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ASTM D648-16

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position

Standard Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test is particularly suited to control and development work. Data obtained by this test method shall not be used to predict the behavior of plastic materials at elevated temperatures except in applications in which the factors of time, temperature, method of loading, and fiber stress are similar to those specified in this test method. The data are not intended for use in design or predicting endurance at elevated temperatures.  
5.2 For many materials, there may be a specification that requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method. Refer to Table 1 in Classification D4000, which lists the ASTM material standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which an arbitrary deformation occurs when specimens are subjected to an arbitrary set of testing conditions.  
1.2 This test method applies to molded and sheet materials available in thicknesses of 3 mm (1/8 in.) or greater and which are rigid or semirigid at normal temperature.
Note 1: Sheet stock less than 3 mm (0.125 in.) but more than 1 mm (0.040 in.) in thickness may be tested by use of a composite sample having a minimum thickness of 3 mm. The laminae must be of uniform stress distribution. One type of composite specimen has been prepared by cementing the ends of the laminae together and then smoothing the edges with sandpaper. The direction of loading shall be perpendicular to the edges of the individual laminae.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 Some older machines still use mercury-in-glass thermometers. (Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 2: The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
Note 3: This standard and ISO 75-1 and ISO 75-2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content, and results shall not be compared between the two test methods.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2016
ICS
83.080.01 - Plastics in general
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.30 - Thermal Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D648-18 - Standard Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position
Effective Date
01-Apr-2018

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ASTM D648-16 - Standard Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise PositionASTM D648-16 - Standard Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position
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ASTM D648-16 - Standard Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D648 −16
Standard Test Method for
Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load in
1
the Edgewise Position
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D648; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those
1. Scope*
in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tem-
standard.
perature at which an arbitrary deformation occurs when speci- NOTE 3—This standard and ISO 75-1 and ISO 75-2 address the same
subject matter, but differ in technical content, and results shall not be
mens are subjected to an arbitrary set of testing conditions.
compared between the two test methods.
1.2 This test method applies to molded and sheet materials
1
available in thicknesses of 3 mm ( ⁄8 in.) or greater and which
2. Referenced Documents
are rigid or semirigid at normal temperature.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 1—Sheet stock less than 3 mm (0.125 in.) but more than 1 mm
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
(0.040in.)inthicknessmaybetestedbyuseofacompositesamplehaving
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
a minimum thickness of 3 mm. The laminae must be of uniform stress
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
distribution. One type of composite specimen has been prepared by
als
cementing the ends of the laminae together and then smoothing the edges
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
with sandpaper. The direction of loading shall be perpendicular to the
edges of the individual laminae.
Plastics Specimens
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
mometers
only.
E608/E608M Specification for Mineral-Insulated, Metal-
1.4 Some older machines still use mercury-in-glass ther-
Sheathed Base Metal Thermocouples
mometers. (Warning—Mercury has been designated by many
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been
E1137/E1137M Specification for Industrial Platinum Resis-
demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to
tance Thermometers
materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
and mercury containing products. See the applicable product
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury contain-
ISO 75-1 Plastics—Determination of Temperature of De-
ing products into your state or country may be prohibited by
flection Under Load—Part 1: General Test Method
law.
ISO 75-2 Plastics—Determination of Temperature of De-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
flection Under Load—Part 2: Plastics and Ebonite
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4
2.3 NIST Document:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NBS Special Publication 250-22
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
NOTE 2—The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
1 3
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally Mangum, B.W., “Platinum ResistanceThermometer Calibration,” NBS Special
approved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D648 - 07, which was Publication 250-22, 1987. Available from National Institute of Standards and
withdrawn January 2016 and reinstated in April 2016. DOI: 10.1520/D0648-16. Technology, Gaithersburg, MD.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Ba
...

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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of volatile loss from a plastic material under defined conditions of time and temperature, using activated carbon as the immersion medium.  
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1.1 This terminology covers definitions of technical terms used in the plastics industry. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.  
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1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statement are given in Section 10.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Compression tests provide information about the compressive properties of plastics when employed under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made.  
4.2 Compressive properties include modulus of elasticity, yield stress, deformation beyond yield point, and compressive strength (unless the material merely flattens but does not fracture). Materials possessing a low order of ductility may not exhibit a yield point. In the case of a material that fails in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength has a very definite value. In the case of a material that does not fail in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength is an arbitrary one depending upon the degree of distortion that is regarded as indicating complete failure of the material. Many plastic materials will continue to deform in compression until a flat disk is produced, the compressive stress (nominal) rising steadily in the process, without any well-defined fracture occurring. Compressive strength can have no real meaning in such cases.  
4.3 Compression tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue.  
4.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the ASTM specification for the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there is no material specification, then the default conditions apply. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens of standard shape are employed. This procedure is applicable for a composite modulus up to and including 41,370 MPa (6,000,000 psi).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1: For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply reinforcements, tests may be made in accordance with Test Method D3410/D3410M or D6641/D6641M.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in 13.1.
Note 2: This standard is equivalent to ISO 604.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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ASTM
ASTM D1929-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tests made under conditions herein prescribed can be of considerable value in comparing the relative ignition characteristics of different materials. Values obtained represent the lowest ambient air temperature that will cause ignition of the material under the conditions of this test. Test values are expected to rank materials according to ignition susceptibility under actual use conditions.  
4.2 This test is not intended to be the sole criterion for fire hazard. In addition to ignition temperatures, fire hazards include other factors such as burning rate or flame spread, intensity of burning, fuel contribution, products of combustion, and others.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire test response test method2 covers a laboratory determination of the flash ignition temperature and spontaneous ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Caution—During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved that have the potential to be hazardous to personnel.  
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.3 and 1.4.
Note 1: This test method and ISO 871-2022 (Option 1) are similar in all technical details.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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