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ASTM D3973-85(2011)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Low-Molecular Weight Halogenated Hydrocarbons in Water

Standard Test Method for Low-Molecular Weight Halogenated Hydrocarbons in Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The incidental conversion of organic material to trihalomethanes and other volatile organohalides during chlorination of water is a possible health hazard and is the object of much research. This test method can be used as a rapid, simple means for determining many volatile organohalides in raw and processed water.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of drinking water. It is also applicable to many environmental and waste waters when adequate validation is included.
1.2 This test method covers the determination of halomethanes, haloethanes, and some related extractable organohalides amenable to gas chromatographic measurement. The applicable concentration range for trihalomethanes is from 1 to 200 μg/L. Detection limits depend on the compound, matrix, and on the characteristics of the gas chromatographic system.
1.3 For compounds not specifically included in the precision and bias section the analyst should validate the test method by collecting precision and bias data on actual samples.
1.4 Confirmation of component identities is obtained by observing retention times using gas chromatographic columns of different polarities. When concentrations are sufficiently high (>50 μg/L) confirmation with halogen specific detectors or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) may be used. Confirmation of purgeable compounds at levels down to 1 μg/L can be obtained using Test Method D3871 with GC/MS detection.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2011
ICS
13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.06 - Methods for Analysis for Organic Substances in Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3973-85(2003) - Standard Test Method for Low-Molecular Weight Halogenated Hydrocarbons in Water
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Replaced By
ASTM D3973-85(2017) - Standard Test Method for Low-Molecular Weight Halogenated Hydrocarbons in Water
Effective Date
15-Dec-2017
Referred By
ASTM D5241-92(2017) - Standard Practice for Micro-Extraction of Water for Analysis of Volatile and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds in Water
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM D4128-18 - Standard Guide for Identification and Quantitation of Organic Compounds in Water by Combined Gas Chromatography and Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM D3694-96(2017) - Standard Practices for Preparation of Sample Containers and for Preservation of Organic Constituents
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM D5790-18 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Purgeable Organic Compounds in Water by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Effective Date
01-May-2011

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ASTM D3973-85(2011) - Standard Test Method for Low-Molecular Weight Halogenated Hydrocarbons in WaterASTM D3973-85(2011) - Standard Test Method for Low-Molecular Weight Halogenated Hydrocarbons in Water
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ASTM D3973-85(2011) - Standard Test Method for Low-Molecular Weight Halogenated Hydrocarbons in Water
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3973 − 85 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Method for
1
Low-Molecular Weight Halogenated Hydrocarbons in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3973; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of drinking water.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
It is also applicable to many environmental and waste waters D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
when adequate validation is included.
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D3871 Test Method for Purgeable Organic Compounds in
1.2 This test method covers the determination of
Water Using Headspace Sampling
halomethanes, haloethanes, and some related extractable or-
E355 Practice for Gas ChromatographyTerms and Relation-
ganohalides amenable to gas chromatographic measurement.
ships
The applicable concentration range for trihalomethanes is from
1 to 200 µg/L. Detection limits depend on the compound,
3. Terminology
matrix, and on the characteristics of the gas chromatographic
system.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
method, refer to Terminology D1129 and Practice E355.
1.3 Forcompoundsnotspecificallyincludedintheprecision
and bias section the analyst should validate the test method by
4. Summary of Test Method
collecting precision and bias data on actual samples.
4.1 This test method employs liquid/liquid extraction to
1.4 Confirmation of component identities is obtained by
isolate compounds of interest and provide a five-fold concen-
observing retention times using gas chromatographic columns
3, 4, 5
tration enhancement prior to measurement. A5-mL aque-
of different polarities. When concentrations are sufficiently
ous sample is extracted once with 1 mL of solvent. D3871-µL
high (>50 µg/L) confirmation with halogen specific detectors
aliquot of the extract is analyzed in a gas chromatograph
or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) may be
equipped with an electron-capture detector.
used. Confirmation of purgeable compounds at levels down to
1 µg/Lcan be obtained usingTest Method D3871 with GC/MS
4.2 Extraction efficiencies with the 1:5 solvent/sample ratio
detection.
for trihalomethanes average above 90 %. To compensate for
extraction losses, calibration standards are extracted and ana-
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
lyzed in an identical manner.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
4.3 The concentration of each component is calculated and
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the reported in micrograms per litre.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
tionary statements are given in Section 8. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
Mieure, J. P., “A Rapid and Sensitive Method for Determining Volatile
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water Organohalides in Water,” Journal AWWA, Vol 69, 1977, p. 60.
4
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD19.06onMethodsforAnalysisfor Richard, J. J., and Junk, G. A., “Liquid Extraction for Rapid Determination of
Organic Substances in Water. Halomethanes in Water,” Journal AWWA , Vol 69, 1977, p. 62.
5
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally “The Analysis of Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water by Liquid/Liquid
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D3973 – 85 (2003). Extraction,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EMSL, Cincinnati, OH, Sept.
DOI: 10.1520/D3973-85R11. 9, 1977.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3973 − 85 (2011)
5. Significance and Use 8. Reagents
5.1 The incidental conversion of organic material to triha- 8.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
lomethanes and other volatile organohalides during chlorina- used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
tion of water is a possible health hazard and is the object of all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
much research.This test method can be used as a rapid, simple tee on Ana
...

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5.1 A rapid and routine procedure for determining biomass of the living microorganisms in cultures, waters, wastewaters, and in plankton and periphyton samples taken from surface waters is frequently of vital importance. However, classical techniques such as direct microscope counts, turbidity, organic chemical analyses, cell tagging, and plate counts are expensive, time-consuming, or tend to underestimate total numbers. In addition, some of these methods do not distinguish between living and nonliving cells.  
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5.1 This test method is useful for the analysis of total uranium in water following wet-ashing, as required, due to impurities or suspended materials in the water.
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5.1 This test method has been developed by U.S. EPA Region 5 Chicago Regional Laboratory (CRL).  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, aldicarb sulfoxide, carbofuran, methomyl, oxamyl, and thiofanox (referred to collectively as carbamates in this test method) in water by direct injection using liquid chromatography (LC) and detected with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). These analytes are qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this test method. This test method adheres to multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry.  
1.2 The Detection Verification Level (DVL) and Reporting Range for the carbamates are listed in Table 1.    
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Standard Test Method for Determination of Bisphenol A in Environmental Waters by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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5.1 The first reported synthesis of BPA was by the reaction of phenol with acetone by Zincke.4 BPA has become an important high volume industrial chemical used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins. Polycarbonate plastic and resins are used in numerous products including electrical and electronic equipment, automobiles, sports and safety equipment, reusable food and drink containers, electrical laminates for printed circuit boards, composites, paints, adhesives, dental sealants, protective coatings and many other products.5  
5.2 The environmental source of BPA is predominantly from the decomposition of polycarbonate plastics and resins. BPA is not classified as bio-accumulative by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and will biodegrade. BPA has been reported to have adverse effects in aquatic organisms and may be released into environmental waters directly at trace levels through landfill leachate and POTW effluents. This method has been investigated for use with surface water and secondary and tertiary POTW effluent samples therefore, it is applicable to these matrices only. It has not been investigated for use with salt water or solid sample matrices.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) extracted from water utilizing solid phase extraction (SPE), separated using liquid chromatography (LC) and detected with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). BPA is qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this method. This test method adheres to multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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5.1 Pesticides may be used in various agricultural and household products. These products may enter waterways at low levels through run-off or misuse near water resources. Hence, there is a need for quick, easy and robust method to determine pesticide concentration in water matrices for understanding the sources and concentration levels in affected areas.  
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1.2 A full collaborative study to meet the requirements of Practice D2777 has not been completed. This standard contains single-operator precision and bias based on single-operator data. Publication of standards that have not been fully validated is done to make the current technology accessible to users of standards, and to solicit additional input from the user community.  
1.3 A reporting limit check sample (RLCS) is analyzed during every batch to ensure that if an analyte was present in a sample at or near the reporting limit it would be positively identified and accurately quantitated within set quality control limits. A method detection limit (MDL) study was not done for this method, the method detection limits would be much lower than the reporting limits in this method and would be irrelevant. A RLCS was determined to be more applicable for this standard. If this method is adapted to report much lower or near the MDL then a MDL study would be warranted.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 The Reporting Range for the target analytes are listed in Table 1.  
1.5.1 The reporting limit in this test method is the minimum value below which data are documented as non-detects. The reporting limit is calculated from the concentration of the Level 1 calibration standard as shown in Table 6 after taking into account an 8 mL water sample volume and a final diluted sample volume of 10 mL (80 % water/20 % methanol).  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM
ASTM D7485-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Nonylphenol, p-tert-Octylphenol, Nonylphenol Monoethoxylate and Nonylphenol Diethoxylate in Environmental Waters by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 NP and OP have been shown to have toxic effects in aquatic organisms. The source of NP and OP is prominently from the use of common commercial surfactants. The most widely used surfactant is nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO) which has an average ethoxylate chain length of nine. The ethoxylate chain is readily biodegraded to form NP1EO, NP2EO, nonylphenol carboxylate (NPEC) and, under anaerobic conditions, NP. NP will also biodegrade, but may be released into environmental waters directly at trace levels. This method has been investigated and is applicable for environmental waters, including seawater.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol ethoxylate (NP1EO), nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO), and octylphenol (OP), extracted from water utilizing solid phase extraction (SPE), separated using liquid chromatography (LC) and detected with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). These compounds are qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this method. This method adheres to single reaction monitoring (SRM) mass spectrometry.  
1.2 The method detection limit (MDL) and reporting limit (RL) for NP, NP1EO, NP2EO, and OP are listed in Table 1.    
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off