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ASTM D7766/D7766M-11

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Damage Resistance Testing of Sandwich Constructions

Standard Practice for Damage Resistance Testing of Sandwich Constructions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides supplemental instructions that allow Test Methods D6264/D6264M (for quasi-static indentation testing) and D7136/D7136M (for drop-weight impact testing) to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions. Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made using sandwich constructions. Knowledge of the damage resistance properties of a sandwich panel is useful for product development and material selection.
Sandwich damage resistance testing can serve the following purposes:
To establish quantitatively the effects of facing geometry, facing stacking sequence, facing-to-core interface, core geometry (cell size, cell wall thickness, core thickness, etc.), core density, core strength, processing and environmental variables on the damage resistance of a particular sandwich panel to a concentrated quasi-static indentation force, drop-weight impact force, or impact energy.
To compare quantitatively the relative values of the damage resistance parameters for sandwich constructions with different facing, core or adhesive materials. The damage response parameters can include dent depth, damage dimensions and location(s), indentation or impact force magnitudes, impact energy magnitudes, as well as the force versus time curve.
To impart damage in a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance tests.
Quasi-static indentation tests can also be used to identify a specific sequence of damage events (only the final damage state is identifiable after a drop-weight impact test).
The properties obtained using these practices can provide guidance in regard to the anticipated damage resistance capability of sandwich structures with similar materials, geometry, stacking sequence, and so forth. However, it must be understood that the damage resistance of a sandwich structure is highly dependent upon several factors including geometry, thickness, stiffness, mass, support co...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides instructions for modifying laminate quasi-static indentation and drop-weight impact test methods to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb, truss cores and fiber-reinforced cores).
1.2 This practice supplements Test Methods D6264/D6264M (for quasi-static indentation testing) and D7136/D7136M (for drop-weight impact testing) with provisions for testing sandwich specimens. Several important test specimen parameters (for example, facing thickness, core thickness and core density) are not mandated by this practice; however, repeatable results require that these parameters be specified and reported.
1.3 Three test procedures are provided. Procedures A and B correspond to D6264/D6264M test procedures for rigidlybacked and edge-supported test conditions, respectively. Procedure C corresponds to D7136/D7136M test procedures. All three procedures are suitable for imparting damage to a sandwich specimen in preparation for subsequent damage tolerance testing.
1.4 In general, Procedure A is considered to be the most suitable procedure for comparative damage resistance assessments, due to reduced influence of flexural stiffness and support fixture characteristics upon damage formation. However, the selection of a test procedure and associated support conditions should be done in consideration of the intended structural application, and as such Procedures B and C may be more appropriate for comparative purposes for some applications.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems ...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Nov-2011
ICS
83.120 - Reinforced plastics
Technical Committee
D30 - Composite Materials
Drafting Committee
D30.09 - Sandwich Construction
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Referred By
ASTM D8287/D8287M-22 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Sandwich Composite Panels
Effective Date
15-Nov-2011
Referred By
ASTM D6264/D6264M-23 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite to a Concentrated Quasi-Static Indentation Force
Effective Date
15-Nov-2011
Referred By
ASTM D4762-18 - Standard Guide for Testing Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Effective Date
15-Nov-2011
Referred By
ASTM D8388/D8388M-22 - Standard Practice for Flexural Residual Strength Testing of Damaged Sandwich Constructions
Effective Date
15-Nov-2011
Referred By
ASTM D7136/D7136M-20 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite to a Drop-Weight Impact Event
Effective Date
15-Nov-2011

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ASTM D7766/D7766M-11 - Standard Practice for Damage Resistance Testing of Sandwich ConstructionsASTM D7766/D7766M-11 - Standard Practice for Damage Resistance Testing of Sandwich Constructions
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ASTM D7766/D7766M-11 - Standard Practice for Damage Resistance Testing of Sandwich Constructions
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7766/D7766M − 11
StandardPractice for
1
Damage Resistance Testing of Sandwich Constructions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7766/D7766M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope must be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
1.1 This practice provides instructions for modifying lami-
standard.
nate quasi-static indentation and drop-weight impact test meth-
1.5.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in
ods to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich
brackets.
constructions. Permissible core material forms include those
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(such as honeycomb, truss cores and fiber-reinforced cores).
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.2 This practice supplements Test Methods D6264/
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D6264M (for quasi-static indentation testing) and D7136/
D7136M (for drop-weight impact testing) with provisions for
2. Referenced Documents
testing sandwich specimens. Several important test specimen
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
parameters (for example, facing thickness, core thickness and
C274 Terminology of Structural Sandwich Constructions
core density) are not mandated by this practice; however,
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
repeatableresultsrequirethattheseparametersbespecifiedand
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
reported.
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
1.3 Three test procedures are provided. ProceduresAand B
Materials
correspond to D6264/D6264M test procedures for rigidly-
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
backed and edge-supported test conditions, respectively. Pro-
D5229/D5229M TestMethodforMoistureAbsorptionProp-
cedure C corresponds to D7136/D7136M test procedures. All
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
three procedures are suitable for imparting damage to a
Composite Materials
sandwich specimen in preparation for subsequent damage
D6264/D6264M Test Method for Measuring the Damage
tolerance testing.
Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Com-
1.4 In general, Procedure A is considered to be the most
posite to a Concentrated Quasi-Static Indentation Force
suitable procedure for comparative damage resistance
D7136/D7136M Test Method for Measuring the Damage
assessments, due to reduced influence of flexural stiffness and
Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Com-
support fixture characteristics upon damage formation.
posite to a Drop-Weight Impact Event
However, the selection of a test procedure and associated
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
support conditions should be done in consideration of the
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
intended structural application, and as such Procedures B and
ASTM Test Methods
C may be more appropriate for comparative purposes for some
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
applications.
E2533 Guide for Nondestructive Testing of Polymer Matrix
Composites Used in Aerospace Applications
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in 2.2 Military Standards:
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
MIL-HDBK-17-3F Composite Materials Handbook, Vol-
ume 3—Polymer Matrix Composites Materials Usage,
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D30 on Composite
2
Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on Sandwich For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Construction. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2011. Published December 2011. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D7766_D7766M-11. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7766/D7766M − 11
3
Design and Analysis 3.3.2 t—thickness of impacted sandwich facing
4
MIL-HDBK-728/1 Nondestructive Testing
4. Summary of Practices
...

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1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
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5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.
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1.1 This test method covers the bearing response of pinned or fastened joints using multi-directional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers by double-shear tensile loading (Procedure A), single-shear tensile or compressive loading of a two-piece specimen (Procedure B), single-shear tensile loading of a one-piece specimen (Procedure C), or double-shear compressive loading (Procedure D). Standard specimen configurations using fixed values of test parameters are described for each procedure. However, when fully documented in the test report, a number of test parameters may be optionally varied. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides supplemental instructions that allow Test Methods D6264/D6264M (for quasi-static indentation testing) and D7136/D7136M (for drop-weight impact testing) to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions. Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made using sandwich constructions. Knowledge of the damage resistance properties of a sandwich panel is useful for product development and material selection.  
5.2 Sandwich damage resistance testing can serve the following purposes:  
5.2.1 To establish quantitatively the effects of facing geometry, facing stacking sequence, facing-to-core interface, core geometry (cell size, cell wall thickness, core thickness, etc.), core density, core strength, processing and environmental variables on the damage resistance of a particular sandwich panel to a concentrated quasi-static indentation force, drop-weight impact force, or impact energy.  
5.2.2 To compare quantitatively the relative values of the damage resistance parameters for sandwich constructions with different facing, core or adhesive materials. The damage response parameters can include dent depth, damage dimensions and location(s), indentation or impact force magnitudes, impact energy magnitudes, as well as the force versus time curve.  
5.2.3 To impart damage in a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance tests, such as Test Method D8287/D8287M and Practice D8388/D8388M.  
5.2.4 Quasi-static indentation tests can also be used to identify a specific sequence of damage events (only the final damage state is identifiable after a drop-weight impact test).  
5.3 The properties obtained using these practices can provide guidance in regard to the anticipated damage resistance capability of sandwich structures with similar materials, geometry, stacking sequence, and so forth. However, it must be understood that the damage resistance of a sandwich structu...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides instructions for modifying laminate quasi-static indentation and drop-weight impact test methods to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb, truss cores and fiber-reinforced cores).  
1.2 This practice supplements Test Methods D6264/D6264M (for quasi-static indentation testing) and D7136/D7136M (for drop-weight impact testing) with provisions for testing sandwich specimens. Several important test specimen parameters (for example, facing thickness, core thickness and core density) are not mandated by this practice; however, repeatable results require that these parameters be specified and reported.  
1.3 Three test procedures are provided. Procedures A and B correspond to D6264/D6264M test procedures for rigidlybacked and edge-supported test conditions, respectively. Procedure C corresponds to D7136/D7136M test procedures. All three procedures are suitable for imparting damage to a sandwich specimen in preparation for subsequent damage tolerance testing in accordance with Test Method D8287/D8287M (compressive loading) and Practice D8388/D8388M (flexural loading).  
1.4 In general, Procedure A is considered to be the most suitable procedure for comparative damage resistance assessments, due to reduced influence of flexural stiffness and support fixture characteristics upon damage formation. However, the selection of a test procedure and associated support conditions should be done in consideration of the intended structural application, and as such Procedures B and C may be more appropriate for comparative purposes for some applications.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not ...

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