning Leather Tester
Standard Test Method for Dynamic Water Resistance of Shoe Upper Leather by the Dow Corning Leather Tester
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended to estimate the water resistance of shoe upper leather. The flex imparted to the leather is a magnification of the flex given the vamp of the shoe in actual wear.
Note 1—There is an indication that this test method cannot be used interchangeably for specification purposes with Test Method D 2099.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dynamic water resistance of shoe upper leather by means of the Dow Corning Tester. It has been revised to show the state of the art in the equipment used in testing. It is applicable to all types of shoe upper leather. This test method does not apply to wet blue.
1.2 Initial water penetration and water absorption can be measured.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D2098 − 04(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Dynamic Water Resistance of Shoe Upper Leather by the
Dow Corning Leather Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2098; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4.2 Dow Corning Leather Tester, as shown in Fig. 1,orits
equivalent. The essential features of the machine are as
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dy-
follows:
namic water resistance of shoe upper leather by means of the
4.2.1 Aspecimen holder made of two vertical clamps. Each
DowCorningTester.Ithasbeenrevisedtoshowthestateofthe
clamp shall have two stainless steel arms (7.5 by 0.5 by 0.5 in.
art in the equipment used in testing. It is applicable to all types
(190.5 by 12.7 by 12.7 mm)), one arm fixed, the other
of shoe upper leather. This test method does not apply to wet
moveable. One clamp shall be mounted on a horizontal
blue.
reciprocating shaft, that is, attached by a connecting link to a
1.2 Initial water penetration and water absorption can be
motor driven eccentric, which turns at 60 r/min. The bottom of
measured.
the clamps shall be in the same horizontal plane. In one
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
rotation of the eccentric, the minimum distance between
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the clamps shall be 1.50 6 0.01 in. (38.16 0.25 mm) (inside
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
measurement)andthemaximumdistancebetweenclamps2.50
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 6 0.01 in. (63.5 6 0.25 mm) (inside measurement).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2.2 Water Tank made of stainless steel or other noncorro-
sive material. It shall be of such a size that it can be placed
2. Referenced Documents
around the clamps, and of such a depth that when in position
for use, the top of the pan is at least 2.5 in. (63.5 mm) above
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the bottom of the clamps, and the bottom of the pan is at least
D2099 Test Method for Dynamic Water Resistance of Shoe
0.5 in. (12.7 mm) below the bottom of the clamps.
Upper Leather by the Maeser Water Penetration Tester
4.2.3 Two systems shall be used to record the number of
3. Significance and Use cycles through which the specimen is flexed. One shall be a
mechanical reset counter connected to the movable clamp.The
3.1 This test method is intended to estimate the water
other system shall be electrical (see Fig. 2). The resistance
resistance of shoe upper leather. The flex imparted to the
across the electrodes shall be 7500 6 500 ohms. The sensing
leatherisamagnificationoftheflexgiventhevampoftheshoe
electrode shown is inside a leather specimen filled with
in actual wear.
stainless-steel balls. The common electrode is in a salt solution
NOTE 1—There is an indication that this test method cannot be used
which is in continuous contact with the specimen during
interchangeably for specification purposes with Test Method D2099.
flexing. Switch S when manually closed starts an electrical
impulse counter actuated by a micro switch, EC, which makes
4. Apparatus
contact once on each flex. This records the total number of
4.1 Balance, sensitive to 0.01 g.
flexes until initial water penetration. Initial water penetration is
detected by a current leakage from the high electrode through
the specimen to the common electrode in the conducting
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather
solution. This causes the induction relay to operate, stopping
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.03 on Footwear. This test
method was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally
approved in 1962 as D2098–62T. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
D2098–04. DOI: 10.1520/D2098-04R08. is Koehler Instrument Co., 1595 Sycamore Ave., Bohemia, NY 11716. Telephone:
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or (800) 878-9070. Fax: (516) 589-3815. If you are aware of alternative suppliers,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM pleaseprovidethisinformationtoASTMHeadquarters.Yourcommentswillreceive
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which
the ASTM website. you may attend.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2098 − 04 (2008)
FIG. 1 Dow Corning Leather Tester
FIG. 2 Electrical Diagram for Dow Corning Leather Tester
the counter. (Warning—It is essential that the electrical circuit electrode. Specimen should be put in position or removed only
be converted to 110 volts, not to exceed 28 volts across the when the electrode circuit is not energized.)
D2098 − 04 (2008)
5. Reagents and Materials 8.1.6 Position the second gasket, folded as before, in the
specimen, so that it lies between the jaws of the front clamp.
5.1 Magnetic Balls, stainless steel, diameter ⁄8 in. (3 mm
Grasp the clamp with the left hand and tighten the wing nut
optional) 400 series. The steel balls must be clean and free of
with the right hand.
grease,oil,silicone,orrustandhavearesistancelessthan7500
8.1.7 Move the drive-link assembly forward and with the
ohms before using.
forefinger form a horizontal fold perpendicular to the path of
5.1.1 To clean, immerse stainless steel balls in mild acid,
the flex. Place the pin on the under side of drive-link handle in
5 % Nitric. Rinse i
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2098–00 Designation:D2098–04 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Dynamic Water Resistance of Shoe Upper Leather by the
Dow Corning Leather Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2098; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dynamic water resistance of shoe upper leather by means of the Dow
Corning Tester. It has been revised to show the state of the art in the equipment used in testing. It is applicable to all types of shoe
upper leather. This test method does not apply to wet blue.
1.2 Initial water penetration and water absorption can be measured.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 2099 Test Method for Dynamic Water Resistance of Shoe Upper Leather by the Maeser Water Penetration Tester
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is intended to estimate the water resistance of shoe upper leather. The flex imparted to the leather is a
magnification of the flex given the vamp of the shoe in actual wear.
NOTE 1—There is an indication that this test method cannot be used interchangeably for specification purposes with Test Method D 2099.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Balance, sensitive to 0.01 g.
4.2 Dow Corning Leather Tester , as shown in Fig. 1, or its equivalent. The essential features of the machine are as follows:
4.2.1 A specimen holder made of two vertical clamps. Each clamp shall have two stainless steel arms (7.5 by 0.5 by 0.5 in.
(190.5 by 12.7 by 12.7 mm)), one arm fixed, the other moveable. One clamp shall be mounted on a horizontal reciprocating shaft,
that is, attached by a connecting link to a motor driven eccentric, which turns at 60 r/min. The bottom of the clamps shall be in
the same horizontal plane. In one rotation of the eccentric, the minimum distance between clamps shall be 1.50 6 0.01 in. (38.16
0.25 mm) (inside measurement) and the maximum distance between clamps 2.50 6 0.01 in. (63.5 6 0.25 mm) (inside
measurement).
4.2.2 Water Tank made of stainless steel or other noncorrosive material. It shall be of such a size that it can be placed around
the clamps, and of such a depth that when in position for use, the top of the pan is at least 2.5 in. (63.5 mm) above the bottom
of the clamps, and the bottom of the pan is at least 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) below the bottom of the clamps.
4.2.3 Twosystemsshallbeusedtorecordthenumberofcyclesthroughwhichthespecimenisflexed.Oneshallbeamechanical
resetcounterconnectedtothemovableclamp.Theothersystemshallbeelectrical(seeFig.2).Theresistanceacrosstheelectrodes
shall be 7500 6 500 ohms. The sensing electrode shown is inside a leather specimen filled with stainless-steel balls. The common
electrode is in a salt solution which is in continuous contact with the specimen during flexing. Switch S when manually closed
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.03 on Footwear. This test method
was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn.
{1
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2000. Published October 2000. Originally published as D2098–62T. Last previous edition D2098–91(1997) .
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally approved in 1962 as D 2098–62T. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 2098–04.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
, Vol 15.04.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Koehler Instrument Co., 1595 SycamoreAve., Bohemia, NY 11716. Telephone: (800)
878-9070. Fax: (516) 589-3815. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful
consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D2098–04 (2008)
FIG. 1 Dow Corning Leather Tester
FIG. 2 Electrical Diagram for Dow Corning Leather Tester
starts an electrical impulse counter actuated by a micro switch, EC, which makes contact once on each flex. This records the total
number of flexes until initial water penetration. Initial water penetration is detected by a current leakage from the high electrode
through the specimen to the common electrode in the conducting solution. This causes the induction relay to operate, stopping the
counter. (Warning—It is essential that the electrical circuit be converted to 110 volts, not to exceed 28 volts across the electrode.
Specimen should be put in position or removed only when the electrode circuit is not energized.)
D2098–04 (2008)
5. Reagents and Materials
5.1 Magnetic Balls, stainless steel, diameter ⁄8 in. (3 mm optional) 400 series. The steel balls must be clean and free of grease,
oil, silicone, or rust and have a resistance less than 7500 ohms before using.
5.1.1 To clean, immerse stainless steel balls in mild acid, 5 % Nitric. Rinse in running tap water for 3 to 5 min and allow to
air dry.
5.2 Rubber Gaskets or Adhesives for sealing the specimen.
5.3 Magnet, to facilitate removal
...
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